Advances in Population Surveillance for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Reliability and Validity of Time Use Surveys

Background:Frontline-staff are critical to achieving policies related to child physical activity and nutrition (PAaN) in out-of-school-time programs (OSTP). Recent policies call upon staff to demonstrate behaviors related to PAaN. Currently, no instrument exists to measure these behaviors. This study fills the gap between policy mandates and staff behaviors by describing the development of the System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN) in OSTP.Methods:SOSPAN items were aligned with existing OSTP policies. Reliability and validity data of SOSPAN were collected across 8 OSTP: 4 summer day camps and 4 afterschool programs. Validity of SOSPAN staff behaviors/management of PA was established using the percent of children active measured concurrently via direct observation.Results:A total of 6437 scans were performed. Interrater percent agreement ranged from 74%–99% across PAaN behaviors. Children’s activity was associated with staff facilitative behaviors/management, such as playing with the children and providing 2 or more activities for children to choose, while prohibitive behaviors/management, such as waiting in line were related to increased sedentary behavior. Staff nutrition behaviors were observed in less than 0.6% of scans.Conclusion:SOSPAN is a reliable and valid tool to assess staff behaviors/management of PAaN in OSTPs.

Download Full-text

Dynamics of sleep, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on school versus nonschool days

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa174 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bridget Armstrong ◽

Michael W Beets ◽

Angela Starrett ◽

Keith Brazendale ◽

Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Time Use ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Series Data ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Specific Behavior ◽

School Day

Abstract Study Objectives Studies examining time-use activity behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity) on school days compared with nonschool days have examined these behaviors independently, ignoring their interrelated nature, limiting our ability to optimize the health benefits of these behaviors. This study examines the associations of school-day (vs. nonschool day) with time-use activity behaviors. Methods Time series data (6,642 days) from Fitbits (Charge-2) were collected (n = 196, 53% female, 5–10 years). We used a variable-centered dynamic structural equation modeling approach to estimate day-to-day associations of time-use activity behaviors on school days for each child. We then used person-centered cluster analyses to group individuals based on these estimates. Results Within-participant analysis showed that on school days (vs. nonschool days), children (1) slept less (β = −0.17, 95% CI = −0.21, −0.13), (2) were less sedentary (β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.09, −0.02), and (3) had comparable moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.11, 0.00). Between-participant analysis showed that, on school days, children with higher sleep carryover experienced greater decreases in sleep (β = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.71), children with higher body mass index z-score decreased sedentary behavior more (β = −0.41, 95% CI = −0.64, −0.13), and children with lower MVPA increased MVPA more (β = −0.41, 95% CI −0.64, −0.13). Cluster analysis demonstrated four distinct patterns of connections between time-use activity behaviors and school (High Activity, Sleep Resilient, High Sedentary, and Dysregulated Sleep). Conclusions Using a combination of person-centered and more traditional variable-centered approaches, we identified patterns of interrelated behaviors that differed on school, and nonschool days. Findings can inform targeted intervention strategies tailored to children’s specific behavior patterns.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Sedentary Behavior With the International Physical Activity Questionnaire

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.5.s1.s30 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (s1) ◽

pp. S30-S44 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

Dori E. Rosenberg ◽

Fiona C. Bull ◽

Alison L. Marshall ◽

James F. Sallis ◽

Adrian E. Bauman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Population Surveillance ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Time Activity ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

The Relationship ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Purpose:This study explored definitions of sedentary behavior and examined the relationship between sitting time and physical inactivity using the sitting items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Methods:Participants (N = 289, 44.6% male, mean age = 35.93) from 3 countries completed self-administered long- and short-IPAQ sitting items. Participants wore accelero-meters; were classified as inactive (no leisure-time activity), insufficiently active, or meeting recommendations; and were classified into tertiles of sitting behavior.Results:Reliability of sitting time was acceptable for men and women. Correlations between total sitting and accelerometer counts/min <100 were significant for both long (r = .33) and short (r = .34) forms. There was no agreement between tertiles of sitting and the inactivity category (kappa = .02, P = .68).Conclusion:Sedentary behavior should be explicitly measured in population surveillance and research instead of being defined by lack of physical activity.

