scholarly journals Psychosocial Stress and Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Chicago Community Adult Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. NP-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo G Cuevas ◽  
Ruijia Chen ◽  
Katherine A Thurber ◽  
Natalie Slopen ◽  
David R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Adult

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial stress has been implicated as a risk factor for overweight and obesity. However, research on psychosocial stressors and overweight and obesity has typically focused on single stressors in isolation, which may overestimate the impact of a specific stressor and fail to describe the role of cumulative stress on overweight and obesity risk.PurposeThis study explores the association between overweight/obesity and cumulative exposure to a wide range of psychosocial stressors, among a multiracial/ethnic sample of adults.MethodsUsing secondary data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n = 2,983), we conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses to quantify associations between eight psychosocial stressors, individually and in combination, and measured overweight and obesity, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, alcohol use and smoking.ResultsIn separated covariate-adjusted models, childhood adversities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.30]), acute life events (OR = 1.18; CI = [1.04, 1.34]), financial strain (OR = 1.30; CI = [1.15, 1.47]), and relationship stressors (OR = 1.18; CI = [1.04, 1.35]) were associated with increased odds of obesity. In a model adjusted for all stressors simultaneously, financial strain was the only stressor independently associated with overweight (OR = 1.17; CI = [1.00, 1.36]) and obesity (OR = 1.21; CI = [1.05, 1.39]). Participants with stress exposure in the highest quintile across 2, 3, or ≥4 (compared to no) types of stressors had significantly higher odds of obesity.ConclusionsMultiple types of stressors may be risk factors for obesity, and cumulative exposure to these stressors may increase the odds of obesity. Reducing exposure to stressors at the population level may have the potential to contribute to reducing the burden of obesity.

Chicago Community Adult Health Study, 2001-2003

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. House ◽  
George A. Kaplan ◽  
Jeffrey Morenoff ◽  
Stephen W. Raudenbush ◽  
David R. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Community Adult

scholarly journals Can subjective well-being and body concern in adolescence predict prescribed medication in adulthood? Findings from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study and the Norwegian Prescription Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-566
Author(s):  
Adelheid-Charlotte Wærholm ◽  
Eivind Meland ◽  
Reidun L. S. Kjome
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Norwegian Prescription Database ◽  
The Impact

Aim: To examine whether subjective well-being (SW) and body concern among adolescents aged 15–19 years has an impact on adult health, measured by medications dispensed on average 18 years later. Methods: Data collected in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) was paired with data from the Norwegian Prescription database (NorPD). We investigated the effects of adolescent SW and body concern on total number of medications, on use of anti-infectives (ATC-group J), medication for the musculo-skeletal system (ATC-group M), anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives (ATC-groups N05B and N05C), and finally antipsychotics, antidepressants and psychostimulants, agents used for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nootropics (ATC-groups N05A, N06A and N06B). We used multi-variable models where we entered body dissatisfaction and SW simultaneously in the models in order to adjust for the associations between the predictors, and also adjusted for possible confounders in the models. Results: Both body concern (dieting and dieting desire) and impaired SW predicted drug use 17–18 years after the participants were surveyed in adolescence. The impact was disease specific as body concern was the most influential predictor for drugs used for somatic diseases and complaints, whereas impaired SW was more strongly associated with drug use for mental health diseases and complaints. Conclusions: SW and body concern are important health determinants in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.

scholarly journals Double Burden of Malnutrition among Chinese Women of Reproductive Age and Their Social Determinants

