scholarly journals Cumulative risk of compromised physical, mental and social health in adulthood due to family conflict and financial strain during childhood: a retrospective analysis based on survey data representative of 19 European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004144
Author(s):  
Ziggi Ivan Santini ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Sarah Stewart-Brown ◽  
Bruce D Perry ◽  
Michael Marmot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundChildhood adversity (CA) has previously been linked to various health problems in adulthood. Investigations into the differential impact of distinct types of CA on a wide range of outcomes are scarce. This study aimed to assess the impact of self-reported childhood family conflict and/or financial strain on health and social functioning in adulthood among Europeans, while taking into account the mediating role of adulthood socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) in these associations.MethodsUsing the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2014, nationally representative cross-sectional data from 35 475 participants aged 15 years and older in 19 European countries were analysed. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess associations of retrospectively reported family conflict and/or financial strain in childhood with physical and mental health as well as health behaviours and social functioning in adulthood.ResultsA quarter of the European population reported having experienced family conflict, financial strain or both in childhood. Financial strain was reported more among older age groups and conflict more among younger age groups. A dose-response pattern with increased risk was demonstrated for almost all physical, behavioral, mental and social outcomes for these aspects of CA compared with no CA, with the highest risk observed in those who experienced both financial strain and family conflict. Adulthood SED mediated a significant proportion of the associations with financial strain (ranging from 5.4% to 72.4%), but did not mediate the associations with conflict.ConclusionIndividuals reporting family conflict or financial strain during childhood are at increased risk of developing a wide range of health and social problems. Those who report financial strain in childhood are more likely to experience SED in adulthood, which in turn increases their risk of experiencing health and social problems. Reported family conflict during childhood conferred increased risk of health and social problems, but adulthood SED did not appear to operate as an indirect pathway.

scholarly journals Psychosocial distress and cardiovascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Natt och Dag ◽  
K Mehlig ◽  
A Rosengren ◽  
L Lissner ◽  
M Rosvall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The contemporary increase in psychological distress observed in many countries is, by itself, a public health issue of great concern. Methods This prospective study aims to investigate the impact of psychological distress on incident cardiovascular disease, in different age groups and also with respect to sex, among participants in the Gothenburg-based InterGene Study cohort. This cohort comprises a total of 3614 men and women, aged 25-75 years. Included in the present study were individuals who were free of previous CVD diagnoses and who fully completed all baseline examinations. Inclusions took place during 2001-2004. Psychological distress at baseline was assessed by self-rating depression and anxiety scales. A wide range of physiological and behavioral parameters were also assessed, which allowed for relevant adjustments. The outcome was incident CVD, and with a 12 year follow-up. Cox-regression analyses were performed. Results The results showed an increased risk of incident CVD with higher scores on each of the scales. The majority of the findings persisted after adjustments for relevant confounders. It was most common for young women to score high on the anxiety and depression scales. Conclusions The associations between psychological distress and later life cardiovascular disease calls for enhanced public health measures aiming at ameliorating psychological health, not least in younger age groups. Key messages There was an increased risk of incident CVD with higher scores on psychosocial distress scales. The majority of the findings persisted after adjustments for relevant confounders.

scholarly journals Quit Experiences among Primary Care Patients Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Pilot RCT Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Joyce ◽  
Grace M. Styklunas ◽  
Nancy A. Rigotti ◽  
Jordan M. Neil ◽  
Elyse R. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US adults’ smoking and quitting behaviors is unclear. We explored the impact of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors, risk perceptions, and reactions to text messages during a statewide stay-at-home advisory among primary care patients who were trying to quit. From May–June 2020, we interviewed smokers enrolled in a 12-week, pilot cessation trial providing text messaging and mailed nicotine replacement medication (NCT04020718). Twenty-two individuals (82% white, mean age 55 years), representing 88% of trial participants during the stay-at-home advisory, completed exit interviews; four (18%) of them reported abstinence. Interviews were thematically analyzed by two coders. COVID-19-induced environmental changes had mixed effects, facilitating quitting for some and impeding quitting for others. While stress increased for many, those who quit found ways to cope with stress. Generally, participants felt at risk for COVID-19 complications but not at increased risk of becoming infected. Reactions to COVID-19 and quitting behaviors differed across age groups, older participants reported difficulties coping with isolation (e.g., feeling disappointed when a text message came from the study and not a live person). Findings suggest that cessation interventions addressing stress and boredom are needed during COVID-19, while smokers experiencing isolation may benefit from live-person supports.