Download Full-text

Reliability and Validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.7.6.697 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 697-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

Dori E. Rosenberg ◽

Gregory J. Norman ◽

Nicole Wagner ◽

Kevin Patrick ◽

Karen J. Calfas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Population Surveillance ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

Overweight Adults

Background:Sedentary behavior is related to obesity, but measures of sedentary behaviors are lacking for adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) among overweight adults.Methods:Participants were 49 adults for the 2 week test-retest reliability study (67% female, 53% white, mean age = 20) and 401 overweight women (mean age = 41, 61% white) and 441 overweight men (mean age = 44, 81% white) for the validity study. The SBQ consisted of reports of time spent in 9 sedentary behaviors. Outcomes for validity included accelerometer measured inactivity, sitting time (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and BMI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed reliability and partial correlations assessed validity.Results:ICCs were acceptable for all items and the total scale (range = .51–.93). For men, there were significant relationships of SBQ items with IPAQ sitting time and BMI. For women, there were relationships between the SBQ and accelerometer inactivity minutes, IPAQ sitting time, and BMI.Conclusions:The SBQ has acceptable measurement properties for use among overweight adults. Specific measures of sedentary behavior should be included in studies and population surveillance.

Download Full-text

Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and All-Cause Mortality: Dose-Response and Intensity Weighted Time-Use Meta-analysis

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association ◽

10.1016/j.jamda.2019.05.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1206-1212.e3 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chang Xu ◽

Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Kristine Færch ◽

Mette Aadahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Dose Response ◽

Time Use ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

All Cause Mortality

Download Full-text

Reliability and Validity of 2 Self-Report Measures to Assess Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2013-0546 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 727-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Keith P. Gennuso ◽

Charles E. Matthews ◽

Lisa H. Colbert

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of 2 currently available physical activity surveys for assessing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults.Methods:Fifty-eight adults (≥65 years) completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey for Older Adults (YPAS) and Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) before and after a 10-day period during which they wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (ACC). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) examined test-retest reliability. Overall percent agreement and a kappa statistic examined YPAS validity. Lin’s concordance correlation, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis examined CHAMPS validity.Results:Both surveys had moderate test-retest reliability (ICC: YPAS = 0.59 (P < .001), CHAMPS = 0.64 (P < .001)) and significantly underestimated SB time. Agreement between YPAS and ACC was low (κ = −0.0003); however, there was a linear increase (P < .01) in ACC-derived SB time across YPAS response categories. There was poor agreement between ACC-derived SB and CHAMPS (Lin’s r = .005; 95% CI, −0.010 to 0.020), and no linear trend across CHAMPS quartiles (P = .53).Conclusions:Neither of the surveys should be used as the sole measure of SB in a study; though the YPAS has the ability to rank individuals, providing it with some merit for use in correlational SB research.

Download Full-text

Abstract MP91: Self-Reported Sitting Time Using a Two-Question Method Is a Good Measure of Sedentary Behavior: Findings in the New York City Adult Population

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp91 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Stella Yi ◽

Katherine Bartley ◽

Melanie Firestone ◽

Donna Eisenhower

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Higher Education ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

York City ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Population Surveillance ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines