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Jingqi Song ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Wafaie Fawzi ◽  
Yangmu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to examine the impact of a wide range of demographic, socioeconomic, and community factors on the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age using longitudinal data. We used data about 11,348 women of reproductive age who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a longitudinal survey, between 1989 and 2015. Nutritional outcomes were categorized into four groups, namely underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with normal weight as reference. A multinomial logit model was fitted due to geographic clustering and repeated observations of individuals. The prevalence of underweight decreased over time from 1991 but has tended to rise again since 2004, while the prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise between 1991 and 2015. Improved individual factors, socioeconomic status, and community urbanization reduced the risk of underweight but elevated the risk of overweight and obesity. The medium levels, rather than the highest levels, of household income and community urbanization are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. The notable increase in underweight prevalence is a cause for concern to be addressed along with efforts to curb the rising tide of overweight. In order to enhance the nutritional status of women of reproductive age, it is essential to improving the community environment, levels of education, and living environment from a wider context. Long-term and targeted plans are urgently needed for nutrition improvements among the different populations.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Stressors and Telomere Length: A Current Review of the Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Rentscher ◽  
Judith E. Carroll ◽  
Colter Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Social Adversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms

A growing literature suggests that exposure to adverse social conditions may accelerate biological aging, offering one mechanism through which adversity may increase risk for age-related disease. As one of the most extensively studied biological markers of aging, telomere length (TL) provides a valuable tool to understand potential influences of social adversity on the aging process. Indeed, a sizeable literature now links a wide range of stressors to TL across the life span. The aim of this article is to review and evaluate this extant literature with a focus on studies that investigate psychosocial stress exposures and experiences in early life and adulthood. We conclude by outlining potential biological and behavioral mechanisms through which psychosocial stress may influence TL, and we discuss directions for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Joint effects of prenatal exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and psychosocial stressors on corticotropin-releasing hormone during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Eick ◽  
Dana E. Goin ◽  
Lara Cushing ◽  
Erin DeMicco ◽  
Sabrina Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Prenatal exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and psychosocial stressors has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth. Previous studies have suggested that joint exposure to environmental chemical and social stressors may be contributing to disparities observed in preterm birth. Elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) during mid-gestation may represent one biologic mechanism linking chemical and nonchemical stress exposures to preterm birth. Methods Using data from a prospective birth cohort (N = 497), we examined the cross-sectional associations between five individual PFAS (ng/mL; PFNA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and Me-PFOSA-AcOH) and CRH (pg/mL) using linear regression. PFAS and CRH were measured during the second trimester in serum and plasma, respectively. Coefficients were standardized to reflect change in CRH associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in natural log-transformed PFAS. We additionally examined if the relationship between PFAS and CRH was modified by psychosocial stress using stratified models. Self-reported depression, stressful life events, perceived stress, food insecurity, and financial strain were assessed using validated questionnaires during the second trimester and included as binary indicators of psychosocial stress. Results An IQR increase in PFNA was associated with elevated CRH (β = 5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.79, 8.55). Increased concentrations of PFOA were also moderately associated with CRH (β = 3.62, 95% CI = −0.42, 7.66). The relationship between PFNA and CRH was stronger among women who experienced stressful life events, depression, food insecurity, and financial strain compared to women who did not experience these stressors. Conclusions This cross-sectional study is the first to examine the relationship between PFAS exposure and CRH levels in mid-gestation. We found that these associations were stronger among women who experienced stress, which aligns with previous findings that chemical and nonchemical stressor exposures can have joint effects on health outcomes.

DOES CHILDHOOD NUTRITION PREDICT HEALTH OUTCOMES DURING ADULTHOOD? EVIDENCE FROM A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN CHINA

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAQIANG QI ◽  
JIANLIN NIU
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

SummaryUsing data collected from the 2008 survey of Internal Migration and Health in China, this study examines the impact of late childhood nutrition intakes on a wide range of indicators of adult health. The results show that respondents who consume rich nutrients (meat, fish, milk, etc.) less frequently during late childhood have worse health outcomes when they grow up. They are more likely to rate their health as ‘fair/poor’, report a greater number of chronic diseases, have a higher incidence of acute illness, perceive greater numbers of physical pains/discomforts and to suffer more from insomnia and depression. With respect to objective biometrics, respondents who have less access to rich nutrients at age 14 tend to attain a shorter stature, gain more weight as an adult, and are more likely to become obese or have low lung capacity. Taken together, the evidence in support of a harmful impact of late childhood undernutrition on adult health is stronger and more consistent for subjective health indicators than for the objective biometrics examined in this study. Moreover, the results also indicate that the long-term health impact of late childhood nutrition deprivation is especially detrimental for females in China.

