scholarly journals The Interplay Between Strictness of Policies and Individuals’ Self-Regulatory Efforts: Associations with Handwashing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Luszczynska ◽  
Zofia Szczuka ◽  
Charles Abraham ◽  
Adriana Baban ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Background Patterns of protective health behaviors, such as handwashing and sanitizing during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be predicted by macro-level variables, such as regulations specified by public health policies. Health behavior patterns may also be predicted by micro-level variables, such as self-regulatory cognitions specified by health behavior models, including the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Purpose This study explored whether strictness of containment and health policies was related to handwashing adherence and whether such associations were mediated by HAPA-specified self-regulatory cognitions. Methods The study (NCT04367337) was conducted among 1,256 adults from Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Self-report data on cross-situational handwashing adherence were collected using an online survey at two time points, 4 weeks apart. Values of the index of strictness of containment and health policies, obtained from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database, were retrieved twice for each country (1 week prior to individual data collection). Results Across countries and time, levels of handwashing adherence and strictness of policies were high. Path analysis indicated that stricter containment and health policies were indirectly related to lower handwashing adherence via lower self-efficacy and self-monitoring. Less strict policies were indirectly related to higher handwashing adherence via higher self-efficacy and self-monitoring. Conclusions When policies are less strict, exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus might be higher, triggering more self-regulation and, consequently, more handwashing adherence. Very strict policies may need to be accompanied by enhanced information dissemination or psychosocial interventions to ensure appropriate levels of self-regulation.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

Managers’ intentions to pursue export expansion an entrepreneurial cognition perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Sandoval ◽  
Olaf N. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Export Expansion ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Purpose Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of cognitive factors on the intention of a small and medium size enterprise (SME) manager to pursue the expansion of their firm’s export activities. Design/methodology/approach The authors created a research model and collected empirical data among owners and top managers of 127 Costa Rican SMEs. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques to reveal the relative significance and strength of the effects of every hypothesized relationship. Findings The results suggest that the perception of benefits and self-efficacy influence managers’ intentions to expand export activity. Managers’ intention to expand export activity, in turn, is associated with the levels of export commitment exhibited by the SMEs. None of the control variables seem to impact managers’ intentions. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study underline that the export development of a SME is to a large extent only possible if the manager’s perception of control over the export achievements is perceived to be high. SME managers need maximize their perceived level of controllability over firm’s export operations and achievements. This study relied on self-report data. Self-reports are the conventional method for assessing constructs regarding beliefs, and motivations of an individual. Its use in entrepreneurship research is proved to be reliable. However, the authors have to acknowledge that using self-report data carries the risk of common methods bias. Practical implications SMEs managers might benefit from strengthening the sense of self-efficacy regarding international business based on the results of this study. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that a manager’s cognitive characteristics play a crucial role in understanding export expansion of a SME. The results encourage future research to incorporate cognitive theoretical frameworks to examine factors determining international entrepreneurial intentions.

Self-regulation failure as a moderator of the pops–work outcomes relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 731-745
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Palmer ◽  
Wayne A. Hochwarter ◽  
Shuang (Sara) Ma ◽  
Gerald R. Ferris ◽  
Christian Kiewitz
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Support ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hotel Managers

PurposeDrawing upon cognitive control theory, we examine the effects of self-regulation failure (SRF) on the relationships between perceptions of organizational politics (POPs) and tension, exhaustion, satisfaction, work effort, perceived resource availability and performance/contribution.Design/methodology/approachWe test hypotheses across three unique studies (Study 1: 310 employees from various occupations; Study 2: 124 administrative/support employees; Study 3: 271 Chinese hotel managers) using hierarchical moderated regression analyses.FindingsAcross studies, results suggest that POPs had a minimal impact on work attitudes, behaviors and health-related outcomes when SRF was low. However, employees experiencing high SRF reported adverse consequences in high POPS settings.Research limitations/implicationsThese studies relied on self-report data. However, we implemented design features to mitigate potential concerns and analytic techniques to determine method effects. This paper contributed to the POPs literature by explaining how SRF and POPs interact to impact meaningful work outcomes.Practical implicationsLeaders should receive training to help them identify and address indicators of SRF. Leaders can also implement intervention programs to help calm employees who experience SRF.Social implicationsLeaders should receive training to help them identify and address indicators of SRF. Leaders can also implement programs to help assist employees who demonstrate adverse effects from SRF.Originality/valueThis paper integrates the research on SRF and politics to examine the collective impact these variables have on workers. Our three-study package also addresses the call for more studies to examine how politics operate across cultures.

