Occurrence and Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000–2004)

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitagauri M. Deshpande ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Thomas R. Fritsche ◽  
Helio S. Sader
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance

scholarly journals Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of OXA-45, an Extended-Spectrum Class 2d′ β-Lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2859-2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Toleman ◽  
Kenneth Rolston ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Timothy R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class D ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT As part of the CANCER Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America, a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain 07-406, isolated in Texas was found to be resistant to all antimicrobials except polymyxin B. Genetic analysis of this isolate identified two unique extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes. One, bla VIM-7, encoded a metallo-β-lactamase (unpublished data), and the other, bla OXA-45, described here, encoded a class D extended-spectrum β-lactamase. bla OXA-45 was isolated on a Sau3A1 genomic fragment of 1.8 kb and encodes a protein of 264 amino acids with the highest identities to OXA-18 (65.9%), OXA-9 (42.8%), OXA-22 (40.2%), OXA-12 (38.6%), and OXA-29 (35.2%) but weak identities with other class D β-lactamases. bla OXA-45 was found to be harbored on a 24-kb plasmid in a region that displays high identities with a section of the 43-kb genomic island of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Biochemically OXA-45 is most similar to OXA-18 in its substrate profile and inhibition by clavulanic acid and is a member of the 2d′ class of β-lactamases.

scholarly journals In VitroSpectrum of Pexiganan Activity When Tested against Pathogens from Diabetic Foot Infections and with Selected Resistance Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1751-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Paul R. Rhomberg ◽  
Katie M. Simpson ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
The Family ◽  
Infection Types

ABSTRACTPexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic peptide, is currently in phase 3 clinical trials as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mild infections associated with diabetic foot ulcers. Bacterial isolates from the 2013 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program designated as pathogens from diabetic foot infections (DFI) and Gram-negative and -positive pathogens from various infection types that harbored selected resistance mechanisms/phenotypes were tested against pexiganan in reference cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. The MIC50and MIC90against all organisms tested from DFI were 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively.Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Citrobacter koseri,Enterobacter cloacae,Acinetobacterspecies, andPseudomonas aeruginosaMIC values ranged from 8 to 16 μg/ml. Pexiganan MIC values amongStaphylococcus aureus(methicillin-resistantS. aureus[MRSA] and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus[MSSA]), beta-hemolytic streptococci, andEnterococcus faeciumranged from 8 to 32 μg/ml. Pexiganan activity was not adversely affected for members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaeorP. aeruginosathat produced β-lactamases or resistance mechanisms to other commonly used antimicrobial agents. Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin did not affect pexiganan activity againstS. aureusorE. faecium.Enterococcus faecalisappears to be intrinsically less susceptible to pexiganan (MIC, 32 to 256 μg/ml). The “all organism” MIC90of 32 μg/ml for pexiganan in this study was >250-fold below the pexiganan concentration in the cream/delivery vehicle being developed for topical use.

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