Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Locke
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American South ◽  
Religious Right ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
Frank Norris ◽  
Religious Politics ◽  
White Southerners ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The American South

The epilogue looks forward from the triumph of prohibition in Texas and the American South by exploring the rise of fundamentalism, the growth of the Ku Klux Klan, and the spread of a “Texas theology” across the nation. When white southerners poured out of the region during the remainder of the early twentieth century and settled especially in the Midwest and ever-rising West, they carried the clerical culture with them. Fundamentalist leaders such as J. Frank Norris and Robert Shuler exported the South’s fighting faith, normalized religious politics, championed a new hard-line theology, and laid the early groundwork for the coming rise of the religious right.

To Ensure Domestic Tranquility: The FBI, COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE and Political Discourse, 1964–1971

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN DRABBLE
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
American South ◽  
Ku Klux Klan ◽  
Action Program ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Covert Action ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
White Southerners ◽  
The American South

Between September 1964 and April 1971, the Federal Bureau of Investigation conducted a domestic covert action program named COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE. This counterintelligence program endeavored to discredit, disrupt, and vitiate the Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist vigilante organizations. While historians are quite familiar with the FBI's efforts to nurture anticommunism and to discredit civil rights and leftist movements, the FBI's role in discrediting KKK groups in the American South during the late 1960s has not been systematically assessed. This article provides an analysis of the first aspect of this three-pronged attack. It describes how the FBI secretly coordinated efforts to discredit Klan organizations before local Southern communities that continued to tolerate vigilante violence. Intelligence information on Klan activities, provided discretely by the FBI to liberal Southern journalists, politicians and other molders of public opinion, helped those white Southerners who were opposed to Ku Klux Klan activity to transform their private dismay into public rebuke and criminal prosecutions. The article also analyzes corresponding COINTELPRO operations that discredited Ku Klux Klan leaders before rank-and-file Klan members. FBI agents and their clandestine informants circulated discrediting information about KKK leaders among rank and file Klan members, inculcating disillusionment among Klansmen and prompting resignations from Klan organizations.

Dance

2020 ◽  
pp. 274-304
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American South ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dance ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Pueblo Indian ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Ritual Dance ◽  
The American South

This chapter examines the ways in which Lawrence contributed extensive and innovative literary engagements with dance in the modernist period. Lawrence’s citations of dance are most widely associated with the liberation of the body and identity through early twentieth-century dance practices such as social dance, Greek dance, and the work of Isadora Duncan. Yet, as this chapter explores, Lawrence’s narratives also reflect the aesthetics initiated by the innovations of the Ballets Russes, European Expressionism, and, latterly, the ritual dance of the American South - of Native and Pueblo Indian forms. In his late work Lawrence especially invokes dance experimentally to formulate a new literary critique of a failing European culture.

Slave Culture

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
American South ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Task System ◽  
The American South

This article reviews scholarship on slave culture and the slave experience. Historians of the American South have had an interest in slavery since the early twentieth century but not until fairly recently have they paid sustained attention to the enslaved. Historians have begun to examine slaves, providing a bottom-up analysis of how slavery and slaves shaped their culture, daily lives, and southern white culture generally. This more recent emphasis has been sensitive to the importance of variables: how southern slave culture was shaped by time, place, work patterns, source population (the origins of African-born slaves); whether a region was under English, Dutch, Spanish, Spanish, French, or American jurisdiction; whether slaves lived and worked in societies with slaves or slave societies; whether slaves were skilled, toiled under the task system, or were gang labour; whether they produced tobacco, indigo, rice, sugar, and cotton; their proximity to Native Americans or Spaniards; and whether they lived in times of war or peace.

Monuments to Absence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Denson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
American South ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Public ◽  
White Southerners ◽  
History Of ◽  
The American South ◽  
Cherokee Removal ◽  
Past Wrongs

The 1830s forced removal of Cherokees from their southeastern homeland became the most famous event in the Indian history of the American South, an episode taken to exemplify a broader experience of injustice suffered by Native peoples. In this book, Andrew Denson explores the public memory of Cherokee removal through an examination of memorials, historic sites, and tourist attractions dating from the early twentieth century to the present. White southerners, Denson argues, embraced the Trail of Tears as a story of Indian disappearance. Commemorating Cherokee removal affirmed white possession of southern places, while granting them the moral satisfaction of acknowledging past wrongs. During segregation and the struggle over black civil rights, removal memorials reinforced whites' authority to define the South's past and present. Cherokees, however, proved capable of repossessing the removal memory, using it for their own purposes during a time of crucial transformation in tribal politics and U.S. Indian policy. In considering these representations of removal, Denson brings commemoration of the Indian past into the broader discussion of race and memory in the South.

Making the Bible Belt

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Locke
Keyword(s):  
American South ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Religious Right ◽  
Religious Support ◽  
Bible Belt ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Face ◽  
The American South ◽  
Shared Commitment

By reconstructing the religious crusade to achieve prohibition in Texas, Making the Bible Belt reveals how southern religious leaders overcame long-standing anticlerical traditions and built a powerful political movement that injected religion irreversibly into public life. H.L. Mencken coined the term “Bible Belt” in the 1920s to capture the peculiar alliance of religion and public life in the American South, but the reality he described was only the closing chapter of a long historical process. Through the politics of prohibition, and in the face of bitter resistance, a complex but shared commitment to expanding the power and scope of religion transformed southern evangelicals’ inward-looking restraints into an aggressive, self-assertive, and unapologetic political activism. Early defeats forced prohibitionist clergy to recast their campaign as a broader effort that churned notions of history, race, gender, and religion into a moral crusade that elevated ambitious leaders such as the pugnacious fundamentalist J. Frank Norris and US senator Morris Sheppard, the “Father of National Prohibition,” into national figures. By exploring the controversies surrounding the religious support of prohibition in Texas, Making the Bible Belt reconstructs the purposeful, decades-long campaign to politicize southern religion, hints at the historical origins of the religious right, and explores a compelling and transformative moment in American history.

5. The evolving South

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Charles Reagan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
American South ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Black American ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
The American South

‘The evolving South’ explores the evolving American South in the 1970s. It looks at the beginning of a southern turn in black American culture, which coincided with the beginnings of a dramatic reverse migration as African Americans moved to the South. The “Sunbelt” became the term for a now-prosperous, fast-growing, and urbanizing South, attracting northern and international investment and gaining a large percentage of federal funding through government programs. Meanwhile, the Democratic Party had anchored the Solid South in national politics and was the only functioning party through most of the twentieth century. The effects of globalization were significant in the American South.

scholarly journals A Public Good: Documenting the American South and Slave Narratives

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
Patricia Buck Dominguez ◽  
Joe A. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American South ◽  
Electronic Publishing ◽  
Slave Narratives ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Publishing Program ◽  
The American South ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
The University

Documenting the American South (DAS) is an electronic publishing program of the University of North Carolina Library that provides public access to primary source materials related to Southern history, literature, and culture from the colonial period through the first decades of the twentieth century.1 It includes mainly nineteenth- and early twentieth-century published texts, with large numbers of autobiographies, biographies, essays, travel accounts, poetry, diaries, letters, and memoirs. It also offers a few titles published in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and some manuscripts, images, and audio files. DAS currently includes ten thematic collections.2 The American South has a unique cultural . . .

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