Establishing an International Standards Framework and Action Research Agenda for Workplace Readiness and Success

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliya Golubovich ◽  
Rong Su ◽  
Steven B. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Transferable Skills ◽  
Workplace Readiness ◽  
Critical Skills ◽  
Skill Requirements

Employers both in the United States and internationally are facing difficulties hiring workers who meet the skill requirements of 21st century jobs. This chapter focuses on the skill requirements of middle-skill jobs and argues for building a talent supply chain with standards that workforce entrants need to meet. The chapter provides a framework summarizing these skill requirements. By establishing a framework of critical skills for workplace readiness, identifying valid assessments of these skills, and defining expected skill levels for a targeted subset of jobs, expectations of what it means to be ready for the workplace can be articulated and education and business systems can communicate using a common set of standards. These activities will help link a “broken” talent supply chain by bridging education and work systems and by encouraging individuals to seek out transferable skills as they seek livable wage jobs and meaningful employment.

Cooperative trust and trustworthiness in China and the United States: Does guanxi make a difference?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hanjing Huang ◽  
Pei-Luen Patrick Rau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Special Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Different Cultures

Our aim was to investigate and compare the effects of cooperating with either a friend or a stranger in a business context on trust and trustworthiness in 2 different cultures. In China, guanxi is a special form of personal relationship in which the exchange partners bond through reciprocal obligations. We conducted cooperation experiments based on the supply chain task in which Chinese and U.S. participants cooperated with their friends and with strangers. The results indicated that both Chinese and U.S. participants had higher levels of trust and trustworthiness for their friends than for strangers. Moreover, Chinese participants made a stronger distinction between friends and strangers than did U.S. participants. In addition, Chinese participants had lower levels of trust and trustworthiness than did U.S. participants. The cooperation experiments enrich the theoretical field of investigating the effects of personal relationships on cooperative trust and trustworthiness, and provide practical value to the management of business cooperation in different cultures.

Audit Practices of PricewaterhouseCoopers

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry N. Winograd ◽  
James S. Gerson ◽  
Barbara L. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Federation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
International Firms ◽  
New Development ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
Audit Approach

This paper discusses the development of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit Approach (PwCAA), identifies distinctive features of this approach, and provides information on new development areas. The discussion will provide a summary of each of these items and will focus on the distinctive features of the PwCAA. The article will not cover elements that appear to be consistent with other firm methodologies. Significant consistencies exist since all of the major international firms essentially operate under generally accepted auditing standards, i.e., the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as established by the International Federation of Accountants. In the United States, they also comply with generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) as established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).

scholarly journals Trends in educational mobility: How does China compare to Europe and the United States?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-240
Author(s):  
Rob J Gruijters ◽  
Tak Wing Chan ◽  
John Ermisch
Keyword(s):  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Educational Mobility ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Large Decline ◽  
Inequality Of Educational Opportunity

Despite an impressive rise in school enrolment rates over the past few decades, there are concerns about growing inequality of educational opportunity in China. In this article, we examine the level and trend of educational mobility in China, and compare them to the situation in Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA. Educational mobility is defined as the association between parents’ and children’s educational attainment. We show that China’s economic boom has been accompanied by a large decline in relative educational mobility chances, as measured by odds ratios. To elaborate, relative rates of educational mobility in China were, by international standards, quite high for those who grew up under state socialism. For the most recent cohorts, however, educational mobility rates have dropped to levels that are comparable to those of European countries, although they are still higher than the US level.

scholarly journals Global Value Chains’ Disaggregation through Supply Chain Collaboration, Market Turbulence, and Performance Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4151
Author(s):  
Amit Arora ◽  
Anshu Arora ◽  
Julius Anyu ◽  
John McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Supply Chain Collaboration ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Market Turbulence ◽  
Relational Outcomes

This research examines supply chain collaboration effects on organizational performance in global value chain (GVC) infrastructure by focusing on GVC disaggregation, market turbulence, inequality, market globalization, product diversity, exploitation, and technological breakthroughs. The research strives to develop a better understanding of global value chains through relational view, behavioral, and contingency theories along with institutional and stakeholder theories of supply chains. Based on conflicting insights from these theories, this research investigates how relationships and operational outcomes of collaboration fare when market turbulence is present. Data is obtained and analyzed from focal firms that are engaged in doing business in emerging markets (e.g., India), and headquartered in the United States. We investigate relational outcomes (e.g., trust, credibility, mutual respect, and relationship commitment) among supply chain partners, and found that these relational outcomes result in better operational outcomes (e.g., profitability, market share increase, revenue generation, etc.). From managerial standpoint, supply chain managers should focus on relational outcomes that can strengthen operational outcomes in GVCs resulting in stronger organizational performance. The research offers valuable insights for theory and practice of global value chains by focusing on the GVC disaggregation through the measurement of market turbulence, playing a key role in the success of collaborative buyer–supplier relationships (with a focus on US companies doing business in India) leading to an overall improved firm performance.

