scholarly journals Late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk traits, obesogenic behaviors, and impaired weight loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan S Dashti ◽  
Puri Gómez-Abellán ◽  
Jingyi Qian ◽  
Alberto Esteban ◽  
Eva Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Obesogenic Behaviors

ABSTRACT Background There is a paucity of evidence regarding the role of food timing on cardiometabolic health and weight loss in adults. Objectives To determine whether late eating is cross-sectionally associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline; and whether late eating is associated with weight loss rate and success following a weight loss intervention protocol. Also, to identify obesogenic behaviors and weight loss barriers associated with late eating. Methods Participants were recruited from a weight-loss program in Spain. Upon recruitment, the midpoint of meal intake was determined by calculating the midway point between breakfast and dinner times, and dietary composition was determined from diet recall. Population median for the midpoint of meal intake was used to stratify participants into early (before 14:54) and late (after 14:54) eaters. Cardiometabolic and satiety hormonal profiles were determined from fasting blood samples collected prior to intervention. Weekly weight loss and barriers were evaluated during the ∼19-wk program. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess differences between late and early eaters in cardiometabolic traits, satiety hormones, obesogenic behaviors, and weight loss, adjusted for age, sex, clinic site, year of recruitment, and baseline BMI. Results A total of 3362 adults [mean (SD): age: 41 (14) y; 79.2% women, BMI: 31.05 (5.58) kg/m2] were enrolled. At baseline, no differences were observed in energy intake or physical activity levels between early and late eaters (P >0.05). Late eaters had higher BMI, higher concentrations of triglycerides, and lower insulin sensitivity compared with early eaters (all P <0.05) prior to intervention. In addition, late eaters had higher concentrations of the satiety hormone leptin in the morning (P = 0.001). On average, late eaters had an average 80 g lower weekly rate of weight loss [early, 585 (667) g/wk; late, 505 (467) g/wk; P = 0.008], higher odds of having weight-loss barriers [OR (95% CI): 1.22 (1.03, 1.46); P = 0.025], and lower odds of motivation for weight loss [0.81 (0.66, 0.99); P = 0.044] compared with early eaters. Conclusion Our results suggest that late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced efficacy of a weight-loss intervention. Insights into the characteristics and behaviors related to late eating may be useful in the development of future interventions aimed at advancing the timing of food intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Extreme Weight Loss on Cardiometabolic Health in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Liu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jing Liao ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10–17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and p value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, p value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed.Result: A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of −8.9kg (Cohen’s d=1.00, p<0.001), body mass index reduction of −3.3kg/m2 (Cohen’s d=1.47, p<0.001), and body fat percent reduction of −4.1 (%) (Cohen’s d=1.22, p<0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.65, p<0.001), triglycerides (Cohen’s d=2.59, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.81, p<0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (p<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (p<0.05).Conclusion: Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese individuals: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yide Yang ◽  
Ming Xie ◽  
Shuqian Yuan ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Lower Odds

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese adults in China, and to demonstrate the sex differences in these associations. Methods A total of 1221 participants (455 males and 766 females) were included in this study. Percentage of body fat (PBF) of the whole body and regional areas, including arm, thigh, trunk, android, and gynoid, were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Central adiposity was measured by waist circumference. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the six cardiometabolic risk factors, namely, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein, elevated glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low adiponectin. Linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between whole body or regional PBF and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results In females, except arm adiposity, other regional fat (thigh, trunk, android, gynoid) and whole-body PBF are significantly associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and whole-body PBF. One-SD increase in Z scores of the thigh and gynoid PBF were significantly associated with 80 and 78% lower odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.35 and OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.12–0.41). Trunk, android and whole-body PBF were significantly associated with higher odds of clustered risk with OR of 1.90 (95%CI:1.02–3.55), 2.91 (95%CI: 1.75–4.85), and 2.01 (95%CI: 1.47–2.76), respectively. While in males, one-SD increase in the thigh and gynoid PBF are associated with 94% (OR: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02–0.23) and 83% lower odds (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.57) of clustered cardiometabolic risk, respectively. Android and whole-body PBF were associated with higher odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 3.39, 95%CI: 1.42–8.09 and OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.53–3.92), but the association for trunk PBF was not statistically significant (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.42–3.19). Conclusions Adiposity distribution plays an important role in the clustered cardiometabolic risk in participants with overweight and obese and sex differences were observed in these associations. In general, central obesity (measured by android PBF) could be the best anthropometric measurement for screening people at risk for CVD risk factors for both men and women. Upper body fat tends to be more detrimental to cardiometabolic health in women than in men, whereas lower body fat is relatively more protective in men than in women.

scholarly journals Effects of whole and refined grains on cardiometabolic risk factors in a controlled‐feeding, weight loss study: Preliminary findings

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Arline Harris ◽  
Shiela West ◽  
Jack Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Satya Jonnalagadda ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Weight Loss Study

Baru Nut Intake and Resistance Training Practice Have Potential to Reduce the Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sebastião Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Maria Sebastiana Silva ◽  
Maria Margareth Veloso Naves
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). There is strong evidence about the benefits of oilseeds intake and the practice of resistance training (RT) in the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its associated CMRF. However, no study has evaluated the combination of these interventions yet. Baru nut, an oilseed native to the Brazilian Cerrado, stands out among oilseeds due to its healthy nutritional composition, which have the potential to reduce CMRF in T2DM. RT, in turn, provides positive changes in the composition and metabolism of muscle cells, which contributes to improving cardiometabolic health. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the effects and mechanisms related to the intake of baru nut and the practice of RT in reducing CMRF in T2DM. Method: Literature research was performed using the keywords "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Dipteryx alata Vog", "nuts", "physical exercise" and "resistance training", isolated or associated, in Web of Science and Pubmed databases. Results: Baru nut is an oilseed with high density of nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic properties, and the RT is associated with beneficial effects on CMRF in T2DM individuals. Thus, the consumption of baru nut and the RT have potential to improve the insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body composition, and serum lipid profile. Conclusion: The baru nut consumption and the RT have potential to reduce the cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM. Both interventions are innovative and promising approaches to preserve the health of T2DM individuals.

scholarly journals Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Jamshed ◽  
Robbie Beyl ◽  
Deborah Della Manna ◽  
Eddy Yang ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diurnal Patterns

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves having a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic health in rodents and humans. Here, we performed the first study to determine how TRF affects gene expression, circulating hormones, and diurnal patterns in cardiometabolic risk factors in humans. Eleven overweight adults participated in a 4-day randomized crossover study where they ate between 8 am and 2 pm (early TRF (eTRF)) and between 8 am and 8 pm (control schedule). Participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring, and blood was drawn to assess cardiometabolic risk factors, hormones, and gene expression in whole blood cells. Relative to the control schedule, eTRF decreased mean 24-hour glucose levels by 4 ± 1 mg/dl (p = 0.0003) and glycemic excursions by 12 ± 3 mg/dl (p = 0.001). In the morning before breakfast, eTRF increased ketones, cholesterol, and the expression of the stress response and aging gene SIRT1 and the autophagy gene LC3A (all p < 0.04), while in the evening, it tended to increase brain-derived neurotropic factor (BNDF; p = 0.10) and also increased the expression of MTOR (p = 0.007), a major nutrient-sensing protein that regulates cell growth. eTRF also altered the diurnal patterns in cortisol and the expression of several circadian clock genes (p < 0.05). eTRF improves 24-hour glucose levels, alters lipid metabolism and circadian clock gene expression, and may also increase autophagy and have anti-aging effects in humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document