P3 Component as a Potential Endophenotype for Control Inhibition in Offspring of Alcoholics

SummaryEvent-related potentials (ERP) are regarded as age dependent. However, it is not known whether this is an intrinsic property of ERP or an extrinsic factor. We designed a setting in which ERP were evoked using a modified oddball paradigm with highly differentiable and detectable target and non-target stimuli. A total of 98 probands were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the latency and amplitude of the P3 component of visually evoked ERP. The mean P3 latency was 294 ± 28 ms and was not related to age (r = –0.089; p = 0.382; Spearman-rank-correlation). The P3 amplitude was related to age in the total sample (r = –0.323; p = 0.001; Spearmanrank-correlation) but not in the probands under the age of 60 years. There were no significant differences regarding sex. Our findings suggest that ERP are not age dependent if highly differentiable and detectable stimuli are used. This should be considered when normal values of ERP are created for clinical use.

Download Full-text

Electrophysiological evidence of different neural processing between visual and audiovisual inhibition of return

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86999-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Tang ◽

Xueli Wang ◽

Xing Peng ◽

Qi Li ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multisensory Integration ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Inhibition Of Return ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Perceptual Processing ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Neural Processing ◽

Electrophysiological Evidence ◽

P3 Component

AbstractInhibition of return (IOR) refers to the slower response to targets appearing on the same side as the cue (valid locations) than to targets appearing on the opposite side as the cue (invalid locations). Previous behaviour studies have found that the visual IOR is larger than the audiovisual IOR when focusing on both visual and auditory modalities. Utilising the high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique we explored the possible neural correlates with the behaviour IOR difference between visual and audiovisual targets. The behavioural results revealed that the visual IOR was larger than the audiovisual IOR. The ERP results showed that the visual IOR effect was generated from the P1 and N2 components, while the audiovisual IOR effect was derived only from the P3 component. Multisensory integration (MSI) of audiovisual targets occurred on the P1, N1 and P3 components, which may offset the reduced perceptual processing due to audiovisual IOR. The results of early and late differences in the neural processing of the visual IOR and audiovisual IOR imply that the two target types may have different inhibitory orientation mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Alzheimer disease detection and analysis using P3 component of ERP in Alzheimer type dementia

2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ◽

10.1109/iembs.2001.1019109 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

E.H. Park ◽

S.Y. Cho ◽

J.W. Kim ◽

W.W. Whang ◽

H.T. Kim

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Disease Detection ◽

Alzheimer Type ◽

Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽

P3 Component

Download Full-text

Late Positive Potential (LPP) or Slow Wave (SW)? Revisiting Slow Cortical Potentials After the P3 component

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 131 ◽

pp. S15

Author(s):

H. Nittono ◽

I. Matsuda

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Late Positive Potential ◽

Slow Cortical Potentials ◽

Positive Potential ◽

P3 Component ◽

Cortical Potentials

Download Full-text

Visual attention spreads broadly but selects information locally

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep35513 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Satoshi Shioiri ◽

Hajime Honjyo ◽

Yoshiyuki Kashiwase ◽

Kazumichi Matsumiya ◽

Ichiro Kuriki

Keyword(s):

Visual Attention ◽

Spatial Attention ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Early Stage ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Spatial Spread ◽

Local Selection ◽

Unified View ◽

Behavioral Evidence ◽

P3 Component

Abstract Visual attention spreads over a range around the focus as the spotlight metaphor describes. Spatial spread of attentional enhancement and local selection/inhibition are crucial factors determining the profile of the spatial attention. Enhancement and ignorance/suppression are opposite effects of attention, and appeared to be mutually exclusive. Yet, no unified view of the factors has been provided despite their necessity for understanding the functions of spatial attention. This report provides electroencephalographic and behavioral evidence for the attentional spread at an early stage and selection/inhibition at a later stage of visual processing. Steady state visual evoked potential showed broad spatial tuning whereas the P3 component of the event related potential showed local selection or inhibition of the adjacent areas. Based on these results, we propose a two-stage model of spatial attention with broad spread at an early stage and local selection at a later stage.

Download Full-text

Development of Impulse Control, Inhibition, and Self-Regulatory Behaviors in Normative Populations across the Lifespan

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0082 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher J. Hammond ◽

Marc N. Potenza ◽

Linda C. Mayes

Keyword(s):

Impulse Control ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Behavioral Observation ◽

Formative Period ◽

Self Report ◽

Dyadic Relationships ◽

Early Maturation ◽

Control Inhibition

Impulsivity represents a complex multidimensional construct that may change across the lifespan and is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, conduct disorder/antisocial personality disorder, and traumatic brain injury. Multiple psychological theories have considered impulsivity and the development of impulse control, inhibition, and self-regulatory behaviors during childhood. Some psychoanalytic theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulatory behaviors as developing ego functions emerging in the context of id-based impulses and inhibitory pressures from the superego. Object relationists added to this framework but placed more emphasis on mother–child dyadic relationships and the process of separation and individuation within the infant. Cognitive and developmental theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulation as a series of additive cognitive functions emerging at different temporal points during childhood and with an emphasis on attentional systems and the ability to inhibit a prepotent response. Commonalities exist across all of these developmental theories, and they all are consistent with the idea that the development of impulse control appears cumulative and emergent in early life, with the age range of 24–36 months being a formative period. Impulsivity is part of normal development in the healthy child, and emerging empirical data on normative populations (as measured by neuropsychological testing batteries, self-report measures, and behavioral observation) suggest that impulse control, self-regulation, and other impulsivity-related phenomena may follow different temporal trajectories, with impulsivity decreasing linearly over time and sensation seeking and reward responsiveness following an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the lifespan. These different trajectories coincide with developmental brain changes, including early maturation of subcortical regions in relation to the later maturation of the frontal lobes, and may underlie the frequent risk-taking behavior often observed during adolescence.

