scholarly journals Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Commercial Eggplant, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Philip A. Stansly ◽  
C. Mayra ◽  
G Avilez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Successive Treatment ◽  
Liquid Detergent ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
North And South ◽  
Commercial Field

Abstract A commercial field of staked eggplant was used ap-proximately 45 days after transplanting for this trial in the Culican Valley of Sinaloa, Mexico. The field was 100 m wide and approximately 2 km in length, located between 2 fields of corn. The crop had recently been sprayed with endosulfan (Thiodan®). Consequently, relatively few adult whiteflies could be observed although the presence of eggs and young nymphs indicated the likelihood of increasing infestation, and no further applications were made by the grower for the duration of the trial. Experimental design was completely randomized block with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. Beds were 100 m in length running north and south with 1.5 m between centers and 2 rows per bed. Plots were 4 beds wide and 15 m long with 1.5 m between plots (90m2). Three weekly applications were made beginning on 12 Feb with 2 Maruyama™ motorized backpack sprayers equipped with a hand-held boom carrying 2 bronze T-Jet™ D2 hollow cone nozzles containing #45 spinner plates. Each bed was sprayed from both sides with 5 liters per replicate of each treatment, delivering a volume of 60.5 gpa. Each plot was sampled for whitefly adults and immature stages prior to application. A beat pan made of an aluminum cake pan 22.5cm X 32.5 cm painted black and covered with a film of vegetable oil and liquid detergent (9:1) was used to sample adults. Three samples were taken in each plot by beating the pan 10 times against the foliage in the middle 2 rows and counting the whiteflies trapped in the oil mixture. Immatures were sampled by counting all whitefly eggs, small nymphs, large nymphs, and pupae in 4 lensfields of 1.77 cm2 per leaf (3 leaves per plot). Additional samples were taken 3 days after each successive treatment. Small nymphs, large nymphs, and pupae were combined as “immatures” for analysis.

scholarly journals Control of Aphids on Mustard in a Commercial Field, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
J. V. Edelson ◽  
M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Commercial Field

Abstract A commercial production field of mustard was used for this trial. Plants were grown in 6 row beds on 6 ft centers. The field was direct seeded in Apr approximately 1 mile west of Webbers Falls, OK. Small plots were delimited on one edge of the field. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 7 treatments. Insecticide applications were made on 23 and 29 May using a bicycle tire mounted sprayer with 4 hollow cone nozzles (TXVS26) per bed applying 40 gpa solution at 42 psi. Plots were 1 bed wide and 20 ft long with 5 ft alleys between plots. Insect populations were surveyed by examining 5 plants per plot on 29 May (prior to the second application of insecticides) and 3 Jun to determine treatment effects.

scholarly journals Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Collard, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
J. V. Edelson ◽  
M. Peters ◽  
J. Duthie ◽  
W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Broadcast Application

Abstract Collard seed was planted in Mar at the AREC, Lane, OK. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 9 treatments. Plots were 2 rows wide (72 inches) and 20 ft long with 20 ft alleys cut between plots. Plots were treated with insecticides using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a broadcast application of 72 inches from 4 hollow-cone nozzles applying 33 gal/A at 40 psi. Plots were treated on 4, 8, and 14 Jul. Plots were surveyed to determine larval abundance on 7, 11, and 17 Jul by examining 3 plants per plot and recording all larvae present.

scholarly journals 157 Susceptibility of Poinsettia Cultivars to Whiteflies

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 417A-417
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
Michael Crane
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Trichome

Twenty-four poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrima) were exposed to a population of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) for 6 weeks. Evaluation was based on the number of immature whitefly present on each of the marked leaves. The poinsettias that produce white bracts were more heavily infested with immature stages of whitefly than those cultivars that produce red bracts, while those that produce pink bracts were intermediate. There was a wide range in degree of whitefly infestation among poinsettia cultivars. Leaf trichome density also explained a portion of the variance in whitefly oviposition rates among several of the cultivars. Cultivars with high trichome densities sustained less whitefly oviposition than did cultivars with low trichome densities. Certain cultivars tested showed an appreciable natural resistance to whitefly (`Freedom Red', `Freedom Bright Red', `Red Velvet', `Cranberry Punch', `Pepride').

scholarly journals Different Application Schedules and Insecticide Rates for Control of Bollworm in Virginia Cotton. 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Over The Top

Abstract Different application schedules with insecticides at different rates were evaluated for control of bollworm in VA. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three, D2-13 disc-core hollow cone nozzles per row, one over the top of the row and one on each side. Four application schedule/insecticide rate combinations were tested: 1)3 applications at the standard rate, the 1 st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d, and the 3rd in l0d; 2) 2 applications at the standard rate, the 1st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d; 3) 2 applications, the 1st at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate, and the 2nd in 5d using the standard rate; 4) 1 application at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate. Egg threshold application was based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruil (squares or bolls). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 6 rows by 30 ft. Boll damage and bollworm numbers were determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Organic Fungicides with Adjuvants in the Prevention of Diseases at Wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Silvio D. Ferreira ◽  
Adriana C. Salvalaggio ◽  
Jaqueline de A. Barbosa ◽  
Neumarcio V. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Positive Results

