scholarly journals Impact of changes in maternal body composition on birth weight and neonatal fat mass in dichorionic twin pregnancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Gandhi ◽  
Rajshi Gandhi ◽  
Lauren M Mack ◽  
Roman Shypailo ◽  
Anne L Adolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on birth weight in twin pregnancies has been demonstrated, the specific components of GWG have not been delineated for twin gestations. Fetal body composition has been shown to be modifiable in singleton gestations based on nutritional intervention strategies and may prove to have similar modifications in twin gestations.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the relation of maternal body composition changes to birth weight, birth length, and neonatal fat mass (FM) in dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies.DesignThis is a prospective study of 20 women with twin gestations. Comparisons were made between body composition variables during each trimester and for the entire pregnancy and compared with the outcomes of birth weight, neonatal fat percentage, and birth length.ResultsGWG within or above compared with below the IOM recommendations was associated with higher birth weights (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, respectively), but also with higher postpartum weight retention (P = 0.001). Total maternal protein gain over the pregnancy was positively associated with birth weight (P = 0.03). Changes in maternal fat-free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), and FM from the first to the third trimester were not associated with either birth weight or neonatal FM percentage. However, maternal FM change from the second to the third trimester was significantly correlated to neonatal FM percentage (P = 0.02). Third trimester GWG and total protein gain were positively correlated with neonatal birth length (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Maternal FFM over all 3 trimesters showed a positive relation with neonatal birth length (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSignificant increases in maternal protein are associated with greater birth weight and neonatal birth length. Protein accretion, in contrast to TBW and FM gains, may be the most critical component of maternal GWG in dichorionic twin gestations.

EFFECT OF ZINK TABLETS INTERVENTION IN ZINC DEFICIENCY OF TRIMESTER III PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD WEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH OF NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Nurfadillah S ◽  
Wardihan Sinrang ◽  
Suryani As'ad ◽  
Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: According to 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) data globally, an estimated 17.3% of the population has inadequate zinc intake, with estimates ranging from 5.7% in Oceania to 7.6% in Europe, 9.6% in America and the Caribbean, highest in Africa (23.9%) and Asia (19.6%). Zinc is important for the function of a number of enzymes and growth hormones during pregnancy. In pregnant women, the relative zinc concentration decreases up to 35% due to the influence of hormonal changes and the transport of nutrients from mother to baby. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of giving zinc tablets to pregnant women with zinc deficiency in the third trimester on body weight and length of babies born at the Makassar City Health Center. Methods: This type of research is True Experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample in this study was 62 samples of third trimester pregnant women, and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Measurement of zinc levels in third trimester pregnant women using the Elisa reader kit at the Research Laboratory of the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The research instruments were in the form of a research explanation sheet, respondent's consent sheet, respondent's checklist sheet, and the mother's zinc tablet consumption control sheet for 14 days. Results: Judging from the average value of newborns in pregnant women who did not have zinc deficiency, the average value of birth weight in pregnant women with zinc deficiency was 15.70 g/dL and 18.95 g/dL. zinc deficiency with a value (p < 0.05), while pregnant women with zinc deficiency have an average birth length of 10.00 g/dL and mothers who do not have a deficiency of 19.87 g/dL with a value (p < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that giving zinc tablets to pregnant women in the third trimester has an effect on Birth Weight (BBL) and Birth Length (PBL). Conclusion: Giving zinc tablets has an effect on increasing zinc levels in third trimester zinc deficiency pregnant women and increasing birth weight and length of the baby.  

