scholarly journals Factors associated with non-prescription of oral anticoagulant treatment in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with dementia: a CPRD–HES study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Besford ◽  
Sophie Graham ◽  
Cormac Sammon ◽  
Faisal Mehmud ◽  
Victoria Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dementia Patients

Abstract Dementia is a common comorbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and treatment guidelines recommend oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy for AF patients with dementia unless concordance cannot be ensured by the caregiver. Despite this, the literature reports a low prescribing of OAC treatment in these patients. This study investigated possible factors associated with non-prescribing of OAC treatment in dementia patients newly diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at age ≥ 65 years between 2013 and 2017 using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episodes Statistics databases. Of 1090 dementia patients newly diagnosed with NVAF, 693 (63.6%) patients did not have a prescription for an OAC in the year following their diagnosis. The likelihood of experiencing a thromboembolic event was high, with 97% of the population having a CHA2DS2-VASc score > 2; however, little difference in the presence of stroke risk factors was observed between the prescribed and non-prescribed groups. The presence of bleeding risk factors was high; only 28 (2.6%) of patients did not have a previous fall or a HAS-BLED bleeding risk factor. A history of falls [OR = 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (0.58, 0.98)], previous major bleed [OR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.43, 0.73)] and care home residence [OR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.30, 0.74)] were associated with not having an OAC prescription. The results suggest that dementia patients with NVAF and certain risk bleeding risk factors are less likely to be prescribed an OAC. Further work is needed to establish possible relationships between bleeding risk factors and other potential drivers of OAC prescribing.

scholarly journals Adverse prognosis of incidentally detected ambulatory atrial fibrillation

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (08) ◽  
pp. 276-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Martinez ◽  
Anja Katholing ◽  
Saul Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Antithrombotic Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Antiplatelet Treatment ◽  
Stroke Incidence

SummaryIt was the aim of this study to determine prognosis of incidentally detected ambulatory atrial fibrillation (IA-AF) and its response to antithrombotic therapy. We performed a cohort study of 5,555 patients with IA-AF (mean age 70.9 ± 10.1, 38.4% female) and 24,705 age- and gender-matched controls without AF followed three years using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We measured incidence rates of stroke, all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, major bleeding, and effect of antithrombotic therapy. Patients with IA-AF had mean CHA2DS2VASc score 2.5 ± 1.5, 73% with score ≥2. The stroke incidence rate (IR) was 19.4 (95% confidence interval 17.1 – 21.9)/1,000 person-years vs 8.4 (7.7 – 9.1) in controls (p<0.001), mortality 40.1 (36.8 – 43.6)/1,000 person-years vs 20.9 (19.8 – 22.0) in controls (p<0.001), and myocardial infarction 9.0 (7.5 – 10.8)/1,000 person-years vs 6.5 (5.9 – 7.2) in controls (p<0.001). IRs of all endpoints increased with age. Oral anticoagulant ± antiplatelet therapy received by 51.0% in year following IA-AF was associated with adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.35 (0.17 – 0.71) for stroke, and 0.56 (0.36 – 0.85) for death compared to no therapy, while antiplatelet treatment was associated with a non-significant reduction of HR: 0.81 (0.51 – 1.29) for stroke, and 0.80 (0.55 – 1.15) for death, though both carried a similar small non-significant adjusted excess IR of major bleeding. In conclusion, asymptomatic AF detected incidentally is associated with a significant adverse effect on stroke and death, with reduction in both associated with oral anticoagulant but not antiplatelet treatment. This provides justification to assess cost-effectiveness of community screening to detect unknown AF.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant prescribing for atrial fibrillation and risk of incident dementia

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319672
Author(s):  
Sharon Louise Cadogan ◽  
Emma Powell ◽  
Kevin Wing ◽  
Angel Yun Wong ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
First Time

