scholarly journals Grain and dietary fiber intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1252-1266
Author(s):  
Evan Y W Yu ◽  
Anke Wesselius ◽  
Siamak Mehrkanoon ◽  
Maree Brinkman ◽  
Piet van den Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Reduced Risk

ABSTRACT Background Higher intakes of whole grains and dietary fiber have been associated with lower risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation, which are known predisposing factors for cancer. Objectives Because the evidence of association with bladder cancer (BC) is limited, we aimed to assess associations with BC risk for intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and dietary fiber. Methods We pooled individual data from 574,726 participants in 13 cohort studies, 3214 of whom developed incident BC. HRs, with corresponding 95% CIs, were estimated using Cox regression models stratified on cohort. Dose–response relations were examined using fractional polynomial regression models. Results We found that higher intake of total whole grain was associated with lower risk of BC (comparing highest with lowest intake tertile: HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; P for trend: 0.023). No association was observed for intake of total refined grain. Intake of total dietary fiber was also inversely associated with BC risk (comparing highest with lowest intake tertile: HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P for trend: 0.021). In addition, dose–response analyses gave estimated HRs of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.99) for intake of total whole grain and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98) for intake of total dietary fiber per 5-g daily increment. When considered jointly, highest intake of whole grains with the highest intake of dietary fiber showed 28% reduced risk (95% CI: 0.54, 0.93; P for trend: 0.031) of BC compared with the lowest intakes, suggesting potential synergism. Conclusions Higher intakes of total whole grain and total dietary fiber are associated with reduced risk of BC individually and jointly. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these findings.

scholarly journals Definitions, regulations, and new frontiers for dietary fiber and whole grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Joanne L Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Abstract The aim of this article is to review the definitions and regulations for dietary fiber and whole grains worldwide and to discuss barriers to meeting recommended intake levels. Plant foods, such as whole grains, that are rich in dietary fiber are universally recommended in dietary guidance. Foods rich in dietary fiber are recommended for all, but dietary recommendations for whole grains and dietary fiber depend on definitions and regulations. Official recommendations for dietary fiber in the United States and Canada are denoted by dietary reference intakes (DRIs), which are developed by the Institute of Medicine. An adequate intake (AI) for dietary fiber was based on prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake and cardiovascular disease risk that found 14 grams of dietary fiber per 1000 kilocalories protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD). This value was used to set AIs for dietary fiber across the life cycle based on recommended calorie intakes. Actual intakes of dietary fiber are generally about half of the recommended levels. Recommendations for whole grain intake are equally challenging, as definitions for whole grain foods are needed to set recommendations. The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommended that half of all grain servings be whole grains, but usual intakes are generally less than 1 serving per day, rather than the recommended 3 servings per day. Scientific support for whole grain recommendations is based on the same prospective cohort studies and links to CVD protection used to inform dietary fiber guidance. Thus, dietary fiber is a recommended nutrient and whole grains are a recommended dietary pattern in dietary guidance in North America and around the world. Challenges for attaining recommended intakes of dietary fiber and whole grains include low-carbohydrate diets, low-gluten diets, and public health recommendations to avoid processed foods.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber intake from fresh and preserved food and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: observational evidence from a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ming MAI ◽  
Roger Kai-Cheong NGAN ◽  
Dora Lai-Wan KWONG ◽  
Wai-Tong NG ◽  
Kam-Tong Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The role of dietary fiber intake on risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. We examined the associations of dietary fiber intake on the risk of NPC adjusting for a comprehensive list of potential confounders. Methods Using data from a multicenter case-control study, we included 815 histologically confirmed NPC incident cases and 1502 controls in Hong Kong, China recruited in 2014–2017. Odds ratios (ORs) of NPC (cases vs controls) for dietary fiber intake from different sources at different life periods (age 13–18, age 19–30, and 10 years before recruitment) were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status, smoking and drinking status, occupational hazards, family history of cancer, salted fish, and total energy intake in Model 1, Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen serological status in Model 2, and duration of sun exposure and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Model 3. Results Higher intake of total dietary fiber 10 years before recruitment was significantly associated with decreased NPC risk, with demonstrable dose-response relationship (P-values for trend = 0.001, 0.020 and 0.024 in Models 1–3, respectively). The adjusted ORs (95% CI) in the highest versus the lowest quartile were 0.51 (0.38–0.69) in Model 1, 0.48 (0.33–0.69) in Model 2, and 0.48 (0.33–0.70) in Model 3. However, the association was less clear after adjustment of other potential confounders (e.g. EBV) in the two younger periods (age of 13–18 and 19–30 years). Risks of NPC were significantly lower for dietary fiber intake from fresh vegetables and fruits and soybean products over all three periods, with dose-response relationships observed in all Models (P-values for trend for age 13–18, age 19–30 and 10 years before recruitment were, respectively, 0.002, 0.009 and 0.001 for Model1; 0.020, 0.031 and 0.003 for Model 2; and 0.022, 0.037 and 0.004 for Model 3). No clear association of NPC risk with dietary fiber intake from preserved vegetables, fruits and condiments was observed. Conclusion Our study has shown the protective role of dietary fiber from fresh food items in NPC risk, but no association for total dietary fiber intake was observed, probably because total intake also included intake of preserved food. Further studies with detailed dietary information and in prospective settings are needed to confirm this finding, and to explore the possible underlying biological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber intake and risk of prediabetes in China: results from the TCLSIH Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Shunming Zhang ◽  
Ge Meng ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhanxin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models

