6. ‘An Auschwitz every three months’

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-114
Author(s):  
Dan Stone
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Global South ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Meaningful Comparison ◽  
Dividing Line

‘ “An Auschwitz every three months”: to society as camp?’ examines the meaning and significance of the concentration camp. There is no single type of concentration camp and no clear dividing line between a concentration camp and other sites of incarceration. Are concentration camps ‘states of exception’ divorced from society and the rule of law, and, if so, do they therefore function as windows onto the deeper desires of modern states’ leaders or are they aberrant sites? Can a meaningful comparison be made between concentration camps such as those under the Nazi regime and refugee camps or detention centres? What about contemporary settings such as favelas, shanty-towns, and sweatshops in the global south?

scholarly journals IS THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE POSSIBLE IN THE DIGITAL AGE?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(65)) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Анатолий Васильевич НЕСТЕРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
World War ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Russian Federation

The development of scientific and technological progress, especially engineering products, metaphorically called «artificial intelligence technologies», led to the fact that some futurologists, forecasters and other visionaries began to warn about the end of the era of rule-of-law states and the future «digital slavery». Purpose: to consider the issues related to the metaphors «digital concentration camp» and «digital slavery» taking into account the adoption of the Federal Law «On a Single Federal Information Resource Containing Information about the Population of the Russian Federation», as well as other laws regulating legal relations in the so-called «digital environment», in particular, related to personal data. Therefore, legal scholars have a task to discuss what will happen to the rights of a person (a person and a citizen) so that humanity does not turn into «digital slaves», from whom the «digital identity» is stolen. Methods: the author applies a systematic approach and standard methods of legal analysis. Results: it is shown that these fears are not in vain, but human civilization will not allow the power of robots, a world war on self-destruction, and the emergence of what is called a digital concentration camp.

scholarly journals Continuities and Discontinuities: Antiziganism in Germany and Italy (1900-1938)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Jennifer Illuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
Legislative Policies ◽  
The Law

In both Germany and Italy before WWI, populations labelled as Gypsies found themselves in a “state of exception” which aimed at their elimination from the nation-state by targeting them with policies emanating from the executive. Both states adhered to the liberal idea of equality before the law, but used the flexibility provided by executive authority to pressure Gypsies to leave the state. After WWI, both Germany and Italy were forced to retain “Gypsies” inside the state as a result of changing geopolitical circumstances. However, in fascist Italy before WWII, executive authorities continued to operate in a “state of exception” and ceased adhering to the rule of law, interning Gypsies in concentration camps and seeking to eliminate them through forced assimilation. In Weimar Germany, legislative policies sought to eliminate Gypsies through bringing them inside of the law. The contradiction between increasingly racialized notion of Gypsy inassimilability and forced assimilation’s inevitable failures certainly laid the groundwork for extreme measures in both places during WWII.

scholarly journals Expropriations of Private Property for Economic ‘Development’ in the United States: Re-Thinking the Titling and Rule of Law Solutions to Land Grabs in the Global South

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Thomson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of

Mainstream discourses tend to treat land dispossession as a ‘developing’ country problem that arises due to weak/corrupt legal systems and inadequate property institutions. This article unsettles such discourses by examining expropriations for economic ‘development’ in the United States —a country typically deemed to have strong property institutions and a strong rule of law. Drawing on various examples, I propose that expropriation in the us is neither rigorously conditional nor particularly exceptional. While most ‘takings’ laws are supposed to restrict the State’s power, this restriction hinges on the definition of public use, purpose, necessity, or interest. And in many countries, including the us, these concepts are now defined broadly and vaguely so as to include private for-profit projects. Ultimately, the contents, interpretation, and application of the law are subject to social and political struggles; this point is habitually overlooked in the rule of law ‘solutions’ to land grabbing—. For these reasons, titling/registration programs and policies aimed at strengthening the rule of law, even if successful, are likely to transform rather than ‘solve’ dispossession in the global South.

scholarly journals THE MEMORY OF A 2ND WW CAMP: 3D MODELING USING THE COMBINATION OF HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2021 ◽  
pp. 875-882
Author(s):  
M. Koehl ◽  
Y. Seddik ◽  
A. Calay ◽  
J. Brangé ◽  
M. Landolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Hybrid Technologies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The Natzweiler-Struthof camp is the only concentration camp in France, in Alsace. In 1941, when the construction of this camp began, the Nazi regime had already set up several concentration camps in annexed territory. The purpose of this camp was mainly to intern the resistance considered dangerous for the regime. From a chronological point of view, the camp integrated in May 1941 its first prisoners. They were condemned to carry out inhumane work until the evacuation of the camp on September 2, 1944. The Natzweiler-Struthof camp was associated with a granite quarry where we can still find concrete foundations of old buildings as well as three galleries excavated with explosives. The digitization work aims to archive, analyze and understand the organization and operation to result in a 3D reconstruction of the site. In 2018, the Struthof site began a major restoration project. For the first time in this camp, an archaeological diagnosis was then made with the aim of understanding the still existing facilities and assuming the presence of other elements now destroyed. To deepen the knowledge on this camp, the Regional Administration of Cultural Affairs authorized in 2020 to carry out prospecting accompanied by a study of the built-up in an area still empty of research: the quarry. Currently, this part of the camp shows the remains of three buildings and three galleries. To know more about these elements and indirectly about the life of the camp and its prisoners, this study shows the approach adopted to prepare the 3D modeling of buildings and galleries.

Accountability in International Policing

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-117
Author(s):  
Katarina Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
West African ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
African Refugee

Accountability is critical in international policing. In order to be able to carry out its policing mandates, the UN needs to have competent and disciplined police officers subject to the rule of law. The UN has undertaken a host of measures to enhance accountability post reports of sexual exploitation and abuse in West African refugee camps in 2003. While prevention of misconduct is key, significant deficiencies remain in the legal framework for the accountability of UN police serving in post conflict countries. The UN needs to continue its work with Member States to close legal loopholes and ensure the accountability of its police so as to strengthen its ability to carry out its policing mandates. Further, the responsibility of the Organization may be incurred in respect of the acts and omissions of its police personnel.

Changing the rule of law

IEE Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Clifford Gray
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law

Changing the rule of law

IEE Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
H. Aspden
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law
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