scholarly journals Impact of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Respiratory Pseudomonas on VAP and VAE During Long-Term Acute Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s258-s259
Author(s):  
James Harrigan ◽  
Ebbing Lautenbach ◽  
Emily Reesey ◽  
Magda Wernovsky ◽  
Pam Tolomeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background: Clinically diagnosed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in the long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH) setting and may contribute to adverse ventilator-associated events (VAEs). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common causative organism of VAP. We evaluated the impact of respiratory P. aeruginosa colonization and bacterial community dominance, both diagnosed and undiagnosed, on subsequent P. aeruginosa VAP and VAE events during long-term acute care. Methods: We enrolled 83 patients on LTACH admission for ventilator weaning, performed longitudinal sampling of endotracheal aspirates followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina HiSeq), and bacterial community profiling (QIIME2). Statistical analysis was performed with R and Stan; mixed-effects models were fit to relate the abundance of respiratory Psa on admission to clinically diagnosed VAP and VAE events. Results: Of the 83 patients included, 12 were diagnosed with P. aeruginosa pneumonia during the 14 days prior to LTACH admission (known P. aeruginosa), and 22 additional patients received anti–P. aeruginosa antibiotics within 48 hours of admission (suspected P. aeruginosa); 49 patients had no known or suspected P. aeruginosa (unknown P. aeruginosa). Among the known P. aeruginosa group, all 12 patients had P. aeruginosa detectable by 16S sequencing, with elevated admission P. aeruginosa proportional abundance (median, 0.97; IQR, 0.33–1). Among the suspected P. aeruginosa group, all 22 patients had P. aeruginosa detectable by 16S sequencing, with a wide range of admission P. aeruginosa proportional abundance (median, 0.0088; IQR, 0.00012–0.31). Of the 49 patients in the unknown group, 47 also had detectable respiratory Psa, and many had high P. aeruginosa proportional abundance at admission (median, 0.014; IQR, 0.00025–0.52). Incident P. aeruginosa VAP was observed within 30 days in 4 of the known P. aeruginosa patients (33.3%), 5 of the suspected P. aeruginosa patients (22.7%), and 8 of the unknown P. aeruginosa patients (16.3%). VAE was observed within 30 days in 1 of the known P. aeruginosa patients (8.3%), 2 of the suspected P. aeruginosa patients (9.1%), and 1 of the unknown P. aeruginosa patients (2%). Admission P. aeruginosa abundance was positively associated with VAP and VAE risk in all groups, but the association only achieved statistical significance in the unknown group (type S error <0.002 for 30-day VAP and <0.011 for 30-day VAE). Conclusions: We identified a high prevalence of unrecognized respiratory P. aeruginosa colonization among patients admitted to LTACH for weaning from mechanical ventilation. The admission P. aeruginosa proportional abundance was strongly associated with increased risk of incident P. aeruginosa VAP among these patients.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Friendship and social functioning following early institutional rearing: The role of ADHD symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1477-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽  
Laurel Gabard-Durnam ◽  
Bonnie Goff ◽  
Eva H. Telzer ◽  
Jessica Flannery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Social Cue ◽  
Cue Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractEarly institutional rearing is associated with increased risk for subsequent peer relationship difficulties, but the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Friendship characteristics, social behaviors with peers, normed assessments of social problems, and social cue use were assessed in 142 children (mean age = 10.06, SD = 2.02; range 7–13 years), of whom 67 were previously institutionalized (PI), and 75 were raised by their biological families. Anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, often elevated among PI children, were examined as potential mediators of PI status and baseline social functioning and longitudinal follow-ups (2 and 4 years later). Twenty-seven percent of PI children fell above the Child Behavior Checklist Social Problems cutoff. An examination of specific social behaviors with peers indicated that PI and comparison children did not differ in empathic concern or peer social approach, though parents were more likely to endorse aggression/overarousal as a reason that PI children might struggle with friendships. Comparison children outperformed PI children in computerized testing of social cue use learning. Finally, across these measures, social difficulties exhibited in the PI group were mediated by ADHD symptoms with predicted social problems assessed 4 years later. These findings show that, when PI children struggle with friendships, mechanisms involving attention and behavior regulation are likely contributors.

