6. Pesticides

2017 ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Graham Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Agricultural Yields ◽  
Global Population

Pesticides are organic chemicals produced by the agrochemical industry to improve agricultural yields and to fight crop disease. They include insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, which have proved vital in increasing food production for a global population that is expected to increase by 33 per cent over the next thirty-five years. ‘Pesticides’ explains that concerns over the effects of traditional pesticides have promoted research into designing safer and more environmentally friendly pesticides. It describes the research into different insecticides—organochlorine agents, methylcarbamates, organophosphates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids—before considering the search for new insecticides, which act on a range of different targets as a means of tackling resistance, and looking at fungicides and herbicides in more detail.

Food security in the 21st century and in the role of biotechnology

foresight ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pinstrup‐Andersen ◽  
Marc J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

Although global food production has consistently kept pace with population growth, the gap between food production and demand in certain parts of the world is likely to remain. More than 800 million people in developing countries lack access to a minimally adequate diet. Continued productivity gains are essential on the supply side, because global population will increase by 73 million people a year over the next two decades. In this article we assess the current global food situation, look at the prospects through to the year 2020, and outline the policies needed to achieve food security for all. Emphasis is on the role that agricultural biotechnology might play in reaching this goal.

Crop Disease Detection Using Data Science Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Shakti Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Classification Feature ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Agricultural Yields ◽  
Day By Day

Plant disease is a mutilation of the normal state of a plant that changes its essential quality and prevents a plant from performing to its actual potential. Due to drastic environment changes, plant diseases are growing day by day, which results the higher losses in quantity of agricultural yields. To prevent the loss in the crop yield, the timely disease identification is necessary. Monitoring the plant diseases without any digital mean makes it difficult to identify the disease correctly and timely. It requires more amounts of work, time, and great experience in the plant diseases. Automatic approach of image processing and applying the different data science techniques to classify the disease correctly is a good idea for this which includes acquisition, classification, feature extraction, pre-processing, and segmentation all are performed on the leaf images. This chapter will briefly discuss the data science techniques used for the classification of the images like SVM, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, ANN, and convolutional neural network (CNN).

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Saluran Irigasi Guna Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pertanian di Desa Jubel Kidul

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Prima Eko Agustyawan ◽  
Alma Amalia Sabilla
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Agriculture is a sector of economic development considering its function and role in providing food for the population, as well as the place where the livelihoods of the residents of Jubelkidul Village depend. To increase food yields, irrigation network management was held in Jubelkidul Village. Irrigation is the most important thing in the food production process. The development of the Jubelkidul irrigation area is carried out with the aim of maintaining the sustainability of irrigation water supply in the Jubelkidul area. Efforts that can be made to maintain the sustainability of the function of the irrigation area of ​​Jubelkidul Village in supporting increased agricultural yields are participatory management of irrigation areas through institutional empowerment of water-using farmers. agriculture in Jubelkidul Village. This research is descriptive qualitative research with survey method. The research location is the Jubelkidul irrigation area which includes 5 hamlets in the Sugio sub-district. The types of data used are primary and secondary data collected by field observations, and interviews. The results show that the irrigation management of Jubelkidul village on water use is influenced by the dimensions of location, time and certain qualities.

scholarly journals Innovative, sustainable, and circular agricultural systems for the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerold Rahmann ◽  
Khalid Azim ◽  
Irena Brányiková ◽  
Mahesh Chander ◽  
Wahyudi David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Global Population

AbstractThis special issue presents the outcomes from “Designing sustainable and circular agricultural systems for the year 2100,” the joint scientific workshop of ISOFAR, the Thünen-Institute, and INRA-Morocco, which was held from November 14 to 16, 2019 in Marrakesh, Morocco. Nineteen scientists from a broad array of background and nationalities came together with the understanding that food security globally is at risk, especially in the post-2050 timeframe. Current concepts, strategies, measures, and scientific efforts carried out by governments, NGOs, businesses, and societies do not deliver satisfying solutions for how to sustainably produce enough healthy and affordable food to support the global population. With the economic and social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, it became even more evident that food security is a challenge. This workshop took an innovative approach to addressing the challenges of future agriculture by considering sustainable, circular agricultural systems. Participants presented research results on algae-based food, edible insects, mushrooms, novel concepts for nutrient management, bioreactor-based farming, sustainable food culture, as well as sensor- and remote-controlled automatic food production. This special issue presents the papers contributed to the workshop and the results of the discussions.

scholarly journals Growth supression of plant pathogenic fungi using bryophite extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedeljko Latinovic ◽  
Marko S. Sabovljevic ◽  
Milorad Vujicic ◽  
Jelena Latinovic ◽  
Aneta D. Sabovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Long Time

Chemicals are often used in attempts to control diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi during food production. However, chemicals can have adverse effects not just on food, but they also remain active for a long time within ecosystems, and thus are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, development of bio-treatment and avoiding use of chemicals are urgently needed. With the aim of studying and developing new environmentally-friendly treatments, we tested extracts from selected bryophyte species (Porella platyphylla, Cinclidotus fontinaloides and Anomodon viticulosus) on five plant pathogenic fungi under controlled conditions. The fungi (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis viticola, Calosphaeria sp., Colletotrichum acutatum and Monilinia laxa) were selected based on common diseases they cause on fruits and grapevine. They were isolated in cultures and treated with bryophyte extracts. Bryophyte extracts were shown to be effective in suppression of certain plant pathogenic fungi growth and to have a huge potential in development of novel biotechnological treatments and biofungicides. The best results were achieved in inhibition of B. dothidea, P. viticola and Calosphaeria sp.

scholarly journals Extinderea gamei de preparate biologice de protecție a plantelor pentru agricultura convențională și ecologică

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Voloşciuc ◽  
◽  
Boris Pînzaru ◽  
Tatiana Scerbacova ◽  
Aurelia Stingaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Global Population

The global population is projected to increase by 30 % to 9,2 billion by 2050 and this increased population density is estimated to increase demand for food production by 70 %. One of the principal di-rections of biological plant protection is elaboration of technologies for production and application of bio-logical preparations for combat not only of the noxious insects but also of pathogen agents which cannot be efficiently combated by other means of biological control. This report presents the results of state reg-istration of 5 baculoviral, 1 bacterial and 3 fungal preparations for combating pest insects, phytopathogen agents and nematodes.

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