Introduction: Sedentary behavior is defined as activities that require low energy expenditure (1.0 - 1.5 [METs]). Sitting time is a specific domain of sedentary behavior that is associated with metabolic disturbances, decreased life expectancy, and mortality - outcomes that occur independent of meeting physical activity guidelines. Population-level prevalence estimates of the ‘active couch potato’, or active adults who engage in at least 7+ hours of sitting time a day, are needed. Hypothesis: We tested that the two-question method of self-reported sitting time would have adequate construct validity for population surveillance. Methods: The New York City Health Department conducted the 2011 Physical Activity and Transit (PAT) Survey using random-digit dial (cell and landline telephones) methods (n=3811); an additional subset of participants wore accelerometers for a seven-day period (n=679). Sedentary time was defined as accelerometer minutes with <100 counts on valid days (those with 10 hours of wear time). Self-reported sitting time was assessed from two questions on time spent sitting awake for daytime and evening. Construct validity was assessed using Spearman’s Rho and examination of a Bland-Altman plot. Multivariable regression models were used to assess demographic factors associated with sitting time and measured sedentary time. Prevalence of the ‘active couch potato’ was defined as those adults who were meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans of at least 150 min/week of physical activity, but who also self-reported sitting for 7+ hours per day, using both accelerometer and self-reported data. All data were weighted and analyzed in SUDAAN 10. Results: Self-reported mean daily sitting time was 444 min (7.4 hours); accelerometer-based mean daily sedentary time was 494 min (8.2 hours; correlation: r=0.32, p<0.01). The mean difference was 49 min/d (Limits of Agreement: -441-343). In adjusted models, higher measured sedentary time was associated with older age and higher education. Sitting time was higher in women, Asians and those with a higher education, and lower in foreign-born persons and Hispanics, compared to referent groups. The prevalence of being an ‘active couch potato’ was 56.9% and was highest among high-income, highly educated New Yorkers. Conclusions: Sitting time can be accurately assessed by self-report for population surveillance, but may be limited in characterizing individual-level behavior. Differences in measurement characteristics suggest that accelerometer-based measurements may not be an appropriate way to validate self-reported sitting time. Sedentary behavior appears to be prevalent in two different groups: (1) older adults and; (2) working-age adults of higher socioeconomic status. Targeted interventions to minimize extended periods of sedentary activity among these groups are warranted. 1

Download Full-text

Compositional Data Analysis in Time-Use Epidemiology: What, Why, How

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2220 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dorothea Dumuid ◽

Željko Pedišić ◽

Javier Palarea-Albaladejo ◽

Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández ◽

Karel Hron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Time Use ◽

Compositional Data ◽

Compositional Data Analysis ◽

Health It ◽

Future Directions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Daily Time

In recent years, the focus of activity behavior research has shifted away from univariate paradigms (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep) to a 24-h time-use paradigm that integrates all daily activity behaviors. Behaviors are analyzed relative to each other, rather than as individual entities. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) is increasingly used for the analysis of time-use data because it is intended for data that convey relative information. While CoDA has brought new understanding of how time use is associated with health, it has also raised challenges in how this methodology is applied, and how the findings are interpreted. In this paper we provide a brief overview of CoDA for time-use data, summarize current CoDA research in time-use epidemiology and discuss challenges and future directions. We use 24-h time-use diary data from Wave 6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (birth cohort, n = 3228, aged 10.9 ± 0.3 years) to demonstrate descriptive analyses of time-use compositions and how to explore the relationship between daily time use (sleep, sedentary behavior and physical activity) and a health outcome (in this example, adiposity). We illustrate how to comprehensively interpret the CoDA findings in a meaningful way.

Download Full-text

Reliability and Validity of Slovenian Versions of IPAQ-SF, GPAQ and EHIS-PAQ for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentarism of Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 430

Author(s):

Kaja Meh ◽

Vedrana Sember ◽

Saša Đurić ◽

Henri Vähä-Ypyä ◽

Paulo Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Short Form ◽

High Reliability ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Health Related ◽

Interview Survey ◽

European Health ◽

European Health Interview Survey

Health policies rely on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior data collected through PA questionnaires (PAQs). Validity of international PAQs varies among countries. Therefore, it is important to know the validity of the national versions of the PAQs to properly evaluate the results. We conducted a validation study of the Slovenian versions of the International PAQ Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Global PAQ (GPAQ), and the PAQ used in the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS-PAQ) on 306 healthy adults. The most valid and reliable constructs in all tested were sedentary behavior and vigorous PA (VPA), however the criterion validity of these constructs was low (Spearman’s ρ 0.38–0.45 for sedentary behavior and 0.34–0.42 for VPA). Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had low validity (0.26–0.29) despite being used as a standard measure of PA behavior. Participants over-reported MVPA for 17 to 156 min and underreported the sedentary behavior for more than two hours. The test-retest study found high reliability for sedentary behavior (0.69–0.81) and low to moderate reliability for PA behavior (0.42–0.76). The Slovenian versions of the observed PAQs are a useful tool for national PA surveillance, but for qualitative assessment of individual health-related PA behavior they should be combined with accelerometer-based devices.

Download Full-text

Physical activity and sedentary behavior in depression

10.31274/etd-20200624-174 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Perez

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior

Download Full-text