Download Full-text

Evidence for an Integrative Role of P3b in Linking Reaction to Perception

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.19.3.165 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 165-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 379

Author(s):

Rolf Verleger ◽

Piotr Jaśkowski ◽

Edmund Wascher

Keyword(s):

Decision Process ◽

Response Speed ◽

Perceptual Processing ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Choice Response ◽

Response Force ◽

Response Preparation ◽

Perceptual Analysis ◽

P3 Component

Abstract. Hypotheses about the P3 component of the event-related EEG potential have usually assumed that P3b reflects some processing independent from organizing the response. In contrast, the notion that P3b is related to a decision process implies some mediating function between stimulus and response. If P3b does indeed reflect the link between perceptual processing and response preparation (1) amplitudes should be as large in response-locked averages as in stimulus-locked averages, (2) this should be true independent of response speed, for separate subaverages of slow and fast responses, and (3) latencies should vary across response speed both in stimulus-locked and in response-locked averages. These hypotheses were tested in data evoked by visual and auditory stimuli in choice-response tasks. All three predictions were confirmed. In contrast to this balanced relation to perception and responding, fronto-central P3 with auditory stimuli was stimulus-related and, for comparison, the peak amplitudes of both the response-force and of the lateralized readiness potential were response-related. We conclude that P3b reflects a process that mediates between perceptual analysis and response initiation, possibly monitoring whether the decision to classify some stimulus is appropriately transformed into action.

Download Full-text

Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Modulation of Belief Updating

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 1803-1820 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marieke Jepma ◽

Stephen B. R. E. Brown ◽

Peter R. Murphy ◽

Stephany C. Koelewijn ◽

Boukje de Vries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Environment ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Learning Rate ◽

Future Research ◽

Belief Updating ◽

Cholinergic Systems ◽

Rate Study ◽

P3 Component ◽

The Impact

To make optimal predictions in a dynamic environment, the impact of new observations on existing beliefs—that is, the learning rate—should be guided by ongoing estimates of change and uncertainty. Theoretical work has proposed specific computational roles for various neuromodulatory systems in the control of learning rate, but empirical evidence is still sparse. The aim of the current research was to examine the role of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems in learning rate regulation. First, we replicated our recent findings that the centroparietal P3 component of the EEG—an index of phasic catecholamine release in the cortex—predicts trial-to-trial variability in learning rate and mediates the effects of surprise and belief uncertainty on learning rate (Study 1, n = 17). Second, we found that pharmacological suppression of either norepinephrine or acetylcholine activity produced baseline-dependent effects on learning rate following nonobvious changes in an outcome-generating process (Study 1). Third, we identified two genes, coding for α2A receptor sensitivity ( ADRA2A) and norepinephrine reuptake ( NET), as promising targets for future research on the genetic basis of individual differences in learning rate (Study 2, n = 137). Our findings suggest a role for the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems in belief updating and underline the importance of studying interactions between different neuromodulatory systems.

Download Full-text

Influence of transient spatial attention on the P3 component and perception of painful and non-painful electric stimuli in crossed and uncrossed hands positions

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0182616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. e0182616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karolina Świder ◽

Eligiusz Wronka ◽

Joukje M. Oosterman ◽

Clementina M. van Rijn ◽

Marijtje L. A. Jongsma

Keyword(s):

Spatial Attention ◽

P3 Component

Download Full-text

Mechanisms Underlying Age- and Performance-related Differences in Working Memory

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2010.21540 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1298-1314 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Kirk R. Daffner ◽

Hyemi Chong ◽

Xue Sun ◽

Elise C. Tarbi ◽

Jenna L. Riis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Working Memory ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Age Groups ◽

Task Demands ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

High Performing ◽

Young Subjects ◽

And Performance ◽

P3 Component

This study took advantage of the subsecond temporal resolution of ERPs to investigate mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory. Young and old subjects participated in a verbal n-back task with three levels of difficulty. Each group was divided into high and low performers based on accuracy under the 2-back condition. Both old subjects and low-performing young subjects exhibited impairments in preliminary mismatch/match detection operations (indexed by the anterior N2 component). This may have undermined the quality of information available for the subsequent decision-making process (indexed by the P3 component), necessitating the appropriation of more resources. Additional anterior and right hemisphere activity was recruited by old subjects. Neural efficiency and the capacity to allocate more resources to decision-making differed between high and low performers in both age groups. Under low demand conditions, high performers executed the task utilizing fewer resources than low performers (indexed by the P3 amplitude). As task requirements increased, high-performing young and old subjects were able to appropriate additional resources to decision-making, whereas their low-performing counterparts allocated fewer resources. Higher task demands increased utilization of processing capacity for operations other than decision-making (e.g., sustained attention) that depend upon a shared pool of limited resources. As demands increased, all groups allocated additional resources to the process of sustaining attention (indexed by the posterior slow wave). Demands appeared to have exceeded capacity in low performers, leading to a reduction of resources available to the decision-making process, which likely contributed to a decline in performance.

Download Full-text