War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-411
Author(s):  
Chris Madsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strategic Procurement

Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.

scholarly journals Postharvest Supply Chain with Microbial Travelers: a Farm-to-Retail Microbial Simulation and Visualization Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Zoellner ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽  
Yrjo Grohn ◽  
Peter Jackson ◽  
Randy Worobo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Modeling Tool ◽  
Parameter Ranges

ABSTRACTFresh produce supply chains present variable and diverse conditions that are relevant to food quality and safety because they may favor microbial growth and survival following contamination. This study presents the development of a simulation and visualization framework to model microbial dynamics on fresh produce moving through postharvest supply chain processes. The postharvest supply chain with microbial travelers (PSCMT) tool provides a modular process modeling approach and graphical user interface to visualize microbial populations and evaluate practices specific to any fresh produce supply chain. The resulting modeling tool was validated with empirical data from an observed tomato supply chain from Mexico to the United States, including the packinghouse, distribution center, and supermarket locations, as an illustrative case study. Due to data limitations, a model-fitting exercise was conducted to demonstrate the calibration of model parameter ranges for microbial indicator populations, i.e., mesophilic aerobic microorganisms (quantified by aerobic plate count and here termed APC) and total coliforms (TC). Exploration and analysis of the parameter space refined appropriate parameter ranges and revealed influential parameters for supermarket indicator microorganism levels on tomatoes. Partial rank correlation coefficient analysis determined that APC levels in supermarkets were most influenced by removal due to spray water washing and microbial growth on the tomato surface at postharvest locations, while TC levels were most influenced by growth on the tomato surface at postharvest locations. Overall, this detailed mechanistic dynamic model of microbial behavior is a unique modeling tool that complements empirical data and visualizes how postharvest supply chain practices influence the fate of microbial contamination on fresh produce.IMPORTANCEPreventing the contamination of fresh produce with foodborne pathogens present in the environment during production and postharvest handling is an important food safety goal. Since studying foodborne pathogens in the environment is a complex and costly endeavor, computer simulation models can help to understand and visualize microorganism behavior resulting from supply chain activities. The postharvest supply chain with microbial travelers (PSCMT) model, presented here, provides a unique tool for postharvest supply chain simulations to evaluate microbial contamination. The tool was validated through modeling an observed tomato supply chain. Visualization of dynamic contamination levels from harvest to the supermarket and analysis of the model parameters highlighted critical points where intervention may prevent microbial levels sufficient to cause foodborne illness. The PSCMT model framework and simulation results support ongoing postharvest research and interventions to improve understanding and control of fresh produce contamination.

The Labor Market Skills of Recent Male Immigrants: Evidence from the Current Population Survey

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Funkhouser ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Using Data

Using data from special supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), the authors track the education and hourly earnings of recent male immigrants to the United States. In terms of these measures of labor market skills, the CPS data suggest that immigrants who came in the late 1980s were more skilled than those who arrived earlier in the decade. This pattern represents a break from the steady decline in immigrant skill levels observed in 1940–80 Census data. Despite the encouraging trend over the 1980s, however, the average skills of recent immigrants remain low by historical standards.

Washington will rethink its foreign chip strategy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Technology Competition ◽  
Business In China

Significance Follow-on action from Washington and responses from foreign actors will shape the US government’s adversarial policy towards China in semiconductors and other strategic technologies. Impacts The Biden administration will likely conclude that broad-based diversion of the semiconductor supply chain away from China is not feasible. The United States will rely on export controls and political pressure to prevent diffusion to China of cutting-edge chip technologies. The United States will focus on persuading foreign semiconductor leaders to help develop US capabilities, thereby staying ahead of China. Washington will focus on less direct approaches to strategic technology competition with China, notably technical standards-setting. Industry leaders in the semiconductor supply chain worldwide will continue expanding business in China in less politically sensitive areas.

The impact of counterfeit risk management on healthcare supply chain performance: an empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Falasca ◽  
Scott Dellana ◽  
William J. Rowe ◽  
John F. Kros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThis study develops and tests a model exploring the relationship between supply chain (SC) counterfeit risk management and performance in the healthcare supply chain (HCSC).Design/methodology/approachIn the proposed theoretical model, HCSC counterfeit risk management is characterized by HCSC counterfeit risk orientation (HCRO), HCSC counterfeit risk mitigation (HCRM) and HCSC risk management integration (HRMI), while performance is represented by healthcare logistics performance (HLP) and healthcare organization overall performance (HOP). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and survey data from 55 HCSC managers are used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsHCRO has a significant positive effect on HCRM, while HCRM has a positive impact on HRMI. With respect to HLP, HCRM has a nonsignificant effect, while HRMI has a significant impact, thus confirming the important mediating role of HRMI. Finally, HLP has a significant positive effect on the overall performance of healthcare organizations.Research limitations/implicationsAll study participants were from the United States, limiting the generalizability of the study findings to different countries or regions. The sample size employed in the study did not allow the authors to distinguish among the different types of healthcare organizations.Originality/valueThis study delineates between a healthcare organization's philosophy toward counterfeiting risks vs actions taken to eliminate or reduce the impact of counterfeiting on the HCSC. By offering firm-level guidance for managers, this study informs healthcare organizations about addressing the challenge of counterfeiting in the HCSC.

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