Contraception Options in Neurologic Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Reisinger ◽  
Amy Robinson Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Unplanned pregnancy has particular implications for women with chronic disease, including increased risk of adverse health events during pregnancy and potential impact on disease course or treatment options. While preventing unplanned pregnancy is especially important in this population, both medications and sequelae of chronic disease must be considered in choosing safe and effective contraceptive options. The US Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use were established to provide guidance on contraceptive use for women with various disease conditions; however, specific guidelines for many neurologic conditions are limited. This chapter reviews evidence and recommendations for contraception options in women with a wide range of neurologic conditions. Considerations include interactions with medications, the risk of venous thromboembolism in the setting of reduced mobility, and the impact of hormonal contraception on symptom frequency and disease progression. In many cases, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods offer highly effective, well-tolerated contraception for women with neurologic disease.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Stress and Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Chicago Community Adult Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. NP-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo G Cuevas ◽  
Ruijia Chen ◽  
Katherine A Thurber ◽  
Natalie Slopen ◽  
David R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Adult

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial stress has been implicated as a risk factor for overweight and obesity. However, research on psychosocial stressors and overweight and obesity has typically focused on single stressors in isolation, which may overestimate the impact of a specific stressor and fail to describe the role of cumulative stress on overweight and obesity risk.PurposeThis study explores the association between overweight/obesity and cumulative exposure to a wide range of psychosocial stressors, among a multiracial/ethnic sample of adults.MethodsUsing secondary data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n = 2,983), we conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses to quantify associations between eight psychosocial stressors, individually and in combination, and measured overweight and obesity, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, alcohol use and smoking.ResultsIn separated covariate-adjusted models, childhood adversities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.30]), acute life events (OR = 1.18; CI = [1.04, 1.34]), financial strain (OR = 1.30; CI = [1.15, 1.47]), and relationship stressors (OR = 1.18; CI = [1.04, 1.35]) were associated with increased odds of obesity. In a model adjusted for all stressors simultaneously, financial strain was the only stressor independently associated with overweight (OR = 1.17; CI = [1.00, 1.36]) and obesity (OR = 1.21; CI = [1.05, 1.39]). Participants with stress exposure in the highest quintile across 2, 3, or ≥4 (compared to no) types of stressors had significantly higher odds of obesity.ConclusionsMultiple types of stressors may be risk factors for obesity, and cumulative exposure to these stressors may increase the odds of obesity. Reducing exposure to stressors at the population level may have the potential to contribute to reducing the burden of obesity.