Systematic Self-Monitoring and Reflection of Health Behavior in Widely Differing Preventive Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Krampen
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospital ◽  
Program Effects ◽  
Health And Development

Effects of a group health promotion program were tested in widely differing preventive settings. The objectives of the SySeRe program are systematic self-monitoring and reflection on everyday life health behavior as well as the promotion of health- and development-related cognitions and personal well-being. Randomized group designs were employed to evaluate effects on health locus of control, health value, personal developmental control, personal self-regulation of development, well-being, and psychosomatic complaints. Program effects were confirmed with reference to outcome measures administered at the end of the treatment and at 2-month follow-ups in samples of 56 aged individuals (Study 1), 50 adolescents (Study 2), and 53 inpatients on a psychosomatic rehabilitation hospital program (Study 3). Results demonstrate effectiveness and usability of the SySeRe program as an economical health promotion treatment in different primary and tertiary preventive settings.

scholarly journals Building Better Caregivers: A Pragmatic 12-Month Trial of a Community-Based Workshop for Caregivers of Cognitively Impaired Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1228-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lorig ◽  
Philip L. Ritter ◽  
Diana D. Laurent ◽  
Veronica Yank
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Caregiver Strain ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Self Report Data

Building Better Caregivers (BBC), a community 6-week, peer-led intervention, targets family caregivers of those with cognitive impairments. BBC was implemented in four geographically scattered areas. Self-report data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Primary outcome were caregiver strain and depression. Secondary outcomes included caregiver burden, stress, fatigue, pain, sleep, self-rated health, exercise, self-efficacy, and caregiver and care partner health care utilization. Paired t tests examined 6 month and 1-year improvements. General linear models examined associations between baseline and 6-month changes in self-efficacy and 12-month primary outcomes. Eighty-three participants (75% of eligible) completed 12-month data. Caregiver strain and depression improved significantly (Effect Sizes = .30 and .41). All secondary outcomes except exercise and caregiver health care utilization improved significantly. Baseline and 6-month improvements in self-efficacy were associated with improvements in caregiver strain and depression. In this pilot pragmatic study, BBC appears to assist caregivers while reducing care partner health care utilization. Self-efficacy appears to moderate these outcomes.

Motivational intermediaries of self-regulation among university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Russell ◽  
Racquel Warner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The concept of self-regulated learning (SRL) has become increasingly important in higher educational institutes seeking to provide students with a holistic education. It is important for students entering, and faculty within higher education, to understand whether future time perspective (FTP) or self-efficacy is more predictive of self-regulation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Through the use convenience sampling, data were collected via an online survey from 130 undergraduate students attending universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data were analysed using regression analysis and inferential measures identifying themes in participants study habits in order to examine whether it is FTP or self-efficacy that more strongly predicts SRL behaviours. Findings Results suggest that self-efficacy is a much stronger predictor of SRL in undergraduate students than goal setting, as measured by FTP. Student’s most deficient SRL behaviours related to reading and comprehension of texts prescribed across modules. Research limitations/implications Due to the fact that only an adjusted 33 per cent of self-regulation was predicted by the two variables under consideration, researchers are encouraged to identify further variables that may predict students SRL. Practical implications This paper seeks to support both students and faculty in how to draw on SRL in order to optimize students’ success in higher education. Originality/value The current research supports the identification of learning behaviours specific to branch campuses in a Middle-Eastern context.

