Effects of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Food Intake and Pictorial Stroop Response to High-Calorie Food Cues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Adams ◽  
Elise Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acute Dose ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Energy Dense Food

Abstract Aims We examined (a) the effect of an acute dose of alcohol on the consumption of energy-dense food and (b) on cognitive bias towards high-energy-dense food cues and (3) whether the effect of an acute dose of alcohol on the consumption of energy-dense food would be mediated by cognitive bias towards high-energy-dense food cues. Methods Heavy social drinkers (n = 40) abstained from drinking for 12 hours before testing. On the test day, participants completed pre-challenge measures of alcohol and food craving, and cognitive bias towards alcohol in a placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Participants performed post-challenge measures of alcohol and food craving, ad lib energy-dense food consumption and cognitive bias. Results We did not observe any of the hypothesized interactions between challenge condition, consumption of energy-dense food and cognitive bias towards high-energy-dense food cues. Conclusions Our data suggest that acute alcohol consumption does not influence the consumption of energy-dense food or cognitive bias towards high-energy-dense food cues. These findings may reflect that alcohol does not increase the appetitive value of food and food-related cues or that the measures used in this study were not sensitive to detect an effect. Further research is required to determine whether alcohol at higher doses and/or food cues that are frequently paired with alcohol intake stimulates changes in food intake and the reward value of food cues.

scholarly journals Stevia Beverage Consumption prior to Lunch Reduces Appetite and Total Energy Intake without Affecting Glycemia or Attentional Bias to Food Cues: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta S Stamataki ◽  
Corey Scott ◽  
Rebecca Elliott ◽  
Shane McKie ◽  
Douwina Bosscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACT Background Stevia is a zero-calorie alternative to caloric sugars. Substituting caloric sweeteners with noncaloric sweeteners reduces available energy, but their effects on appetite, subsequent food intake, and neurocognitive responses are still unclear. Objective The aim was to examine whether sweetness with or without calories influences food intake, appetite, blood glucose concentrations, and attentional bias (AB) to food cues. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Healthy participants [n = 20; aged 27 ± 5 y,  55% female; BMI (kg/m2): 21.8 ± 1.5] completed 5 visits, consuming 5 study beverages: 330 mL water (control, no sweet taste, no calories) and either 330 mL water containing 40 g glucose or sucrose (sweet taste; calories, both 160 kcal), maltodextrin (no sweet taste; calories, 160 kcal), or 240 ppm stevia (sweet taste, no calories). Glucose and stevia beverages were matched for sweetness. Subjective appetite ratings and blood glucose were measured at baseline and at 15, 30, and 60 min postprandially. At 15 min participants performed a visual-dot probe task to assess AB to food cues; at 30 min, participants were offered an ad libitum lunch; food intake was measured. Results Subjective appetite ratings showed that preload sweetness and calorie content both affected appetite. The total AUC for glycemia was significantly higher after the caloric beverages (mean ± SD: maltodextrin, 441 ± 57.6;  glucose, 462 ± 68.1;  sucrose, 425 ± 53.6 mmol × min × L−1 ) compared with both stevia (320 ± 34.2 mmol × min × L−1) and water (304 ± 32.0 mmol × min × L−1) (all P < 0.001). Total energy intake (beverage and meal) was significantly lower after the stevia beverage (727 ± 239 kcal) compared with water (832 ± 198 kcal,  P = 0.013), with no significant difference between the water and caloric beverages (P = 1.00 for water vs. maltodextrin, glucose, and sucrose). However, food-related AB did not differ across conditions (P = 0.140). Conclusions This study found a beneficial and specific effect of a stevia beverage consumed prior to a meal on appetite and energy intake in healthy adults. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03711084.

scholarly journals Homeostasis and food craving in obesity: a functional MRI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Stopyra ◽  
H.-C. Friederich ◽  
N. Lavandier ◽  
E. Mönning ◽  
M. Bendszus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives Food intake in obesity has been found to be reward-based and less contingent on homeostatic needs. Accordingly, previous studies investigating neural processing of food cues observed aberrant processing in reward- and control-related brain regions in obesity. To further investigate the relation between homeostasis and food intake, this study investigated the influence of glucose metabolism on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving in participants with obesity. Methods Twenty-five normal-weight and 25 women with obesity were examined on two occasions after receiving either water or glucose directly into the stomach using a nasogastric tube. Participants were blinded to the type of infusion and were required to refrain from eating for 16 h before each visit. An event-related fMRI paradigm was used to investigate the effect of intestinal glucose load on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving. Results A 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA revealed that craving regulation was associated with increased activation in fronto-parietal regions in participants with obesity when compared to healthy controls. However, this effect was observed independently from homeostatic satiety. A regression analysis revealed that the reduction of food craving was related to increased activation in the lingual gyrus in individuals with obesity following the infusion of water. Conclusions In participants with obesity, the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving is associated with increased neural cognitive top-down control and increased visual food processing. Since this observation was independent from satiety status, our results indicate a reduced influence of homeostasis on neural processing during food craving in obesity. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.org: NCT03075371.

