Long-Term Effects of Wealth on Mortality and Self-rated Health Status

The Influence of Self-rated Health on the Development of Change in the Level of Physical Activity for Participants in Prescribed Exercise Background: Knowledge is needed concerning whether intense prescribed exercise interventions are effective in regards to long term effects on physical activity levels. A successful and lasting outcome of a behaviour-change intervention is believed to be contingent on the inclusion of psychological issues such as self-rated quality of life and self-rated health. This study extends previous research conducted on the long-term influence of prescribed exercise on psychosocial issues. Specifically, it was hypothesized that participants' level of self-rated health (good or poor) at baseline was decisive for level of physical activity in the long term. Methods: This study is based on a secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental study of the impact of counseling on level of physical activity. The study included a baseline analysis of participants in a treatment group (TG) and follow-up after 4, 10 and 16 months. The TG included individuals with lifestyle diseases who followed supervised group-based training and received motivational counselling. The TG was divided into "good" and "poor" self-rated health at baseline. Linear growth curve analyses (multilevel linear regression) were used to examine the data. Results: The results yielded a statistical significant difference of 1.71 metabolic equivalents (MET) between participants with good versus poor health at baseline. Also, a difference of MET was observed at 10 months. MET increased by 0.85 units for participants with good self-rated health (SE = 0.094) from baseline to 16 months, though the increase between subsequent points in time was small and non-significant. In contrast, considerably more variation in the development of MET over time was observed among participants with poor self-rated health. Overall, MET increased by 2.53 units across the whole time span. Results were influenced by the overall proportion of drop-out for participants with good and poor self-rated health with values of 28% and 79%, respectively. Conclusions: Exercise on Prescription (EoP) improves levels of physical activity (MET) of participants with good and poor self-rated health in the long term enough to accommodate national guidelines of levels of physical activity. Participants with poor self-rated health will improve their level of physical activity to a clinical relevant level in the long term, if they manage to stay compliant during the observation period. An assessment of good and poor self-rated health supplemented by a discussion of psychical and physical domains of self-rated health as barriers by the general practitioner (GP), could possibly enhance compliance and thereby long-term adherence to physical activity.

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Integrating national surveys to estimate small area variations in poor health and limiting long-term illness in Great Britain

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016936 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e016936 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Graham Moon ◽

Grant Aitken ◽

Joanna Taylor ◽

Liz Twigg

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Health Survey ◽

Small Area ◽

Census Data ◽

Small Area Estimation ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Area Estimation ◽

National Surveys ◽

Self Rated Health

ObjectivesThis study aims to address, for the first time, the challenges of constructing small area estimates of health status using linked national surveys. The study also seeks to assess the concordance of these small area estimates with data from national censuses.SettingPopulation level health status in England, Scotland and Wales.ParticipantsA linked integrated dataset of 23 374 survey respondents (16+ years) from the 2011 waves of the Health Survey for England (n=8603), the Scottish Health Survey (n=7537) and the Welsh Health Survey (n=7234).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPopulation prevalence of poorer self-rated health and limiting long-term illness. A multilevel small area estimation modelling approach was used to estimate prevalence of these outcomes for middle super output areas in England and Wales and intermediate zones in Scotland. The estimates were then compared with matched measures from the contemporaneous 2011 UK Census.ResultsThere was a strong positive association between the small area estimates and matched census measures for all three countries for both poorer self-rated health (r=0.828, 95% CI 0.821 to 0.834) and limiting long-term illness (r=0.831, 95% CI 0.824 to 0.837), although systematic differences were evident, and small area estimation tended to indicate higher prevalences than census data.ConclusionsDespite strong concordance, variations in the small area prevalences of poorer self-rated health and limiting long-term illness evident in census data cannot be replicated perfectly using small area estimation with linked national surveys. This reflects a lack of harmonisation between surveys over question wording and design. The nature of small area estimates as ‘expected values’ also needs to be better understood.

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Self-rated health status transition and long-term care need, of the oldest Chinese

Health Policy ◽

10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.05.009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 97 (2-3) ◽

pp. 259-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Rong Peng ◽

Li Ling ◽

Qun He

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Term Care ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Status Transition

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Long-term Effects of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Anger on Hospitalizations or Death and Health Status in Heart Failure Patients

10.1101/2021.09.14.21263592 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J. Dimond ◽

David S. Krantz ◽

Andrew J. Waters ◽

Keen Seong Liew ◽

Stephen S. Gottlieb

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Health Status ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Kansas City ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Standard Deviation Increase ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction

Background. Chronic and acute stress and emotion predict incidence/recurrence of CHD, but long-term effects on HF exacerbations are poorly understood. This study determined long-term chronic and episodic effects of stress, anxiety, and anger on hospitalizations or death, and worsened health status in HF. Methods and Results. 147 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) completed measures of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; PSS), state anxiety (STAI), recent anger (RA), and HF-related health status (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; KCCQ) every 6 months for up to 39 months. Relationships of chronic (Mean) stress and emotion and episodic changes (Deviation) to subsequent hospitalizations or death and health status were determined utilizing Generalized Estimating Equation models. All-cause hospitalizations were predicted by chronic (Mean) PSS (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11, p=0.004), Mean STAI (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.03, 1.10, p<0.001), and episodic (Deviation) PSS (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, p=0.022). Mean PSS and Mean STAI also predicted cardiovascular hospitalizations. Each 1 standard deviation increase in Mean PSS and Mean STAI was associated, respectively, with a 61% and 79% increase in hospitalization or death. Anger was not associated with hospitalizations. Poorer KCCQ health status was related to higher Mean and Deviation PSS, STAI, and RA. Relationships to hospitalizations and health status were significant for Anxiety and Perceived Stress, independently of the other psychological measures. Conclusions. In HF patients, chronic perceived stress and anxiety and episodic stress increases are predictive of hospitalizations or death and worsened health status over a >3-year period. Mechanisms may involve sympathetic activation, and/or exacerbations of perceived symptoms or health behaviors.

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Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Irradiation on Periodontal Health Status – The Tinea capitis Cohort Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2015.00226 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Siegal Sadetzki ◽

Angela Chetrit ◽

Harold D. Sgan-Cohen ◽

Jonathan Mann ◽

Tova Amitai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Health Status ◽

Tinea Capitis ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Ionizing Irradiation ◽

Periodontal Health

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Prevailing over Adversity: Factors Counteracting the Long-Term Negative Health Influences of Social and Material Disadvantages in Youth

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15091842 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1842 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ylva Almquist ◽

Evelina Landstedt ◽

Josephine Jackisch ◽

Kristiina Rajaleid ◽

Hugo Westerlund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Regression Models ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Spare Time ◽

The Family ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Material Conditions ◽

Swedish Cohort

Disadvantaged circumstances in youth tend to translate into poor health development. However, the fact that this is not always the case has been seen as indicative of differential resilience. The current study highlights factors outside the context of the family with the potential to counteract the long-term negative influences of social and material adversity in adolescence on general health status. This study was based on two waves of questionnaire data from the Northern Swedish Cohort. From the wave in 1981 (age 16), indicators of social and material conditions as well as factors related to school, peers, and spare time were derived. From the wave in 2008 (age 43), information about self-rated health was used. Ordinal logistic regression models (n = 908) showed that adversity in youth was associated with poorer self-rated health in midlife among men and women alike, net of health status at baseline. However, having an advantaged situation with regard to school, peers, or spare time appeared to protect against the detrimental influences of disadvantaged circumstances in the family context on subsequent health. This suggests that health-promoting interventions may benefit from focusing on contexts outside the family in their effort to strengthen processes of resilience among disadvantaged youths.

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