scholarly journals Self-Monitoring of Balance Performance can Reduce the Rate of Falls Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine E. Forth ◽  
Charles S. Layne ◽  
Stefan I. Madansingh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Fall Rates

Background: 29% of older adults fall annually, resulting in the leading cause of accidental death. Fall prevention programs typically include exercise training and self-monitoring of physical activity has a positive effect on the self-efficacy and self-regulation of exercise behaviors. We assessed if self-monitoring of fall risk, without an intervention, impacts fall rates.Methods: Fifty-three older adults had open access to a balance measuring platform which allowed them to self-monitor their postural stability and fall risk using a simple 1-min standing balance test. 12-month retrospective fall history was collected and a monthly/bimonthly fall log captured prospective falls. Participants had access to self-monitoring for up to 2.2 years. Fall history and fall incidence rate ratios and their confidence intervals were compared between the periods of time with and without access to self-monitoring.Results: A 54% reduction in the number of people who fell and a 74% reduction in the number of falls was observed when participants were able to self-monitor their postural stability and fall risk, after normalizing for participation length. Further, 42.9% of individuals identified as having high fall risk at baseline shifted to a lower risk category at a median 34 days and voluntarily measured themselves for a longer period of time.Discussion: We attribute this reduction in falls to changes in health behaviors achieved through empowerment from improved self-efficacy and self-regulation. Providing older adults with the ability to self-monitor their postural stability and intuit their risk of falling appears to have modified their health behaviors to successfully reduce fall rates.

Knowledge of Dementia Among the Australian Health Workforce: A National Online Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Annear
Keyword(s):  
Health Workforce ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
University Education ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Dementia Education

Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability in Australia. This research evaluated dementia knowledge and educational needs among the Australian health workforce. An online version of the validated Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) was administered with a random sample of 234 health professionals across eight Australian states. Respondents provided additional self-report data concerning dementia experiences, educational needs, and demographic information. Dementia knowledge deficiencies were identified concerning risk factors, prevalent typologies of the condition, and cognitive symptoms. Prior university education and dementia-specific training were predictive of significantly higher knowledge scores. Self-reported dementia education needs included nonpharmaceutical interventions for the behavioral and psychological symptoms and best-evidence care provision. Knowledge deficiencies among health workers suggest patients with dementia may not be receiving consistent, best-evidence care in Australia. The research findings will support the development of a targeted online dementia education intervention that aims to improve health worker knowledge and patient care.

scholarly journals Feeding Practices in Australian Early Childhood Education and Care Settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Byrne ◽  
Kimberley Baxter ◽  
Sue Irvine ◽  
Helen Vidgen ◽  
Danielle Gallegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Objective: Feeding practices used by educators in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings can influence the diet quality of young children. However Australian data is scarce and limited to describing barriers to responsive feeding. This study describes the use of feeding practices amongst a group of Australian educators. Design: Direct observation of feeding practices and assessment of centre policy were conducted using the ‘Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation’ tool. Self-reported feeding practices and demographic data were collected via online survey using the Childcare Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire. Setting: Ten centre-based ECEC services in South East Queensland, Australia. Participants: Educators working in ECEC. Results: A total of 120 meals were observed and 88 educators provided self-report data (n=84 female). Centre policy supported the use of responsive feeding practices, and this was reflected in the high frequency with which children could decide what and how much to eat, across both observed and self-report data as well as low levels of pressure to eat and use of food as a reward (observed at 19.9% and 0% of meals). The only apparent discrepancy was regarding modelling. Median score for self-reported role-modelling was 5.0 (4.3-5.0) and educators were observed to sit with children at 75% of meals, however observed occasions of enthusiastic role modelling was only 22% (0-33.3) of meals. Conclusions: Research addressing how educators conceptualise feeding practices, as well under what circumstances they are used, particularly in centres with different models of food provision, may shed light on why modelling is rarely implemented in practice.

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