Occupation and the Risk Message Recipient

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Occupational Patterns

Responding to health messages about environmental risks and risky behaviors requires adjustments to what individuals do: how they organize and perform occupations, and their understanding of what occupations mean—for themselves and others. Encouraging people to make a change means influencing what they want to do, the possibilities open to them, and societal support and demand for healthful ways of life. Bringing an occupational perspective to the design of risk messages will generate new insights into the complexities of everyday occupations, revealing the dynamic territory into which health messages are targeted. Occupation, or everyday doing, is described as the means by which people experience their very nature, become what they have the potential to be, and sustain a sense of belonging in family, community and society. To influence what people do, designers of health messages are encouraged to consider what engages people in occupations and keeps them engaged; the identity and cultural meanings expressed through occupation; the exhilaration of challenge and risk; the satisfactions of competence and flow experiences that keep people engaged in what they are doing; whether or not people are fit and prepared for the occupations they embark on and what happens when they are not; and the pull of habits and routines, which hold existing patterns of occupation in place. Equally, health message designers need to engage with the occupational science literature, which recognizes how people are shaped toward particular occupations and occupational identities by social policy, institutional practices, and media messages. That means questioning the rhetoric that occupations are freely chosen, rather than shaped and patterned by the historical, sociocultural, political, and geographic context. Simultaneously, health message designers need to recognize that individuals incorporate specific occupations and occupational patterns into their lifestyle and sense of self, believing they have a measure of control over what they do while rationalizing failure to make health-supporting changes.

scholarly journals Worksite Wellness

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Larry W. Anenson, Jr. ◽  
Ardith Brunt ◽  
Donna Terbizan ◽  
Bryan Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mail Address ◽  
To Receive ◽  
E Mail

The purpose of this 38-week, quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of one weekly e-mail health (e-health) message that utilized the World Health Organization’s seven dimensions of wellness. Employees from a large Midwestern city were recruited and divided into two groups based on their desire to receive additional health information. The participants in each group were then randomly assigned to receive basic or detailed e-health messages. The basic e-health message consisted of an e-mail with health tips for the specific topic; whereas the detailed message included the basic message plus links to games, surveys, and websites to supplement the basic message. Those lacking an e-mail address comprised the control group, and did not receive any e-health messages. A total of 46 employees completed both assessments and comprised the analytic sample. Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in unmotivated participants receiving the detailed messages (-2.1 mmHg, p=0.04). Across all groups, at-risk participants (blood pressure ? 140/90 mm/Hg or body mass index ? 25 kg/m2) showed greatest improvement with significant drops in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Detailed ehealth messages may be an effective approach to assist employees who are at-risk for chronic disease.

Doing Occupational Justice: A Central Dimension of Everyday Occupational Therapy Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Antoine L. Bailliard ◽  
Aaron R. Dallman ◽  
Amanda Carroll ◽  
Ben D. Lee ◽  
Susan Szendrey
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Occupational Justice

Background. The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) and the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) state that occupational justice is part of the domain of occupational therapy and that occupational justice is “an aspect of contexts and environments and an outcome of intervention” (AOTA, 2014, p. S9). Key Issues. Despite the increasing focus on justice in the occupational therapy and the occupational science literature, many practitioners in traditional settings do not see its relevance to their everyday practice (Galvin, Wilding, & Whiteford, 2011) or have difficulty envisioning how to enact a justice-informed practice. Purpose. This paper demonstrates how occupational justice is germane to all settings of occupational therapy, and how it can be enacted at micro, meso, and macro levels of occupational therapy practice. Implications. We argue that occupational therapy is a justice-oriented profession at its core and will discuss how occupational justice can be enacted at all levels of practice.