scholarly journals Fetal and Postnatal Growth and Body Composition at 6 Months of Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamise Ay ◽  
Vera A. A. Van Houten ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Jacqueline C. M. Witteman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
The Third ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Objectives: The objectives of the study was to examine which parental, fetal, and postnatal characteristics are associated with fat and lean mass at the age of 6 months and examine the effect of growth (catch-down, catch-up) in fetal life and early infancy on fat and lean mass. Design: This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort study from early fetal life onward. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 252 infants at 6 months. Parental, fetal, and postnatal data were collected by physical and fetal ultrasound examinations and questionnaires. Results: Children with fetal catch-up in weight (gain in weight sd score &gt;0.67) in the second trimester tended to have a higher fat mass percentage [FM(%)] at 6 months of age, whereas children with fetal catch-down in weight had a lower FM(%) compared with nonchangers. In the third trimester, both catch-up and catch-down in weight were associated with an increase in FM(%) at 6 months. Children with catch-down in the third trimester had a greater risk for postnatal catch-up in weight greater than 0.67 sd score. Birth weight and weight at 6 wk were positively associated with fat mass at 6 months. Postnatal catch-up in weight within 6 wk after birth had the highest association with total and truncal FM(%) at 6 months. Total and truncal FM were higher in girls. Conclusion: Catch-down in weight in the third trimester was strongly associated with postnatal catch-up within 6 wk after birth, and both were associated with an increase in fat mass at the age of 6 months. Our study shows that fetal as well as postnatal growth patterns are associated with body composition in early childhood.

scholarly journals DNA methylation in infants with low and high body fatness

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Antonio Lentini ◽  
Signe Altmäe ◽  
David Brodin ◽  
Patrick Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
High Body

Abstract Background Birth weight is determined by the interplay between infant genetics and the intrauterine environment and is associated with several health outcomes in later life. Many studies have reported an association between birth weight and DNA methylation in infants and suggest that altered epigenetics may underlie birthweight-associated health outcomes. However, birth weight is a relatively nonspecific measure of fetal growth and consists of fat mass and fat-free mass which may have different effects on health outcomes which motivates studies of infant body composition and DNA methylation. Here, we combined genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of buccal cells from 47 full-term one-week old infants with accurate measurements of infant fat mass and fat-free mass using air-displacement plethysmography. Results No significant association was found between DNA methylation in infant buccal cells and infant body composition. Moreover, no association between infant DNA methylation and parental body composition or indicators of maternal glucose metabolism were found. Conclusions Despite accurate measures of body composition, we did not identify any associations between infant body fatness and DNA methylation. These results are consistent with recent studies that generally have identified only weak associations between DNA methylation and birthweight. Although our results should be confirmed by additional larger studies, our findings may suggest that differences in DNA methylation between individuals with low and high body fatness may be established later in childhood.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Wellness in New York City Community-Dwelling Seniors (P01-035-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana Nyemchek ◽  
Lucy Quigley ◽  
Sonja Molfenter ◽  
Kathleen Woolf
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The older adult population is increasing worldwide, placing significant burden on healthcare and support systems. Meeting nutrition and physical activity guidelines is critical to maintain health and quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to assess nutrition, swallowing, body composition, and physical function in community-dwelling seniors (CDSs) and describe the prevalence of poor status. Methods CDSs (n = 54; 42 female; age = 80.1 ± 6.7; body mass index [BMI] = 25.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2) participated in a wellness visit to assess a) nutrition (Dietary Screening Tool [DST], an instrument that identifies nutritional risk), b) swallowing (90 ml water swallow challenge; EAT-10 swallowing screening tool) c) body composition (waist circumference; calf circumference; body fat mass index [BFMI]; fat-free mass index [FFMI]), and d) physical function (SARC-F, a five item sarcopenia screener; Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], testing balance, gait speed, and sit to stand). Height was measured using a portable stadiometer; weight with a Seca digital scale. Waist and calf circumferences were measured in triplicate. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Quad Scan 4000 multifrequency analyzer (BodyStat). BFMI (fat mass, kg/[height, m]2) and FFMI (fat-free mass, kg/[height, m]2) were determined. Results The DST revealed that 11(20.4%) and 35(64.8%) of the CDSs were “at risk” and “possible risk” for poor nutritional status, respectively. Although the EAT-10 documented swallowing difficulties in 5(9.3%) of the CDSs, 12 (22.2%) failed the 90 ml water swallow challenge, consistent with risk of swallowing impairment. Excess adiposity was found in 31(57.4%) using waist circumference and 30(55.6%) using BFMI. Low muscle mass, captured by FFMI, was found in 35(64.8%) of the CDSs. Calf circumference values revealed malnutrition in 3(5.6%) of the CDSs. Six (11.1%) of the CDSs had SARC-F scores associated with poor physical function indicating significant muscle loss in aging. Similarly, SPPB results revealed 14(25.9%) had poor lower extremity physical function. Conclusions CDSs exhibit impairments in these measures of wellness, placing their health and QOL at risk. Research examining the impact of lifestyle interventions on these measures is needed. Funding Sources None

scholarly journals Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nsamba ◽  
Swaib A. Lule ◽  
Benigna Namara ◽  
Christopher Zziwa ◽  
Hellen Akurut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.