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS in PSP: a Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study Using Mobile Health Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pilotto ◽  
Maria Cristina Rizzetti ◽  
Alberto Lombardi ◽  
Clint Hansen ◽  
Michele Biggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractThere are no effective treatments in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of theta burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on postural instability in PSP. Twenty PSP patients underwent a session of sham or real cerebellar rTMS in a crossover design. Before and after stimulation, static balance was evaluated with instrumented (lower back accelerometer, Rehagait®, Hasomed, Germany) 30-s trials in semitandem and tandem positions. In tandem and semitandem tasks, active stimulation was associated with increase in time without falls (both p=0.04). In the same tasks, device-extracted parameters revealed significant improvement in area (p=0.007), velocity (p=0.005), acceleration and jerkiness of sway (p=0.008) in real versus sham stimulation. Cerebellar rTMS showed a significant effect on stability in PSP patients, when assessed with mobile digital technology, in a double-blind design. These results should motivate larger and longer trials using non-invasive brain stimulation for PSP patients.

The effect of acute alcohol consumption on meal memory and subsequent food intake: Two laboratory experiments

Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 105225
Author(s):  
Thomas Gough ◽  
Paul Christiansen ◽  
Abigail K. Rose ◽  
Charlotte A. Hardman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Experiments

scholarly journals The Composition and Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Children Is Modifiable by the Household Dogs: Impact of a Canine-Specific Probiotic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Mira Forsgren ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Merja Nermes ◽  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Probiotic Intervention ◽  
Probiotic Product ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The development of the infant gut microbiota is initiated during pregnancy and continued through early life and childhood, guided by the immediate environment of the child. Our aim was to characterize the shared microbiota between dogs and children as well as to determine whether introduction to dogs of a dog-specific probiotic combination modifies the transfer process. We studied 31 children from allergic families with pet dog(s) and 18 control families without a dog. Altogether 37 dogs were randomized for a 4-week period in a double-blind design to receive canine-derived probiotic product containing a mixture of L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus, or placebo. Fecal samples from children and dogs were taken before and after the treatment. Distinctive gut microbiota composition was observed in children with dogs compared to those without a dog, characterized by higher abundance of Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae. Probiotic intervention in dogs had an impact on the composition of the gut microbiota in both dogs and children, characterized by a reduction in Bacteroides. We provide evidence for a direct effect of home environment and household pets on children microbiota and document that modification of dog microbiota by specific probiotics is reflected in children’s microbiota.

scholarly journals Evaluation of association of fragility fracture and bone mineral density in Nepalese population

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Md. Farid Amanullah ◽  
BP Shrestha ◽  
GP Khanal ◽  
NK Karna ◽  
S Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Study Results

Background: Fragility fractures are one of the major health problems. Many factors are associated with it some of which are modifiable and some are not. If we know the value of T-score at which fragility fracture occurs and associated factors responsible for fragility fracture than we will be able to control this burden to the society. The objective of this study is to determine association between fragility fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) using bone densitometry and to know the value of T-score at which fragility fracture occurs. Methods: Patients presenting to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences with fragility fracture of distal end of radius, fracture around hip and vertebral fractures were included in the study to know the value of T-score at which fragility fracture occurs and their associated risk factor. Patients less than 50 years of age, high energy trauma fracture and pathological fractures were excluded from the study. Results: We found that being multipara, smoking, alcohol consumption, post-hysterectomized patients and steroid intake had significant association with fragility fracture. There was no association with religion, geographic location, associated medical illness, age, sex, associated injury and site of injury. Conclusion: The patients with risk factor for fragility fracture like smoking, alcohol consumption, multipara women, post-hysterectomized women and those who are on long term steroid therapy should undergo BMD test and the value at -3.254 are prone to fragility fracture and should be treated accordingly. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 130-134 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8956

scholarly journals Energy Stores, Oxidative Balance, and Sleep in Migratory Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) and Whitethroats (Sylvia communis) at a Spring Stopover Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ferretti ◽  
Scott R McWilliams ◽  
Niels C Rattenborg ◽  
Ivan Maggini ◽  
Massimiliano Cardinale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Garden Warbler ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Sylvia Borin ◽  
Sylvia Communis

Synopsis Little is known about how songbirds modulate sleep during migratory periods. Due to the alternation of nocturnal endurance flights and diurnal refueling stopovers, sleep is likely to be a major constraint for many migratory passerine species. Sleep may help to increase the endogenous antioxidant capacity that counteracts free radicals produced during endurance flight and reduces energy expenditure. Here, we investigated the relationship between sleep behavior, food intake, and two markers of physiological condition—the amount of energy reserves and oxidative status—in two migratory songbird species, the garden warbler (Sylvia borin) and the whitethroat (Sylvia communis). In garden warblers, birds with high energy stores were more prone to sleep during the day, while this condition-dependent sleep pattern was not present in whitethroats. In both species, birds with low energy stores were more likely to sleep with their head tucked in the feathers during nocturnal sleep. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between food intake and the extent of energy reserves in garden warblers, but not in whitethroats. Finally, we did not find significant correlations between oxidative status and sleep, or oxidative status and energy stores. Despite our study was not comparative, it suggests that different species might use different strategies to manage their energy during stopover and, additionally, it raises the possibility that migrants have evolved physiological adaptations to deal with oxidative damage produced during migration.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects of Phyllanthus amarus on improving exercise recovery in sedentary men: a randomized crossover (double-blind) design

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thapanee Roengrit ◽  
Panakaporn Wannanon ◽  
Piyapong Prasertsri ◽  
Yupaporn Kanpetta ◽  
Bung-orn Sripanidkulchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Design
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