scholarly journals Neighborhood-level stressors, social support, and diurnal patterns of cortisol: The Chicago Community Adult Health Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Karb ◽  
Michael R. Elliott ◽  
Jennifer B. Dowd ◽  
Jeffrey D. Morenoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Community Adult

scholarly journals Cumulative risk of compromised physical, mental and social health in adulthood due to family conflict and financial strain during childhood: a retrospective analysis based on survey data representative of 19 European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004144
Author(s):  
Ziggi Ivan Santini ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Sarah Stewart-Brown ◽  
Bruce D Perry ◽  
Michael Marmot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundChildhood adversity (CA) has previously been linked to various health problems in adulthood. Investigations into the differential impact of distinct types of CA on a wide range of outcomes are scarce. This study aimed to assess the impact of self-reported childhood family conflict and/or financial strain on health and social functioning in adulthood among Europeans, while taking into account the mediating role of adulthood socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) in these associations.MethodsUsing the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2014, nationally representative cross-sectional data from 35 475 participants aged 15 years and older in 19 European countries were analysed. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess associations of retrospectively reported family conflict and/or financial strain in childhood with physical and mental health as well as health behaviours and social functioning in adulthood.ResultsA quarter of the European population reported having experienced family conflict, financial strain or both in childhood. Financial strain was reported more among older age groups and conflict more among younger age groups. A dose-response pattern with increased risk was demonstrated for almost all physical, behavioral, mental and social outcomes for these aspects of CA compared with no CA, with the highest risk observed in those who experienced both financial strain and family conflict. Adulthood SED mediated a significant proportion of the associations with financial strain (ranging from 5.4% to 72.4%), but did not mediate the associations with conflict.ConclusionIndividuals reporting family conflict or financial strain during childhood are at increased risk of developing a wide range of health and social problems. Those who report financial strain in childhood are more likely to experience SED in adulthood, which in turn increases their risk of experiencing health and social problems. Reported family conflict during childhood conferred increased risk of health and social problems, but adulthood SED did not appear to operate as an indirect pathway.

scholarly journals Stress-impaired reward pathway promotes distinct feeding behavior patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Fujioka ◽  
Kaori Kawai ◽  
Kuniyuki Endo ◽  
Minaka Ishibashi ◽  
Nobuyuki Iwade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Shell ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Psychosocial stress can impact feeding behavior outcomes. Although many studies have examined alterations to food intake, little is known about how stress affects feeding behavior patterns. To determine the impact of psychological stress on feeding behavior patterns, mice were subjected to various psychosocial stressors (social isolation, intermittent high-fat-diet, or physical restraint) prior to timed observations in a feeding arena that incorporated multiple bait loci. In addition, in vivo microdialysis was used to assess the effects of stressors on the reward system by measuring dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) shell. Impaired feeding behavior patterns characterized by significant deviations in bait selection (i.e. fixated feeding) and prolonged periods of eating (i.e. protracted feeding) were observed in stressed mice relative to non-stressed controls. In addition to clear behavioral effects, the stressors also negatively impacted dopamine levels at the nucleus accumbens shell. Normalization of dopamine reversed the fixated feeding behavior, whereas specifically inhibiting neuronal activity in the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area that project to the nucleus accumbens shell caused similar impairments in feeding. Given that the deviations were not consistently accompanied by changes in the amount of bait consumed, body weight, or metabolic factors, the qualitative effects of psychosocial stressors on feeding behavior likely reflect perturbations to a critical pathway in the mesolimbic dopamine system. These findings provide compelling evidence that aberrations in feeding behavior patterns can be developed as sensitive biomarkers of psychosocial stress and possibly a prodromal state of neuropsychiatric diseases.

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