Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Guisinger
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
American Economy ◽  
American Trade ◽  
Do So

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the book and its two interwoven puzzles: what are the predictors of Americans’ trade preferences in today’s post-industrial economy, and why do so few politicians attempt to take advantage of these preferences? After providing historical context for American trade policy, the chapter outlines an answer: that the changing American economy has untethered traditional sources of trade sentiment, resulting in diverse, countervailing, and difficult to mobilize sources of trade sentiment. As a result, in most political districts, discussion of trade has fallen by the wayside; and trade policy is increasingly being formulated and conducted outside of standard systems of voter-driven accountability. The chapter places this new argument in the context of existing literature on the domestic and international politics of trade policy and provides a chapter by chapter summary of the book.

The Orators and the Athenian Past

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-80
Author(s):  
Guy Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memorial Landscape ◽  
Do So ◽  
Mnemonic Function

Chapter 1 is divided into seven sections which address different topics of guiding importance for the content and argument of the work as a whole; some can also be read as free-standing discussions of the topics they cover. Chapter 1.1 examines the mnemonic function of public statuary in classical Athens and situates it within a civic memorial landscape which helped shape how ordinary Athenians thought about their past. Chapter 1.2 looks at some ‘fictions’ in Athenian public discourse which enable orators to engage audiences when discussing the past and to create community among audience members with different experiences of that past. Chapters 1.3 and 1.4 discuss why Athenian orators make use of the past for persuasive purposes in the first place, and where and how they do so, cover the treatment of the historical example in contemporary rhetorical theory (Aristotle and the Rhetorica ad Alexandrum), and identify some patterns in the usage of Demosthenes and Aeschines to prepare the reader for the case-study chapters (2–6). Chapter 1.5 outlines key recent scholarly approaches to the topic and situates this work within the field. Chapter 1.6 sketches the historical context of Aeschines’ and Demosthenes’ careers, with particular emphasis on Athens’s responses to the growth and eventual hegemony of Macedon from the 350s onwards. Chapter 1.7 comes to some working views about how we can use the speech texts we have, looking at issues first of revision and dissemination and then of authenticity and authorship.

Wagner's Legacy in America: Re-Opening Farnam's Inquiry

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
American Economy

The continual interaction between economic change and economic policies designed to manage or guide this change seldom finds such dramatic expression as when one type of economy replaces another, e. g., when the industrial economy replaces the agrarian or is in turn supplanted by the “post-industrial” economy.Thus, when the American economy was in the thick of its industrial revolution during the decades around the turn of this century, it was subjected to a series of government interventions the lowest common denominator of which has been summarized in the title of a book by Morton Keller, Regulating a New Economy (1996). In the United States as in all other countries, these interventions consisted of a glorious jumble of attempts to solve problems as they arose, of “bespoke jobs” in response to diverse economic interests, and of sundry ideologically-motivated efforts to move events in particular directions.

scholarly journals LABOR MARKET IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2022 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. Bahdanava
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Postindustrial Economy ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Industrial

The article studies theoretical approaches to the category of "postindustrial" economy ". The historical context of the development and transformation of the economic spheres of society has been determined. The author analyzes the macroeconomic indicators of the Republic of Belarus. The indicators of the labor market of the Republic of Belarus in the conditions of the post-industrial economy are analyzed. The article describes the main tendencies of the post-industrial economy at the present stage of the development of society. The characteristic of the labor market of the Republic of Belarus in the conditions of the development of the post-industrial economy is given. The challenges and prospects of the labor market in the post-industrial economy have been identified.

Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Hamid Mavani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Novel Reading ◽  
Analytic Skills ◽  
Do So

The polyvalent Qur’anic text lends itself to multiple interpretations, dependingupon one’s presuppositions and premises. In fact, Q. 3:7 distinguishesbetween muḥkam (explicit, categorical) and mutashābih (metaphorical, allegorical,symbolic) verses. As such, this device provides a way for reinterpretingverses that outwardly appear to be problematic – be it in the area ofgender equality, minority rights, religious freedom, or war. However, manyof the verses dealing with legal provisions in such areas as devotional matters,marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance and bequest, and specific punishmentsappear to be unequivocal, categorical, and explicit. As such, scholarshave devised certain hermeneutical strategies to situate and contextualizethese verses in a particular socio-historical context, as well as to emphasizethat they were in conversation with the society to which the Qur’an was revealedand thereby underlining the “performative” (p.15) nature of the relationshipbetween the Qur’an and the society.No verse is more problematic, in the sense that it offends contemporarysensibilities and is quite difficult to reconcile with an egalitarian worldviewwhen dealing with gender issues, than Q. 4:34, which allows the husband todiscipline his wife if he deems her guilty of nushūz (e.g., disobedience, intransigence,sexual lewdness, aloofness, dislike or hatred of himself). AyeshaChaudhry undertakes a study of this challenging verse by engaging the corpusof literature in Arabic from the classical period to the seventeenth century; shealso includes Urdu and English sources for the post-colonial period.She starts off by relating her personal journey from a state of discomfortand puzzlement when she first came across this verse in middle school to adefensive posture in trying to convince herself by invoking the Prophet’scompassion toward his wives and in cherishing the idea that the Qur’an gavemore rights to women than either the Hebrew Bible or the New Testament.She began a more rigorous and nuanced study of this verse after equippingherself with the necessary academic tools and analytic skills during her universitystudies. Frustrated with the shallow responses and the scholars’ circumspectionas regards any creative and novel reading of the verse for fearof losing their status in the community, she decided to do so herself with thehope of discovering views that would promote an egalitarian reading ...