scholarly journals Lack of application of the European Work Time Directive: effects on workload, work satisfaction and burnout among Italian physicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Paola Gnerre ◽  
Domenico Montemurro ◽  
Andrea P. Rossi ◽  
Costantino Troise ◽  
Carlo Palermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The Italian Parliament has excluded hospital physicians from the application of the European Work Time Directive (EWTD), which imposes a maximum workweek of 48 h and compulsory resting periods. This resulted in extended and excessive work time for the category. This paper is aimed at evaluating the impact of this legislation gap, by assessing the presence of excessive work-related stress and risk for burnout syndrome among Italian physicians working in public hospitals. This observational study is based on an on-line survey conducted on a sample of 1925 Italian doctors (covering a wide range of age, work experience and contractual positions) from October 2014 to February 2015. The questionnaire included 30 questions concerning their personal and professional life (<em>e.g</em>., assessment of workloads, number of uncomfortable or extra shifts, unused days-off, <em>etc</em>.). On the basis of the results, it can be inferred that the average Italian doctor working in public hospitals is under considerable stress at work with negative consequences on his health. He is exposed to high risk of suffering from sleep disorders and cardiovascular diseases (due to the lack of time for private practice and eating regular meals). Overall, his perception is that his job worsens his quality of life. This study shows the relevance of the risk of burnout among Italian physicians employed in public hospitals due to severe workload and work conditions. The resulting impact on the quality of care and the significant cost involved - both in human and economic terms - calls for significant emergency measures by the Italian health work organization. An important increase and prolonged working time is associated with a worsening of the objective cognitive performance and an increase of clinical risk, but also to an increased risk of diseases for operators and of the burnout syndrome. Our survey shows that lack of application of the EWTD has adverse effects on the quality of life and performance of Italian doctors. Failure to respond by all Italian doctors is the greatest limitation of our survey.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of extended vaccination strategies on the epidemiology of pertussis

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. ROZENBAUM ◽  
R. De VRIES ◽  
H. H. LE ◽  
M. J. POSTMA
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to investigate the optimal pertussis booster vaccination strategy for The Netherlands. A realistic age-structured deterministic model was designed. Assuming a steady-state situation and correcting for underreporting, the model was calibrated using notification data from the period 1996–2000. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the impact of different assumptions for parameters surrounded by uncertainty (e.g. duration of protection after natural infection, underreporting factors, and transmission probabilities). The optimal age of an additional booster dose is in the range of 10–15 years, and implementation of this booster dose will reduce both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, although the incidence of symptomatic infections in older age groups will increase. The impact of the different assumptions used in the model was in general limited. We conclude that over a wide range of assumptions, an additional booster dose can reduce the incidence of pertussis in the population.

Adolescent sexuality—changing needs and values

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (S5) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Manuel Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Adolescent Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
The Impact

Concern about the health of adolescents, their patterns of social and sexual interaction as well as the ways in which they ultimately are able to adapt to the outcomes of their interaction is a relatively recent development (Carballo & Engstrom, 1975). In no small way the concern currently being addressed to this issue is indicative of a much broader preoccupation with the impact of social change on individual and community health in general. For while adolescents, because of their particular position in modern and modernizing societies, have possibly presented more socially dramatic manifestations of the effects of a new environment on lifestyle and behaviour, they have not been alone in experiencing these social change influences. Many of the ambiguities, stresses and needs of modern society have produced, in one way or another, health and psycho-social problems among other age groups too.

scholarly journals Early breast cancer: why does obesity affect prognosis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Heetun ◽  
R. I. Cutress ◽  
E. R. Copson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Bmi

High BMI is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women but poorer outcomes in all age groups. The underlying mechanism is likely to be multi-factorial. Patients with a high BMI may present later due to body habitus. Some studies have also indicated an increased incidence of biologically adverse features, including a higher frequency of oestrogen receptor (ER negative) tumours, in obese patients. Obese patients have a higher frequency of surgical complications, potentially delaying systemic therapies, and reports suggest that chemotherapy and endocrine therapy are less effective in patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2.High BMI is generally interpreted as excess adiposity and a World Cancer Research Fund report judged that the associations between BMI and incidence of breast cancer were due to body fatness. However, BMI cannot distinguish lean mass from fat mass, or characterise body fat distribution. Most chemotherapy drugs are dosed according to calculated body surface area (BSA). Patients with a similar BSA or BMI may have wide variations in their distribution of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (body composition); however, few studies have looked at the effect of this on chemotherapy tolerance or effectiveness. Finally, adjuvant treatments for breast cancer can themselves result in body composition changes.Research is required to fully understand the biological mechanisms by which obesity influences cancer behaviour and the impact of obesity on treatment effectiveness and tolerance so that specific management strategies can be developed to improve the prognosis of this patient group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document