Abstract High dietary fiber intake has been associated with a lower risk of diabetes, but the association of dietary fiber with prediabetes is only speculative, especially in China, where the supportive data from prospective studies is lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary fiber intake and risk of incident prediabetes among Chinese adults. We performed a prospective analysis in 18,085 participants of the TCLSIH cohort study who were free of diabetes, prediabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Dietary data were collected using a validated 100-item food frequency questionnaire. Prediabetes was defined based on the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 63,175 person-years of follow-up, 4,139 cases of incident prediabetes occurred. The multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of prediabetes for the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.85 (0.75, 0.98) (P for trend =0.02) for total dietary fiber, 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) (P for trend <0.01) for soluble fiber, and 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) (P for trend =0.38) for insoluble fiber. Fiber from fruits, but not from cereals, beans, and vegetables was inversely associated with prediabetes. Our results indicate that intakes of total dietary fiber, soluble fiber, and fiber derived from fruit sources were associated with a lower risk of prediabetes.

scholarly journals Consumption of Dietary Fiber in Relation to Psychological Disorders in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Saghafian ◽  
Nafiseh Sharif ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Psychological Distress ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

Background: Previous observational studies suggested a relationship between dietary fiber consumption and mental health, but the findings were conflicting. We evaluated the link between dietary fiber intake and prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among a large population of Iranian adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study among 3,362 Iranian adults working in 50 health centers was done. Data of dietary intakes were collected through a validated semiquantitative dish-based 106-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were defined based on the Iranian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the top quartile of total dietary fiber intake had a 33% and 29% lower risk of anxiety and high psychological distress [odds ratio (OR): 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.95 and OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.94, respectively] compared to the bottom quartile of intake. The highest total dietary fiber intake was also inversely related to a lower risk of depression in women (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.88) but not in men. Among overweight or obese participants, higher intake of dietary fiber was related to a decreased risk of high psychological distress (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.79). A high level of dietary fiber intake was related to a lower risk of anxiety in normal-weight individuals (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.80).Conclusion: Significant inverse associations between total dietary fiber intake with anxiety and high psychological distress were found in Iranian adults. More consumption of dietary fiber was also related to reduced odds of depression in women. More investigations with prospective nature are needed to affirm these findings.

scholarly journals Whole grain food intake elevates serum enterolactone

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
Mark A. Pereira ◽  
Katariina Stumpf ◽  
Joel J. Pins ◽  
Herman Adlercreutz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Grain Foods ◽  
Reduced Risk

Both intake of whole grain and higher levels of serum enterolactone have been related to reduced risk for CHD and some cancers. Because lignans are prevalent in the outer layers of grains, these findings may be related. We carried out a crossover feeding study in which overweight, hyperinsulinaemic, non-diabetic men (n5) and women (n6) ate, in random order, wholegrain foods or refined-grain foods in a diet with 30% energy from fat. The dominant whole grain was wheat, followed by oats and rice. All food was supplied by the investigators and each diet lasted for 6 weeks, with an intervening washout period of 6–9 weeks. Serum enterolactone concentrations were higher when eating the wholegrain than the refined-grain diet by 6·2 (within person SE 1·7) nmol/l (P=0·0008). Most of the increase in serum enterolactone when eating the wholegrain diet occurred within 2 weeks, though the serum enterolactone difference between wholegrain and refined-grain diets continued to increase through 6 weeks. Serum enterolactone concentrations can be raised by eating a diet rich in whole grains.

