scholarly journals Biophysics at the coffee shop: lessons learned working with George Oster

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 1882-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Igoshin ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jianhua Xing ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Timothy C. Elston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Quantitative Biology ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Physical Reasoning ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many

Over the past 50 years, the use of mathematical models, derived from physical reasoning, to describe molecular and cellular systems has evolved from an art of the few to a cornerstone of biological inquiry. George Oster stood out as a pioneer of this paradigm shift from descriptive to quantitative biology not only through his numerous research accomplishments, but also through the many students and postdocs he mentored over his long career. Those of us fortunate enough to have worked with George agree that his sharp intellect, physical intuition, and passion for scientific inquiry not only inspired us as scientists but also greatly influenced the way we conduct research. We would like to share a few important lessons we learned from George in honor of his memory and with the hope that they may inspire future generations of scientists.

scholarly journals SEAWALLS AND BREAKWATERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Model Tests ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modern Era

Since the days of the Phoenicians and Egyptians, men have struggled to build harbor works capable of standing against the forces of the sea. Although the remains of Roman works have endured to the modern era, little progress in design was made until the early part of the last century. Modern developments have led to a better knowledge of wave pressures, but the principal source of guidance is still to be found by studying the causes underlying the disasters of the past. This paper includes a brief outline of the principal structural types which have been built with varying degrees of success, a description of the results of certain model tests on a rubble mound breakwater, and a resume of some of the most important lessons learned from the many failures which have occurred.

scholarly journals Assessing the Evolution of Human Settlements with ‘Energy’ as a Determinant

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Manas Vijayan ◽  
Akshay Patil ◽  
Vijay Kapse
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Ozone Layer Depletion ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modern Era

Human settlements have evolved from caves in the Paleolithic Age to high rise buildings and cities in the modern era. Energy is one of the major driving forces in shaping the settlements of today. It is a fundamental of our everyday life and will continue to influence the future generations. It is also responsible for the many major looming threats faced by the world today, like climate change, ozone layer depletion, acid rains and global warming. Hence it is essential to investigate the influence of energy in shaping the settlements of the past, to understand the present, and to develop a vision for the future settlements. This paper is an attempt to study the evolution of human settlements based on the ‘urban form determinants’ framework developed by A.E.J. Morris with ‘energy’ as an additional determinant. The investigation proposes how energy has influenced in shaping the settlements of the past, and the correlation between energy and other urban form determinants. This study will help various stakeholders in developing an understanding on how energy can play a role in shaping a sustainable future, and also in identifying the parameters which influence them.

The Value of René Descartes's Work Devoted to Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia in Psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan ◽  
Laila Fariha Zein
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
French Mathematician ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modern Era

We noted that the seventeenth century saw far-ranging developments in science. Until that time, philosophers had looked to the past for answers, to the works of Aristotle and other ancient scholars, and to the Bible. The ruling forces of inquiry were dogma (the doctrine proclaimed by the established church) and authority figures. In the seventeenth century, a new force became important: empiricism, the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation. Knowledge handed down from the past became suspect. In its place, the golden age of the seventeenth century became illuminated by discoveries and insights that reflected the changing nature of scientific inquiry. Among the many scholars whose creativity marked that period, the French mathematician and philosopher René Descartes contributed directly to the history of modern psychology. His work helped to free scientific inquiry from the control of rigid, centuriesold theological and intellectual beliefs. Descartes symbolized the transition to the modern era of science, and he applied the idea of the clockwork mechanism to the human body. For these reasons, we can say that he inaugurated the era of modern psychology.

Ecology, statistics, and the art of misdiagnosis: The need for a paradigm shift

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Germano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Marine Monitoring ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approaches

This paper approaches ecological data analysis from a different vantage point and has implications for ecological risk assessment. Despite all the advances in theoretical ecology over the past four decades and the huge amounts of data that have been collected in various marine monitoring programs, we still do not know enough about how marine ecosystems function to be able to make valid predictions of impacts before they occur, accurately assess ecosystem ``health,'' or perform valid risk assessments. Comparisons are made among the fields of psychology, social science, and ecology in terms of the applications of decision theory or approach to problem diagnosis. In all of these disciplines, researchers are dealing with phenomena whose mechanisms are poorly understood. One of the biggest impediments to the interpretation of ecological data and the advancement of our understanding about ecosystem function is the desire of marine scientists and policy regulators to cling to the ritual of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) with mechanical dichotomous decisions around a sacred 0.05 criterion. The paper is divided into three main sections: first, a brief overview of common misunderstandings about NHST; second, why diagnosis of ecosystem health is and will be such a difficult task; and finally, some suggestions about alternative approaches for ecologists to improve our "diagnostic accuracy'' by taking heed of lessons learned in the fields of clinical psychology and medical epidemiology. Key words: statistical significance, Bayesian statistics, risk assessment

scholarly journals DNA Based Storage: Introduction, Characteristics, Applications and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Sharma . ◽  
Shiv Kumar . ◽  
Amit Kumar .
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Many ◽  
Principal Elements

Over the years, as humans have made progress, data has come to the forefront and has become one of the principal elements of life. No matter the field, all aspects of life are now dependent on data in one way or the other. Be it hospitals or financial institutions; sports teams or researchers, all operate on some form of data during their functioning. This ever-increasing dependency on data further leads to the need for its storage. The capability of present storage mechanisms is not able to keep up with the exponentially increasing demand. This along with other factors such as high setup costs, high maintenance charges, security, and accessibility are pushing towards an alternative avenue of storage. DNA or the code of life is very similar to the binary based data systems that we operate on, hence is being looked at, as the alternative to conventional methods. This field has seen massive amounts of developments in the recent past and is finding a strong footing. Its theoretical capability to store all the data ever created in a finger-sized device is one of the many factors, which makes it such an interesting field to study and know about. This paper describes how this domain of storage system(s) basically functions, the work is done in this field in the past, its advantages and limitations along with the challenges that this domain needs to overcome to become practically viable bringing a paradigm shift in computing.

scholarly journals Perspective on Antibacterial Lead Identification Challenges and the Role of Hypothesis-Driven Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-456
Author(s):  
Laura L. McDowell ◽  
Cheryl L. Quinn ◽  
Jennifer A. Leeds ◽  
Jared A. Silverman ◽  
Lynn L. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
The Past ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Science Application ◽  
The Many

For the past three decades, the pharmaceutical industry has undertaken many diverse approaches to discover novel antibiotics, with limited success. We have witnessed and personally experienced many mistakes, hurdles, and dead ends that have derailed projects and discouraged scientists and business leaders. Of the many factors that affect the outcomes of screening campaigns, a lack of understanding of the properties that drive efflux and permeability requirements across species has been a major barrier for advancing hits to leads. Hits that possess bacterial spectrum have seldom also possessed druglike properties required for developability and safety. Persistence in solving these two key barriers is necessary for the reinvestment into discovering antibacterial agents. This perspective narrates our experience in antibacterial discovery—our lessons learned about antibacterial challenges as well as best practices for screening strategies. One of the tenets that guides us is that drug discovery is a hypothesis-driven science. Application of this principle, at all steps in the antibacterial discovery process, should improve decision making and possibly the odds of what has become, in recent decades, an increasingly challenging endeavor with dwindling success rates.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

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