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral anticoagulant type (direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs vitamin K antagonists (VKAs)) and incident dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsUsing linked electronic health record (EHR) data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the UK, we conducted a historical cohort study among first-time oral anticoagulant users with incident non-valvular AF diagnosed from 2012 to 2018. We compared the incidence of (1) clinically coded dementia and (2) MCI between patients prescribed VKAs and DOACs using Cox proportional hazards regression models, with age as the underlying timescale, accounting for calendar time and time on treatment, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, clinical comorbidities and medications.ResultsOf 39 200 first-time oral anticoagulant users (44.6% female, median age 76 years, IQR 68–83), 20 687 (53%) were prescribed a VKA and 18 513 (47%) a DOAC at baseline. Overall, 1258 patients (3.2%) had GP-recorded incident dementia, incidence rate 16.5 per 1000 person-years. DOAC treatment for AF was associated with a 16% reduction in dementia diagnosis compared with VKA treatment in the whole cohort (adjusted HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.98) and with a 26% reduction in incident MCI (adjusted HR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.84). Findings were similar across various sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIncident EHR-recorded dementia and MCI were less common among patients prescribed DOACs for new AF compared with those prescribed VKAs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study of Administrative Medical Claims Data in the United States (US)

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3301-3301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C. Barrientos ◽  
Nicole Meyer ◽  
Xue Song ◽  
Kanti R Rai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Bleeding Events

Abstract Background: CLL is the most common form of adult leukemia in the Western World. It primarily affects the elderly with ~70% of patients diagnosed ≥65 years of age. Therapy is reserved until symptoms occur, when most patients have multiple chronic comorbidities including hypertension, arrhythmias, and other conditions that require the use of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents. Understanding the frequency of use of these agents and bleeding events in routine clinical practice could provide additional insights on the real-world burden of the use of these drugs in patients with an underlying predisposition to bleeding due to CLL-related thrombocytopenia and other comorbidities. This is particularly relevant as several chemoimmunotherapy regimens used in CLL may have direct cardiotoxic and antiplatelet effects. Most importantly, emerging evidence suggests that some of the recently approved targeted agents may be associated with risk of cardiac arrhythmias or bleeding events. The mechanisms behind these events and the relations between them are largely unclear but affect the quality of life of CLL patients. The aim of this retrospective database study was to characterize the outcomes of newly diagnosed CLL patients in terms of: [1] incidence of atrial fibrillation (AFIB), [2] incidence of AFIB risk factors, [3] bleeding risk factors as measured by the 5-variable Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) risk score (which quantifies the risk of drug-associated hemorrhage), and [4] anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug usage over the course of their treatment. Methods: Based on administrative medical claims from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits Databases in the US, we identified adults diagnosed with CLL between 1/1/2004 - 4/30/2015. Patients selected for this study were required to have at least two treatment lines where the 2nd line treatment represented a change in initial therapy (index date = start of 1st line treatment). anticoagulant/antiplatelet use, incidence of AFIB (per 10,000 patient days), and ATRIA bleeding risk score were assessed during 1st and 2nd line treatment. Patients were continuously enrolled for ≥ 6 months (baseline) before index date, and followed until disenrollment from the health plan or 4/30/2015, whichever came first. Results: Of approximately 67 million adults (per year) in the database, we identified 2,335 adults with newly diagnosed CLL (mean age: 62 years; 66% male; 46% Medicare as primary payer) treated with antineoplastic therapy and followed for a mean of 35.3 months. The mean duration of first line treatment was 3.3 months, and 4.1 months for 2nd line treatment. Anticoagulant/antiplatelet use at baseline was common (25%), and use increased during 1st line (31%) and 2nd line (32%) treatment. During follow-up, the incidence of AFIB during 1st line and 2nd line treatment was 4.57 and 5.70/10,000 person days (95% CI: 3.7-5.5 and 4.8-6.6), respectively. The proportion of patients with ATRIA scores indicating moderate (ATRIA score 4) to high (ATRIA score ≥ 5) risk of bleeding increased from initial therapy (1st line treatment = 18%) to salvage therapy (2nd line treatment = 22%) [see Figure]. Conclusions: We provide the first real-world estimates of anticoagulant/antiplatelet use, AFIB, AFIB risk, and bleeding risk factors in adult patients newly diagnosed with CLL in the US. In our study, the use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents at diagnosis was common (25%) and increased over time from 1st to 2nd line treatment. Similarly, AFIB incidence and the ATRIA bleeding risk score also increased over the course of the natural disease progression. Since ATRIA scores of ≥ 5 correlate with a 5.8% annual risk of major hemorrhage, understanding the characteristics of the CLL patients at diagnosis and relapse will ultimately help optimize treatment selection based on the potential risks and benefits of each individual treatment regimen. These data, an evaluation of cardiac status, use of concomitant medications, and potential risk factors should be considered in the management of CLL. Disclosures Barrientos: Gilead: Research Funding; NIH/NCATS: Research Funding; ASH-AMFDP: Research Funding. Meyer:Truven Health Analytics: Employment. Song:Truven Health Analytics: Employment. Rai:Leon Levy Foundation: Research Funding; Nash Family Foundation: Research Funding; Nancy Marks Family Foundation: Research Funding; Karches Family Foundation: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Cognitive, Functional, and Behavioral Trajectories of Newly Diagnosed Dementia Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jutkowitz ◽  
Richard F. MacLehose ◽  
Joseph E. Gaugler ◽  
Bryan Dowd ◽  
Karen M. Kuntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Behavioral Trajectories