scholarly journals The association and dose–response relationship between dietary intake of α-linolenic acid and risk of CHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingkai Wei ◽  
Ruixue Hou ◽  
Yuzhi Xi ◽  
Alysse Kowalski ◽  
Tiansheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractPrevious studies show inconsistent associations between α-linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of CHD. We aimed to examine an aggregate association between ALA intake and risk of CHD, and assess for any dose–response relationship. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for prospective cohort studies examining associations between ALA intake and CHD, including composite CHD and fatal CHD. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models, comparing the highest category of ALA intake with the lowest across studies. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on study design, geographic region, age and sex. For dose–response analyses, we used two-stage random-effects dose–response models. In all, fourteen studies of thirteen cohorts were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that higher ALA intake was associated with modest reduced risk of composite CHD (risk ratios (RR)=0·91; 95 % CI 0·85, 0·97) and fatal CHD (RR=0·85; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·96). The analysis showed a J-shaped relationship between ALA intake and relative risk of composite CHD (χ2=21·95, P<0·001). Compared with people without ALA intake, only people with ALA intake <1·4 g/d showed reduced risk of composite CHD. ALA intake was linearly associated with fatal CHD – every 1 g/d increase in ALA intake was associated with a 12 % decrease in fatal CHD risk (95 % CI −0·21, −0·04). Though a higher dietary ALA intake was associated with reduced risk of composite and fatal CHD, the excess composite CHD risk at higher ALA intakes warrants further investigation, especially through randomised controlled trials.

scholarly journals Review of whole grain and dietary fiber recommendations and intake levels in different countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Kevin Burke Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Consumer Adoption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract This review of whole grain and dietary fiber recommendations and intake levels was presented at the symposium on whole grains, dietary fiber, and public health, convened in Beijing, China, on May 11, 2018. The review reflects on inconsistencies among the definitions of whole grains and fiber as well as recommended intake levels in different countries. The lack of consistent dietary recommendations from authoritative sources may delay the regional implementation and consumer adoption of diets that include whole grains and fiber. Currently, few countries include specific intake recommendations for whole grain, and even among those countries with guidance the recommendations can be vague and qualitative. As a result of the well-documented associations between increasing whole grain intake and reduced disease risk, there is compelling evidence to create clear, actionable dietary recommendations for both whole grains and fiber. Furthermore, work is ongoing to develop uniform standards for whole grain and whole-grain food to ensure recommendations are being met. Health and regulatory authorities are encouraged to acknowledge the public health benefits that could be derived from strong, clear whole-grain and dietary fiber recommendations; examine existing definitions (whole grain as an ingredient, whole-grain food, and dietary fiber); and adopt the most appropriate approach to best serve public health needs for their respective populations.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of linoleic acid, its concentrations and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽  
Yahya Jalilpiran ◽  
Elmira Karimi ◽  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Summary Relative Risk

<b>Background: </b>Earlier evidence on the association between dietary PUFAs and risk of diabetes has been conflicting.<b> </b><b></b> <p><b>Purpose:</b> To quantitatively summarize previous studies on the association between dietary LA intake, its biomarkers, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the general population.</p> <p><b>Data source:</b> PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until 24 October 2020, and reference lists of all related articles, and key journals.</p> <p><b>Study selection: </b>Prospective cohort studies that examined the associations of LA with the risk of T2DM in adults.</p> <p><b>Data synthesis:</b> The inverse variance method was applied to calculate summary relative risk (RR) of LA intake and its biomarkers, and dose-response associations was modeled using restricted cubic splines. Twenty-three publications, covering a total of 31 prospective cohorts, were included; these studies included 297,685 participants (22,639 incident diabetes cases) with dietary intake assessment and 84,171 participants (18,458 incident diabetes cases) with biomarker measurements. High intake of LA was associated with a 6% lower risk of T2DM (summary relative risk (RR): 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90, 0.99;<i> I<sup>2</sup></i>=48.5%). In the dose-response analysis, each 5% increment in energy from LA intake was associated with a 10% lower risk of T2DM. There was also evidence of a linear association between LA intake and diabetes, with the lowest risk at highest intakes. The summary RR for diabetes per SD increment in LA concentrations in adipose tissue/blood compartments was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.90; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i>=66.2%). The certainty of the evidence was assessed as moderate.</p> <p><b>Limitation:</b> Observational design of studies included in the analyses.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> We found that a high intake of dietary LA and elevated concentrations of LA in the body were both significantly associated with a lower risk of T2DM. These findings support dietary recommendations to consume dietary LA.</p>

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