Mariama Ba

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad T. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mariama Ba ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Global Feminism ◽  
So Long A Letter

Mariama Ba was a renowned feminist, author, and advocate for women’s rights in her home country of Senegal, Africa, and globally. After attending and thriving at the French École Normale postsecondary school for girls, Ba became a teacher and education inspector for many years. Ba went on to write two novels: So Long a Letter, originally published in 1979, and Scarlet Song, published in 1981. Both novels are critical of polygamy in African life and examine the various ways in which women deal with similar situations, celebrate sisterhood, and demonstrate that there is no right or wrong way to be a feminist. Mariama Ba’s texts demonstrate clear criticism of the polygamous society she grew up in and the abuse of religion by some men to further their agenda. Ba’s essay, “The Political Functions of Written African Literatures,” describes her belief that a writer should be political and serve as a critic of surrounding society and misogynist practices. Mariama Ba’s personal life clearly influenced her written works, a topic that has been thoroughly examined in much of the scholarly literature that has been written about her. Ba did not try to define feminism. Rather, she understood that it is different for every woman and is a reflection of background, culture, history, and religion. Ba believed it was her mission as a writer to be a voice for the most vulnerable members of society. Ba was a leader in emerging global feminism and created written works that discussed topics that cross cultural barriers and demonstrate the unity of humanity.

Opening a Political Opportunity for Women in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Jose Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Transnational Feminism ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Global Feminism

Currently, feminist activists in China face significant political and cultural barriers to achieving gender equality. These activists require that a political opportunity develop allowing them fundamentally alter the barriers impeding their progress. In this essay, I examine the works of several prominent feminist theorists to cultivate a solution for this problem and apply these findings to the current political and social contexts of China. I propose that a unification of global feminism, transnational feminism, and local feminism is a necessity to properly develop the political opportunity window in China. Transnational feminism must act as a bridge between the isolated local feminists within the country and the academic-based constituency of global feminism. Transnational activists have to integrate the teachings of global feminists theorists into their efforts to aid the Chinese feminists. This methodological framework unites global feminists theories, intersectional analysis, human rights framing, and mobilizing structures to bolster the influence of women’s activists in China, despite oppressive conditions. Finally, I examine several alternative theoretical perspectives and explain why each was not utilized or is not applicable to this situation.

Indian Historical Writing since 1947

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Indian Perspective

This chapter focuses on Indian historical writing. The end of colonial rule in 1947 was a turning point in Indian historical writing and culture. History emerged as a professional discipline with the establishment of new state-sponsored institutions of research and teaching. Attached to the institutionalization was the political imperative of a newly independent nation in search of a coherent and comprehensive historical narrative to support its nation-building efforts. At the same time, there was a desire to establish an autonomous Indian perspective, free of colonial constraints and distortions. In this, post-independence historiography owed much to earlier strands of nationalist historiography. During the first two decades after independence, three main trajectories of historical writing emerged: an official and largely secular nationalist historiography, a cultural nationalist historiography with strong religious overtones, and a critical Marxist trajectory based on analyses of social forms.

Israel's Military Aid to Africa, 1960–66

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recipient Government ◽  
The Military

DURING the late 1950S and early 19605, Israel mounted an active campaign of aid to Africa, which took three main forms: technical help in agriculture, joint commercial ventures, and military assistance. Of the three, the military and quasi-military programmes made the most considerable mark in Africa;1 they were also an important part of Israel's overall foreign policy, in an attempt to gain political influence through military aid, and thus to help overcome her isolation in the Middle East. Israel's military assistance to Africa illustrates several important aspects of foreign aid. This article deals mainly with the political motives of the donor country, and the various ways in which it may be concerned to influence the actions of the recipient government. Later, there is some discussion of the social and cultural barriers to the transfer of military and para-military organisations from one culture to another.

Career satisfaction antecedents of professional accounting returnees in international workplaces: an employee experience perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Thi Thuy Ho ◽  
Hung Trong Hoang ◽  
Pi-Shen Seet ◽  
Janice Jones ◽  
Nhat Tan Pham
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Employee Experience ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of career satisfaction of professional accounting returnees who have studied and/or worked abroad and then returned to work in different types of international workplaces in their home country.Design/methodology/approachA survey of professional accounting returnees in Vietnam was undertaken and multiple regression analysis was applied to test the proposed relationships.FindingsThis study finds that career satisfaction is affected by career fit, career sacrifice, types of international workplaces (domestically headquartered firms versus globally headquartered firms) and cross-cultural work readjustment. Further, cross-cultural work readjustment partially mediates the effect of career fit and career sacrifice on career satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe research provides the basis for designing career-related employee experiences to support career satisfaction of professional accounting returnees.Originality/valueThis study integrates dimensions of career embeddedness with cross-cultural work readjustment and employee experiences, which are normally studied separately, in different types of international workplaces. It contributes to the limited research on contributors to well-being in the form of career satisfaction among professional returnees in an emerging economy.

scholarly journals Stepmother and stepson: Duchess Matilda in the power struggle after the death of her husband Barnim I, the Duke of Pomerania

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Mariola Freza‑Olczyk
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
General Information ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Political Situation

This essay presents the diplomatic relations between the Pomeranian Duke Bogusław IV and his stepmother, Duchess Matilda. Bogusław was the first son of Duke Barnim I and his second wife, Duchess Margaret of Mecklenburg. The first aim is to describe some general information relating to their personal life. Another crucial objective is to explore in greater detail the political situation in the Duchy of Pomerania towards the end of the 13th century and in the early 14th century. This is a complex problem because of the numerous conflicets between Duke Bogusław IV and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. His stepmother, Duchess Matilda, was a daughter of Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg. This fact had an immense influence on their diplomatic relations. In 1295, the Duchy of Pomerania was divided between Duke Bogusław IV and his half‑brother, Otto I. According to this agreement, Bogusław received Wolgast, and Otto Szczecin. The paper shows that in all likelihood Duchess Matilda contributed to this division of the duchy.