scholarly journals Cancer incidence during follow-up in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs and its impact on bleeding risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Angeli ◽  
L Bartoli ◽  
M Fabrizio ◽  
L Bergamaschi ◽  
I Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Cancer is increasingly recognized as strictly related to atrial fibrillation (AF). In patients with AF, the relationship between cancer and cardioembolic or bleeding risk during oral anticoagulant therapy is unknown. Purpose To assess the bleeding and ischaemic burden of a baseline or newly diagnosed cancer in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods All consecutive patients treated with DOACs were enrolled among those with new-onset atrial fibrillation and indication for oral anticoagulant between January 2017 and March 2019. During follow-up, bleeding events, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic malignancy and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were evaluated. At baseline, CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT scores were used to assess the hemorrhagic and ischaemic risk. Major bleedings (MB) were defined according to the ISTH definition. Anemia was defined as haemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL in women and 12 mg/dL in men. Results 1258 patients constituted the study population and followed for a mean time of 21.6±9.5 months. Overall, 66 patients (5.2%) were affected by malignant neoplasia at baseline, whereas 59 (4.7%) were diagnosed with a malignancy during follow-up. Among baseline characteristics, anemia was associated with cancer at enrolment (43.9% vs 22.5%, p&lt;0.001) but not at follow up (29.3% vs 23.4%, p=0.341). MACEs were not associated with cancer at baseline (5.3% vs 5.2%, p=1.0) and at follow up (5% vs 4.9%, p=1.0). No association was observed between major ischaemic events and cancer at enrolment or follow up (5.3% vs 4.4%, p=0.83 and 4.4% vs 5%, p=0.82). Despite no statistically significant differences in haemorrhagic risk at baseline, the overall bleeding events and MB were associated with newly diagnosed cancer (9.2% vs 3.9%, p=0.001 and 13.8% vs 4.5%, p=0.001, respectively) but not at baseline (5.2% vs 5.5%, p=0.82 and 9.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.162). At multivariate analysis adjusted for age, hypertension and renal function, anemia and a newly diagnosed cancer during follow up remained independent predictors of MB (respectively, HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.52–1.06, p=0.009 and HR 3.53, 95% CI 7.71–1.62, p=0.001). Conclusion Bleeding risk assessment is an ongoing challenge in patients with NVAF on DOACs. During follow-up, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic cancer is a strong predictor of bleeding regardless of baseline haemorrhagic risk assessment. In contrast, such association is not observed with malignancy at baseline. A proper diagnosis and treatment could therefore decrease cancer-related bleeding risk. On the contrary, our study shows that cancer is not an ischaemic risk modifier, either diagnosed at baseline or follow-up. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals 258 Cancer incidence during follow-up in patients with new onset atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs and its impact on bleeding risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Angeli ◽  
Lorenzo Bartoli ◽  
Michele Fabrizio ◽  
Matteo Armillotta ◽  
