scholarly journals The Longitudinal Associations of Perceived Neighborhood Disorder and Lack of Social Cohesion With Depression Among Adults Aged 50 Years or Older: An Individual-Participant-Data Meta-Analysis From 16 High-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergő Baranyi ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Stéphane Cullati ◽  
Jamie R Pearce ◽  
Chris J L Dibben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Individual Participant

Abstract Although residential environment might be an important predictor of depression among older adults, systematic reviews point to a lack of longitudinal investigations, and the generalizability of the findings is limited to a few countries. We used longitudinal data collected between 2012 and 2017 in 3 surveys including 15 European countries and the United States and comprising 32,531 adults aged 50 years or older. The risk of depression according to perceived neighborhood disorder and lack of social cohesion was estimated using 2-stage individual-participant-data meta-analysis; country-specific parameters were analyzed by meta-regression. We conducted additional analyses on retired individuals. Neighborhood disorder (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25) and lack of social cohesion (OR = 1.76) were significantly associated with depression in the fully adjusted models. In retirement, the risk of depression was even higher (neighborhood disorder: OR = 1.35; lack of social cohesion: OR = 1.93). Heterogeneity across countries was low and was significantly reduced by the addition of country-level data on income inequality and population density. Perceived neighborhood problems increased the overall risk of depression among adults aged 50 years or older. Policies, especially in countries with stronger links between neighborhood and depression, should focus on improving the physical environment and supporting social ties in communities, which can reduce depression and contribute to healthy aging.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities of Depressive Symptoms in the United States A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous ◽  
Karina M Cahill ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Longfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Minority Participants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Although a growing body of research has documented racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptoms in the United States, the precise magnitude of these differences is not known. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data to (1) estimate the average difference of depressive symptoms between Whites and racial/ethnic minorities, as well as differences between (i.e., Asian American, African American, Latinxs, Multiracial, Native American, other race) and within (i.e., Latinx: Central American, Cuban American, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, other Latinx) minority groups, and (2) determine if moderators account for these differences. We screened 2,425 nationally-representative studies from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), and identified 127 datasets of studies conducted from 1971 to 2018. We included 73 datasets from 26 nationally-representative studies (N = 2,116,853). The average absolute difference was d = 0.09, 95% CI [0.07, 0.12] between White and minority participants; was d = 0.07, 95% CI [0.06, 0.09] between minority participants; and d = 0.10, 95% CI [0.06, 0.15] within minority Latinx participants. Increases in socioeconomic status exacerbated these disparities. Psychometric analyses showed that measure reliability was related to larger differences. We discuss the implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Foliar Fungicides Applied for Potato Early Blight Management

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. R. Yellareddygari ◽  
Julie S. Pasche ◽  
Raymond J. Taylor ◽  
Neil C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Type 3

Foliar fungicides continue to be the primary means of early blight management on potato in the United States. Both premium-priced, single-site mode-of-action “specialty” fungicides and standard protectant multisite fungicides are applied, either alone or incorporated into fungicide rotation programs to combat early blight. Individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to compare overall fungicide efficacy against early blight on potato, quantify tuber yields, and identify the most efficacious timing for fungicide applications. In this study, the specialty fungicide-based applications were compared against the standard fungicides chlorothalonil and mancozeb applied alone. Type 3 fixed effects indicated that there was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in overall efficacy and yield among the treatments applied to manage early blight in potato. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) among treatments in early blight development during the growing season. Applications incorporating specialty fungicides, when compared with standard fungicides, significantly affected disease severity from vegetative growth initiation (P = 0.0139) to tuber maturation (P = 0.0009). Results demonstrate that the higher cost, specialty-fungicide-based applications were most effective for early blight management in North Dakota and Minnesota.

scholarly journals Inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions: systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039518
Author(s):  
Jack Michael Birch ◽  
Simon J Griffin ◽  
Michael P Kelly ◽  
Amy L Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Individual Participant

IntroductionIt has been suggested that interventions focusing on individual behaviour change, such as behavioural weight management interventions, may exacerbate health inequalities. These intervention-generated inequalities may occur at different stages, including intervention uptake, adherence and effectiveness. We will synthesise evidence on how different measures of inequality moderate the uptake, adherence and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions in adults.Methods and analysisWe will update a previous systematic literature review from the United States Preventive Services Taskforce to identify trials of behavioural weight management interventions in adults aged 18 years and over that were, or could feasibly be, conducted in or recruited from primary care. Medline, Cochrane database (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO will be searched. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs will be included. Two investigators will independently screen articles for eligibility and conduct risk of bias assessment. We will curate publication families for eligible trials. The PROGRESS-Plus acronym (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, plus other discriminating factors) will be used to consider a comprehensive range of health inequalities. Data on trial uptake, intervention adherence, weight change and PROGRESS-Plus-related data will be extracted. Data will be synthesised narratively. We will present a Harvest plot for each PROGRESS-Plus criterion and whether each trial found a negative, positive or no health inequality gradient. We will also identify potential sources of unpublished original research data on these factors which can be synthesised through a future individual participant data meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as no primary data are being collected. The completed systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at conferences, and contribute to the lead author’s PhD thesis. Authors of trials included in the completed systematic review may be invited to collaborate on a future individual participant data meta-analysis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020173242.

Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data on the Magnitude of Racial Disparities of Depressive Symptoms in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous ◽  
Karina M Cahill ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Longfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant

A growing body of research has documented racial disparities in depressive symptoms in the United States, although the precise magnitude on these differences is less well understood. This issue has important implications for informing public health policy, and developing and administering prevention and intervention strategies. In this protocol, we propose a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from nationally representative studies from the United States drawn from Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). Our three aims are to: 1) Estimate the overall average difference of depressive symptoms between Whites and minorities, as well as between- (e.g., African-Americans, Latinos) and within- (e.g., Latinos: Mexican-Americans, Cuban-Americans) minority groups; 2) Determine if age, sex, education, income, occupation, socioeconomic status, and other variables account for these differences; 3) Test the cultural differences and similarities hypotheses. We argue that these health disparities are the result of social inequalities.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States

BMJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 348 (jun17 16) ◽  
pp. g3656-g3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schottker ◽  
R. Jorde ◽  
A. Peasey ◽  
B. Thorand ◽  
E. H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant

scholarly journals Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1342-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. H. Madsen ◽  
S. T. Nyberg ◽  
L. L. Magnusson Hanson ◽  
J. E. Ferrie ◽  
K. Ahola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individual Participant

BackgroundAdverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression.MethodWe identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol.ResultsWe included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94–1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81–1.32).ConclusionsJob strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.

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