The efficiency of fungal solutions, without wheat in organic systems, can be improved with the use of adjuvants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dispersion of fungal droplets of organic fungicides with adjuvants in wheat leaves and disease control efficiency. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 × 3, with 6 repetitions. The first factor corresponded to fungal solutions bordeaux syrup (200 g L-1) and lime sulfur syrup (200 g L-1) and second factor to the adjuvants: mineral oil and vegetable oil (0.5% v v-1) and one Witness without application.. On the adaxial side, the use of the mineral oil provided scatter of drop 111.8 and 25.7% higher, to the grouts without adjuvants and vegetable oil, respectively. The greater spreading of the droplets on the two foliar faces and a lower incidence of the diseases with the product of the lime sulfur syrup + mineral oil. The use of the adjuvants in the syrups evaluated with positive results in the production components, standing out the mineral oil.

scholarly journals Influence of Commercial Saturated Monoglyceride, Mono-/Diglycerides Mixtures, Vegetable Oil, Stirring Speed, and Temperature on the Physical Properties of Organogels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gerardo Rocha-Amador ◽  
Jose Alberto Gallegos-Infante ◽  
Qingrong Huang ◽  
Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzman ◽  
Martha Rocio Moreno-Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of gelator, vegetable oil, stirring speed, and temperature on the physical properties of obtained organogels. They were prepared under varying independent conditions and applying a fractional experimental design. From there a rheological characterization was developed. The physical characterization also included polarized light microscopy and calorimetric analysis. Once these data were obtained, X-Ray diffraction was applied to selected samples and a microstructure lattice was confirmed. Commonly, the only conditions that affect crystallization have been analyzed (temperature, solvent, gelator, and cooling rate). We found that stirring speed is the most important parameter in the organogel preparation.

scholarly journals Two alcoholic sources in the preparation, chemical characterization and acceptability of artisanal dovialis liqueurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Maria Cristina Copello Rotili ◽  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Gilberto Costa Braga ◽  
Solivan Rosanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Apple Fruits

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated two alcoholic sources in the preparation, chemical characterization, and acceptability of homemade Kei apple liqueurs. Kei apple fruits were harvested from 4-year-old plants and immediately transported to the laboratory. The liqueur prepared with vodka + fruits without the epicarp was named L1;the liqueur prepared with sugarcanespirit+ fruits with the epicarp and sliced was named L2. The infusion or alcoholic maceration stage was then performed, mixing the fruits with the alcoholic liquid. After the preparation of the alcoholic extract, the chemical characterization of the final products was performedand after 60 days, the sensory analysis and acceptabilityof the product were conducted. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 2 × 2factorial scheme (two types of fruits ×.two types of alcohol), containing three samples of liqueurs per replicate and six replicates per experimental plot. The liqueurs suited the parameters fixed by the Brazilian legislation for the chemical evaluation of these products. As for sensory analysis, L1 had good acceptability from tasters, with apurchase intention by 71% of them.

scholarly journals Ecofisiologia da cana-de-açúcar no sub-bosque de canafístula em arranjos de sistema agroflorestal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Felipe Elli ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Gizelli Moiano De Paula ◽  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Felipe Schwerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Line System ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
North And South

The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and thermal aspects of sugarcane, in North and South oriented lines, in ‘canafístula’ understory under two plant arrangements in an agroforestry system. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a 2x2x6 factorial, with two agroforestry systems (strip and line), two evaluation lines (North and South) and at six times a day (9am, 10am, 12pm, 2pm, 3pm and 4pm) with three repetitions. The evaluated characteristics were: incident photosynthetically active radiation (RFA), leaf temperature (TF), resistance to vapor diffusion (RS) and transpiration (E) using a digital porometer LI-1600 LI-COR. Analysis of variance revealed differences for the interaction of agroforestry system x evaluation line x time, for all variables. The physiological and thermal characteristics of sugarcane are influenced by plant arrangement, agroforestry system and the local evaluation within the system. The strip system lead to a higher available amount of RFA in its understory, which reflects in increased RS values and reduced E of sugarcane. The South line presented higher E for sugarcane in the morning period in strip system and lower during the afternoon for the line system, due to higher TF values.

scholarly journals Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control with Selected Insecticides, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-242
Author(s):  
S. Micinski ◽  
R. G. Scarborough ◽  
F. D. Forrester ◽  
J. B. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Red River ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
High Clearance

Abstract A small-plot trial was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) complex on cotton. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were planted 9 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15 G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) applied in-furrow at planting. Prior to trial initiation, plots were oversprayed for cutworms on 6 Jun (Karate 1 EC at 0.025 lb [AI]/acre); boll weevils on 9, 13, 18 Jun and 3 Jul (Vydate C-LV at 0.25 lb [AI]/acre); BW/TBW on 27 Jun (Baythroid 2 EC at 0.03 lb |AI]/acre), and 11 Jul (Karate 1 EC at 0.03 lb [AI]/acre); and for aphids on 17 Jul (Provado 1.6°F at 0.047 lb [AI]/acre). Insecticide test materials were applied on 14, 21, 28 Jul, 5 and 14 Aug in 5.9 gal total spray solution/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 noz-zles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Infestations of BW/TBW larvae and square damage were monitored on 17, 24, 31 Jul, and 7 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Following the trial, all plots were oversprayed for BW/TBW on 22 Aug with Karate 1 EC plus Curacron 8 EC at 0.028 + 0.75 lb [AI]/acre. Boll weevil eradication sprays with weekly applications of ULV Malathion (12 oz product/acre) were begun the week of 18 Aug. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 7 Oct.

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