scholarly journals Negotiating the Political Ecology of Aboriginal Resource Management: How Mi'kmaq Manage Their Moose and Lobster Harvest in Unama'ki, Nova Scotia, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bernard Huber
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication

<p>Since the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed the fishing and hunting rights of the Mi'kmaq nation in 1985 and 1990, the government has failed to accommodate these in appropriate and effective resource management frameworks. In Unama'ki/Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, the subsistence harvest of lobster and moose by Mi'kmaq has therefore caused cross-cultural conflict and ecological concerns. Since 2006, the Lobster Management Plan (Unama'kik Jakejue'ka'timk) and the Moose Management Plan are being developed under Mi'kmaq leadership to manage the Mi'kmaq harvest communally. These innovative management initiatives will serve as case studies for this thesis to explore how Mi'kmaq negotiate the political ecology of co-management in Nova Scotia and effectively assert Mi'kmaq rights to resource harvest and selfgovernance. Most notably, the management plans employ cultural principles of sustainability and pro-active approaches to cross-cultural communication. This research shows how Mi'kmaq communities have developed resource management capacities and frameworks that can also inspire the self-government aspirations of other aboriginal nations in Canada. Mi'kmaq strategies and experience suggests that aboriginal leadership and cultural principles are integral to the meaningful implementation of aboriginal resource rights. Semi-structured interviews with Mi'kmaq and governmental resource managers illustrated diverse discourses of aboriginal resource rights, ecological knowledge and sustainability. Aiming to represent research insights appropriately, this thesis follows the decolonization agenda of aboriginal methodologies and features reflective discussions of the author's positionality within the Mi'kmaq research community. This also allows for a review of how the author came to terms with conflicting discourses and aboriginal ontologies of ecological knowledge, as well as the requirements for decolonizing research. Supporting reflective insights, a framework of anthropological political ecology and poststructuralist arguments for ontological diversity explain the validity of aboriginal perspectives on ecological knowledge and resource rights, which is the premise of decolonization paradigms. A review of engaging with aboriginal culture both in theory and practice concludes that the practical experience is essential for an appreciation of aboriginal perspectives and thus integral to cross-cultural communication and co-management relationships.</p>

Each Man's Father Served as his Teacher: Constructing Relatedness in Pliny's Letters: In loving memory of Harry Bernstein (1913––2008)

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cultural Project ◽  
Exemplary Model

Recent scholarship has examined Pliny's efforts to embed his acts of patronage in the rhetorical context of paternity. This paper examines how Pliny employs the discourse of paternity in representing himself as a mentor and exemplary model for young men, with particular focus on Book 8 of the Letters. Though he lacks a child or adoptive heir himself, Pliny embeds his work in a tradition in which Roman writers from the Elder Cato onward presented literary authority as coextensive with paternal authority. In Ep. 8.14, Pliny presents an idealized image of education by fathers or paternal surrogates that legitimates both his receipt of benefits from his mentors and his own efforts to instruct young men in the manner of a father. Pliny presents his published work as a model for Genialis in Ep. 8.13 and his personal life as an example for Junius Avitus in Ep. 8.23. Ep. 8.10, 11 and 18 provide further contexts for Pliny's discourse of paternity. Two additional examples of the creation of relatedness in elite Roman culture (interactions with caregivers and the experience of contubernium) are briefly discussed. I consider in conclusion how study of Pliny's Letters may contribute to the larger cross-cultural project of understanding how otherwise unrelated persons, through informal activities such as mentorship, may construct relationships more salient to them than their biological or legal kinships.

Servant-Leadership with Cultural Dimensions in Cross-Cultural Settings

2014 ◽  
pp. 48-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Leadership Characteristics ◽  
Organizational Failure

This chapter demonstrates how the power of servant-leadership characteristics and nine cultural dimensions offer intercultural leaders increased capacity in cross-cultural workplaces. Servant-leadership characteristics are paired with cultural dimensions based on their corresponding commonalities to provide intercultural leaders potential tools and strategies to successfully ameliorate cultural barriers, to productively navigate cultural differences, and to build an organizational culture of inclusion, collaboration, and participation. The main objective of the chapter is to increase intercultural leader capacity to lead in culturally mixed organizations, be they domestic or international, resulting in minimizing or avoiding institutional or organizational failure.

Scaling Up HIV/AIDS Care Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cross-Cultural Barriers

2013 ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damalie Nakanjako ◽  
Florence Maureen Mirembe ◽  
Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya ◽  
Alex Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Up ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Ethical Implications of Cultural Barriers to the Depression Diagnosis: Conversations with Primary Care Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-701
Author(s):  
Diana Cagliero
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Ethical Implications

This article explores ethical issues raised by Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) when diagnosing depression and caring for cross-cultural patients. This study was conducted in three primary care clinics within a major metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. The PCPs were from a variety of ethnocultural backgrounds including South Asian, Hispanic, East Asian and Caucasian. While medical education training and guidelines aim to teach physicians about the nuances of cross-cultural patient interaction, PCPs report that past experiences guide them in navigating cross-cultural conversations and patient care. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven PCPs which were transcribed and underwent thematic analysis to explore how patients’ cultural backgrounds and understanding of depression affected PCPs’ reasoning and diagnosing of depression in patients from different cultural backgrounds. Ethical issues that arose included: limiting treatment options, expressing a patient’s mental health diagnosis in a biomedical sense to reduce stigma, and somatization of mental health symptoms. Ethical implications, such as lack of autonomy, unnecessary testing, and the possible misuse of healthcare resources are discussed.

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