The value of sponsor fit and sincerity when promoting health messages at sport and art events

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rosenberg ◽  
L Lester ◽  
C Maitland ◽  
R Teal
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Government Organizations

Abstract Commercial companies invest in sport and arts sponsorship to align their brand with highly engaged spectators. Competing for spectator attention are government and non-government organizations promoting healthy lifestyles. This study investigated spectator engagement on the effectiveness of health messages promoted at sponsored events. Surveys from 2165 adults attending 28 sponsored events collected data on event engagement, health message awareness, behavioral intention, and perceptions of sponsor fit and sincerity. Spectators who were more highly engaged in the event showed significantly greater levels of awareness and acceptance of the health message (all P < 0.01). Path analysis showed that product and event interest were significantly related to both fit and sincerity, and perceived sponsorship fit was significantly associated with greater behavioral intention (all P < 0.01). Product, category and event interest, fit and sincerity were significantly greater for positive advocacy messages than neutral or negative advocacy messages (all P < 0.05). Health message sponsorship is assisted by spectator engagement and perceived fit of sponsored health messages. There exists greater potential to actively leverage spectator engagement to build or reinforce the perceived fit and sincerity of health messages to strengthen existing awareness and behavioral intention.

scholarly journals Genetic health messages in the mass media: Do the general public perceive non-personalized genetic health message as personally relevant?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-956
Author(s):  
Chris M. R. Smerecnik ◽  
Ilse Mesters ◽  
Math J. J. M. Candel ◽  
Hein Vries ◽  
Nanne K. Vries
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Health Message ◽  
The Mass Media

scholarly journals Reception of health messages: effects of stigmatization and forcefulness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Schnepper ◽  
J Blechert ◽  
F M Stok
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Diet-related health messages often use scare tactics and negative imagery. However, they show limited effectiveness. Improving these messages is important to prevent further increases of obesity rates and consequential sicknesses. When designing a health message, image choice and wording are central. Controversy revolves around the use of stigmatizing images. Body weight influences the effect of stigma on the participants, and detrimental effects are observable in individuals with overweight. Wording has to be concrete but not too forceful. Methods In this study, female subjects (N = 162) saw a stigmatizing versus non-stigmatizing health message with forceful versus non-forceful wording (2 × 2-design). Effects on a virtual food choice task (healthy versus unhealthy), diet intentions and concerns to be stigmatized were assessed. Results In the non-stigmatizing and non-forceful condition, participants made the highest number of healthy food choices. In the two stigma conditions, higher body mass index correlated with higher concern to be stigmatized, highlighting the adverse effect a health message can have. Conclusions In a female student sample, a non-stigmatizing and non-forceful text had the most positive effect on healthy food choices without evoking concerns to be stigmatized. This should be considered when promoting a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Public Health Messages Associated with the Low Exposure Category of the UV Index Need Reconsideration

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lehmann ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
Henner Sandmann ◽  
Wolfgang Uter ◽  
Olaf Gefeller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Exposure Category ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Public Health Messages

Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The Global Solar Ultraviolet Index (UVI) was introduced as a tool to visualize the intensity of UV radiation on a certain day which should enable and encourage people to take appropriate protective measures. The exposure category ‘low’ of the UVI, including values from 0 to 2, was linked to the health message ‘No protection required’ by the World Health Organization and collaborating centres. However, published evidence corroborating this advice is scarce. Therefore, we analysed ambient erythemal irradiance data of 14,431 daily UVI time series of low UVI days. Data were gathered at nine stations of the German solar UV monitoring networkcovering all major climate areas in Germanyin the years 2007–2016. We compared ambient erythemal doses calculated for various time intervals with average minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of the Caucasian Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I-IV to assess the potential for skin damage arising from sun exposure on days with low UVI values. The most common months for the occurrence of days with low UVI values in our dataset were January and December, February and November, and March and October for UVI 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Our results indicate that on days with a UVI value of 0, risk of deterministic radiation injury (solar erythema) is negligible. Conversely, the above-mentioned health message appears misleading when melano-compromised individuals spend several hours outdoors on days with a UVI value of 2, as median doses exceed the MEDs of Fitzpatrick skin types I and II after an exposure duration of only 2 h around solar noon. Under very rare specific circumstances, MEDs of those two most sensitive skin types can also be exceeded even on days with UVI 1. Hence, two aspects of current public health messages may need reconsideration: on the one hand, the health message related to an ‘innocuous level’ of the UVI and, on the other hand, a possible adaption of UVI-related health messages to different skin types.