‘Higher then to her no bookes doe reach’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Vandrei
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
James I ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Do So

This chapter and the following both draw the reader into seventeenth-century understandings of the past, and of Boudica in particular, and makes clear that in a time before disciplines, writers of ‘history’ were erudite commentators, immersed in political thought, the classical world, and contemporary ideas, as well as in drama, poetry, and the law. Chapter 1 shows the subtleties of Boudica’s place in history at this early stage by giving sustained attention to the work of Edmund Bolton (1574/5–c.1634), the first person to analyse the written and material evidence for Boudica’s deeds, and the last to do so in depth before the later nineteenth century. Bolton’s distaste for contemporary philosophy and his loyalty to James I were highly influential in determining the way the antiquary approached Boudica and her rebellion; but equally important was Bolton’s deep understanding of historical method and the strictures this placed on his interpretive latitude.

St Gregory of Nyssa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Anthony McGuckin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Family Members ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
Close Family

Chapter 1 gives Biographical background and studies the historical context(s) of Gregory of Nyssa and his close family members, situating them as aristocratic and long-established Christian leaders of the Cappadocian area. It offers along with the course of Gregory’s Vita a general outline of the main philosophical and religious controversies of his era, particularly his ecclesiastical involvement in the Neo-Nicene apologetical movement associated with the leadership of his brother Basil (of Caesarea), which he himself inherited in Cappadocia, with imperial approval, after 380. It concludes with a review of Gregory’s significance as author: in terms of his style as a writer, his work as an exegete, his body of spiritual teaching, and lastly, the manner in which his reputation waxed and waned from antiquity to the present.

scholarly journals Linking Urban Tree Cover Change and Local History in a Post-Industrial City

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Lara A. Roman ◽  
Indigo J. Catton ◽  
Eric J. Greenfield ◽  
Hamil Pearsall ◽  
Theodore S. Eisenman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Local History ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Tree ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Post Industrial

Municipal leaders are pursuing ambitious goals to increase urban tree canopy (UTC), but there is little understanding of the pace and socioecological drivers of UTC change. We analyzed land cover change in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (United States) from 1970–2010 to examine the impacts of post-industrial processes on UTC. We interpreted land cover classes using aerial imagery and assessed historical context using archival newspapers, agency reports, and local historical scholarship. There was a citywide UTC increase of +4.3 percentage points. Substantial UTC gains occurred in protected open spaces related to both purposeful planting and unintentional forest emergence due to lack of maintenance, with the latter phenomenon well-documented in other cities located in forested biomes. Compared to developed lands, UTC was more persistent in protected open spaces. Some neighborhoods experienced substantial UTC gains, including quasi-suburban areas and depopulated low-income communities; the latter also experienced decreasing building cover. We identified key processes that drove UTC increases, and which imposed legacies on current UTC patterns: urban renewal, urban greening initiatives, quasi-suburban developments, and (dis)investments in parks. Our study demonstrates the socioecological dynamism of intra-city land cover changes at multi-decadal time scales and the crucial role of local historical context in the interpretation of UTC change.

scholarly journals Representing, commemorating, and memorizing terrorist attacks: Discussing the US and French experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 263300242110244
Author(s):  
Alice M. Greenwald ◽  
Clifford Chanin ◽  
Henry Rousso ◽  
Michel Wieviorka ◽  
Mohamed-Ali Adraoui
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Do So

How do societies and states represent the historical, moral, and political weight of the terrorist attacks they have had to face? Having suffered in recent years from numerous terrorist attacks on their soil originating from jihadist movements, and often led by actors who were also their own citizens, France and the United States have set up—or seek to do so—places of memory whose functions, conditions of creation, modes of operation, and nature of the messages sent may vary. Three of the main protagonists and initiators of two museum-memorial projects linked to terrorist attacks have agreed to deliver their visions of the role and of the political, social, and historical context in which these projects have emerged. Allowing to observe similarities and differences between the American and French approach, this interview sheds light on the place of memory and feeling in societies struck by tragic events and seeking to cure their ills through memory and commemoration.

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