scholarly journals Body composition in term offspring after maternal gestational diabetes does not predict postnatal hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Wiechers ◽  
Lena S. Balles ◽  
Sara Kirchhof ◽  
Romy Weber ◽  
Vanessa Avellina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of neonatal complications like birth trauma due to macrosomia or postnatal hypoglycemia, as well as long-term metabolic sequelae. Neonatal body composition may be a sensitive marker of metabolic effects on the fetus caused by suboptimal glycemic control during pregnancy. Objective To determine body composition in offspring of mothers with GDM compared to a reference cohort of healthy term neonates and to assess whether increased body fat would be associated with postnatal hypoglycemia. Methods This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study included 311 full-term, singleton infants born between June 2014 and July 2015. Body composition was measured within 96 h of birth using air displacement plethysmography. Results are indicated as median (1st Quartile – 3rd Quartile). Results Of 311 infants, 40 (12.9%) were born to mothers with GDM. Birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS) (0.24 vs. − 0.07, p = 0.04), fat mass (370 g vs. 333 g, p = 0.02) as well as fat mass/total body mass (BF%; 11.4% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.03) were significantly higher in infants following maternal GDM than in controls. In GDM offspring, anthropometric parameters, fat mass or BF% did not differ between infants with or without postnatal hypoglycemia. In this cohort, SDS for birth weight, fat mass, fat free mass, BF% or postnatal hypoglycemia were not associated with maternal blood glucose levels measured at an oral glucose tolerance test. Conclusions SDS for birth weight, neonatal fat mass, and BF% were significantly higher in newborns following maternal GDM. In these infants born to mothers with GDM, body composition did not differ between those with or without postnatal hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Prematurity and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 birth cohorts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cardozo Bortolotto ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Juliana dos Santos Vaz ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies. Methods Gestational age (GA), defined by the date of the last menstrual period (categorized in ≤33, 34–36, and ≥ 37 weeks), was gathered in the first 24-h after delivery for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004, 1993 and 1982. Body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Outcomes included fat mass (FM, kg), percent FM (%FM), FM index (FMI, kg/m2), fat-free mass (FFM, kg); percent FFM (%FFM), FFM index (FFMI, kg/m2), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 at 18 years in the 1993 cohort and 30 years in the 1982 cohort), and BMI Z-score (at 6 years in the 2004 cohort). We further explored the association of birth weight for GA with body composition indicators and BMI. Crude and adjusted linear regressions provided beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results A total of 3036, 3027, and 3369 participants, respectively, from the 2004, 1993, and 1982 cohorts were analyzed. At 6 years, preterm boys (born at 34–36 weeks) presented lower adjusted mean of FM (β = − 0.80 kg, − 1.45;-0.16, p = 0.046), %FM (β = − 2.39%, − 3.90;-0.88, p = 0.008), FMI (β = − 0.70 kg/m2, − 1.13;-0.27, p = 0.004) as well as lower FFM (β = − 0.4 kg, − 0.77; − 0.12, p = 0.010) and FFMI (β = − 0.3 kg/m2, − 0.46;-0.10, p < 0.001), and BMI Z-score (β = − 0.69,; − 0.99;-0.40, p < 0.001); but higher %FFM (β = 2.4%, 0.87;-3.90, p = 0.008), when compared to boys born at term (≥37). At 30 years, FM (15.7 kg, 0.25;31.1, p = 0.102) was higher among males born at ≤33 weeks. No association was observed for females from the three cohorts and for 18-year-old males. The association of birth weight for GA with body composition and BMI was not significant in any cohort. At 6 years, SGA boys had lower FFMI than boys AGA. Conclusions Our results suggest that preterm birth is associated with decreased body fat and fat-free mass in childhood but higher fat mass in adulthood. Nevertheless, results were only significant for males. SGA boys also showed lower FFMI.

scholarly journals Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nsamba ◽  
Swaib A. Lule ◽  
Benigna Namara ◽  
Christopher Zziwa ◽  
Hellen Akurut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.

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