Angelo Sansonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Aims Cancer is increasingly recognized as strictly related to atrial fibrillation (AF). In patients with AF, the relationship between cancer and cardioembolic or bleeding risk during oral anticoagulant therapy is unknown. To assess the bleeding and ischaemic burden of a baseline or newly diagnosed cancer in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for non-valvular AF (NVAF). Methods and results All consecutive patients treated with DOACs were enrolled among those with new-onset AF and indication for oral anticoagulant between January 2017 and March 2019. During follow-up, bleeding events, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic malignancy and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated. At baseline, CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT scores were used to assess the haemorrhagic and ischaemic risk. Major bleedings (MBs) were defined according to the ISTH definition. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin levels below 11 g/dl in women and 12 mg/dl in men. 1258 patients constituted the study population and followed for a mean time of 21.6 ± 9.5 months. Overall, 66 patients (5.2%) were affected by malignant neoplasia at baseline, whereas 59 (4.7%) were diagnosed with a malignancy during follow-up. Among baseline characteristics, anaemia was associated with cancer at enrolment (43.9% vs. 22.5%, P &lt; 0.001) but not at follow-up (29.3% vs. 23.4%, P = 0.341). MACEs were not associated with cancer at baseline (5.3% vs. 5.2%, P = 1.0) and at follow-up (5% vs. 4.9%, P = 1.0). No association was observed between major ischaemic events and cancer at enrolment or follow-up (5.3% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.83 and 4.4% vs. 5%, P = 0.82). Despite no statistically significant differences in haemorrhagic risk at baseline, the overall bleeding events and MB were associated with newly diagnosed cancer (9.2% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.001 and 13.8% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.001, respectively) but not at baseline (5.2% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.82 and 9.2% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.162). At multivariate analysis adjusted for age, hypertension and renal function, anaemia, and a newly diagnosed cancer during follow-up remained independent predictor of MB [respectively, HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.52–1.06, P = 0.009 and HR: 3.53, 95% CI: 7.71–1.62, P = 0.001]. Conclusions Bleeding risk assessment is an ongoing challenge in patients with NVAF on DOACs. During follow-up, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic cancer is a strong predictor of bleeding regardless of baseline haemorrhagic risk assessment. In contrast, such association is not observed with malignancy at baseline. A proper diagnosis and treatment could therefore decrease cancer-related bleeding risk. On the contrary, our study shows that cancer is not an ischaemic risk modifier, either diagnosed at baseline or follow-up.

CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED risk scores and real-world oral anticoagulant prescribing decisions in atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Besford ◽  
Thomas P Leahy ◽  
Cormac Sammon ◽  
Maria Ulvestad ◽  
Robert Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Conditional Inference Trees ◽  
The Individual

Background: Guidelines indicate that oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment decisions in atrial fibrillation should be based on a balanced consideration of thromboembolic and bleeding risk. Materials & methods: A retrospective cohort of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients were identified. Univariate logistic regression and conditional inference trees were used to quantify the importance of the CHA2DS2-VASc and modified HAS-BLED scores and their individual components on OAC treatment decisions. Results: The individual components of these risk scores provided more distinguishability between treated and untreated patients than the risk scores themselves, with bleeding risk factors strongly associated with nontreatment. Conclusion: While individual components of risk scores drive OAC treatment decisions according to guidelines, the relationship between bleeding risk factors and nontreatment warrants further consideration.

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