Construction of Self and the Other in the Accounts of Polish Travellers to Post-Soviet Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Horolets
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
Individual Choices

Travel is one of the important modes of identity construction. It is influenced by individual choices as well as by macro-contexts of institutional practices and changes. Based on the study of the accounts of young middle-class Polish travellers to the former Soviet Union countries, this article attempts to demonstrate the ways in which macro-processes of systemic transformation and European integration affect the identity-building processes. After offering a discussion of the cultural meanings of emphasising the uniqueness of their experience and difference from 'mainstream tourists' by the travellers, the article turns to the interpretation of the role of the encounter with local dwellers as an important identity-formation related experience. The analysis of the acceptance or rejection of food from local dwellers demonstrates the ambiguous attitude of travellers to the local dwellers and attempts to place this ambiguity in the macro-context.

scholarly journals The Concept of Oppression and Occupational Therapy: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110511
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Pooley ◽  
Brenda L. Beagan
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Critical Interpretive Synthesis

Background. Occupational therapy and occupational science literature include growing attention to issues of justice, marginalization, and rights. In contrast, the concept of oppression has scarcely been employed. Purpose. This paper investigates how adding the concept of oppression may enhance occupational therapy approaches to injustice, prioritizing a focus on structural causes, and facilitating conscientious action. Method. A critical interpretive synthesis explored insights from authors who name oppressions in occupational therapy and occupational science literature. In total, a sample of 28 papers addressing oppression, ableism, ageism, classism, colonialism, heterosexism, racism, and/or sexism was selected for inclusion. Findings. Four themes were identified: oppression and everyday doing; effects of structures and power; responding and resisting; and oppression within occupational therapy. Implications. Incorporating oppression within the plurality of social discourse may help occupational therapists to avoid individualistic explanations, attend to relationships between social structures and constrained occupations, frame intersectional analysis, and engage in praxis.

scholarly journals Ciência Ocupacional e Terapia Ocupacional: algumas reflexões/ Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy: some reflections

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-663
Author(s):  
Elson Ferreira Costa ◽  
Luiza Souza Monteiro Oliveira ◽  
Victor Augusto Cavaleiro Corrêa ◽  
Otávio Augusto De Araujo Costa Folha
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Form Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historia De Vida

A ocupação é composta de ações com propósitos e significados, nas quais as pessoas se engajam no cotidiano e estruturam suas vidas. Estas ações agregam significados pessoais e culturais e são influenciadas pelo histórico de vida de cada indivíduo. Desta forma, este artigo objetivou por meio de uma reflexão teórica compreender as ocupações sob os pressupostos da Ciência Ocupacional e sua relação com a Terapia Ocupacional. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa como aporte metodológico. Os resultados apontam que uma das linhas pioneiras de investigação desenvolvidas no contexto da à Ciência Ocupacional que focaliza a forma, a função e o significado da ocupação. A Ciência Ocupacional trata de questões universais e singulares sobre a ocupação, com possibilidades de aplicação à Terapia Ocupacional. Assim, esta disciplina pode ser uma fonte rica de evidências para esta profissão.Abstract The occupation is composed of purposeful and meaningful actions in which people engage in daily live. These add personal e cultural meanings that are influenced by the life history of each one. Thus, this article aimed through a theoretical understanding the  occupations under the aegis of assumptions of Occupational Science and its relation to occupational therapy. It is a study of narrative revision as method. The results show that a line of research of the Occupational Science that focuses on form, function and meaning of the occupation. Occupational Science issues universal and unique about occupation, with possibilities of application to Occupational Therapy. Thus, this discipline can be a source for evidence for this profession.Keywords: Science; Occupations; Occupational therapy. Resumen La ocupación se compone de acciones con propósito y significado, en el que las personas se dedican a la vida cotidiana y estructurar sus vidas. Estas acciones se suman los significados personales y culturales y son influenciados por la historia de vida de cada individuo. Por lo tanto, este artículo dirigido a través de una reflexión teórica entender las ocupaciones, bajo los auspicios de los supuestos de Ciencia de la Ocupación y su relación con la terapia ocupacional. Se trata de un estudio de revisión narrativa como método. Los resultados apuntan que una de las líneas de investigación desarrolladas en la Ciencia Ocupacional es la que enfoca la forma, la función y el significado de la ocupación. La Ciencia Ocupacional trata de cuestiones universales y singulares sobre la ocupación, con posibilidades de aplicación a la Terapia Ocupacional. Así, esta disciplina puede ser una fuente de evidencia para esta profesión.Palabras-clave: Ciencia; Ocupaciones; Terapia ocupacional.

scholarly journals Reactance to Social Authority in a Sugar Reduction Informational Video: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial of 4013 Participants (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Hachaturyan ◽  
Maya Adam ◽  
Caterina Favaretti ◽  
Merlin Greuel ◽  
Jennifer Gates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Social Authority ◽  
Sugar Reduction

BACKGROUND Short and animated story-based (SAS) videos can be an effective strategy for promoting health messages. However, health promotion strategies often motivate the rejection of health messages, a phenomenon known as reactance. In this study, we examine whether the child narrator of a SAS video (perceived as nonthreatening, with low social authority) minimizes reactance to a health message about the consumption of added sugars. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether our SAS intervention video attenuates reactance to the sugar message when compared with a content placebo video (a health message about sunscreen) and a placebo video (a nonhealth message about earthquakes) and determine if the child narrator is more effective at reducing reactance to the sugar message when compared with the mother narrator (equivalent social authority to target audience) or family physician narrator (high social authority) of the same SAS video. METHODS This is a web-based randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention video about sugar reduction narrated by a child, the child’s mother, or the family physician with a content placebo video about sunscreen use and a placebo video about earthquakes. The primary end points are differences in the antecedents to reactance (proneness to reactance, threat level of the message), its components (anger and negative cognition), and outcomes (source appraisal and attitude). We performed analysis of variance on data collected (N=4013) from participants aged 18 to 59 years who speak English and reside in the United Kingdom. RESULTS Between December 9 and December 11, 2020, we recruited 38.62% (1550/4013) men, 60.85% (2442/4013) women, and 0.52% (21/4013) others for our study. We found a strong causal relationship between the persuasiveness of the content promoted by the videos and the components of reactance. Compared with the placebo (mean 1.56, SD 0.63) and content placebo (mean 1.76, SD 0.69) videos, the intervention videos (mean 1.99, SD 0.83) aroused higher levels of reactance to the message content (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). We found no evidence that the child narrator (mean 1.99, SD 0.87) attenuated reactance to the sugar reduction message when compared with the physician (mean 1.95, SD 0.79; <i>P</i>=.77) and mother (mean 2.03, SD 0.83; <i>P</i>=.93). In addition, the physician was perceived as more qualified, reliable, and having more expertise than the child (<i>P&lt;</i>.001) and mother (<i>P&lt;</i>.001) narrators. CONCLUSIONS Although children may be perceived as nonthreatening messengers, we found no evidence that a child narrator attenuated reactance to a SAS video about sugar consumption when compared with a physician. Furthermore, our intervention videos, with well-intended goals toward audience health awareness, aroused higher levels of reactance when compared with the placebo videos. Our results highlight the challenges in developing effective interventions to promote persuasive health messages. CLINICALTRIAL German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00022340; https://tinyurl.com/mr8dfena INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/25343

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