scholarly journals Native and exotic earthworms affect orchid seed loss

AoB Plants ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (0) ◽  
pp. plt018-plt018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. McCormick ◽  
K. L. Parker ◽  
K. Szlavecz ◽  
D. F. Whigham
Keyword(s):  
Seed Loss ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Exotic Earthworms

Effectiveness of Seed Processing Machinery on Seed Quality Improvement in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
RABINDRA KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Gravity Separator ◽  
Term Storage

A series of seed-processing machines were used to evaluate seed quality improvement in paddy during the Kharif season 2013-14. The processing machines proved an efficient tool in producing quality seeds. The consistent and higher seed quality (germination 91.67% and physical purity 99.83%) could be achieved by efficient use of processing machines. The product and separate (reject) from individual machines were analysed to evaluate machine efficiency in separating the seed components as well as impurities from the harvested lot. The air-screen machines were found effective in removing dead seeds, whereas specific gravity separator removed abnormal seeds significantly. Gradual increase in seed quality was recorded with decrease in recovery in the processing line. Seed loss in reject port was always associated with handling of seed lots by each machine and observed only 1.30%. Specific gravity separator was found essential for the seed lot of medium-term storage or for the buffer stocking.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Axial Flow Rice Thresher Performance Optimization Using the Taguchi Technique

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anwer Abdeen ◽  
Abouelnadar Elsayed Salem ◽  
Guozhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Working Device

Combine harvesters are widely used worldwide in harvesting many crops, and they have many functions that cover the entire harvesting process, such as cutting, threshing, separating, and cleaning. The threshing drum is the core working device of the combine harvester and plays an influential role in rice threshing efficiency, threshing power requirement, and seed loss. In this study, two structures of rice threshers (conical-shaped and cylindrical-shaped) were tested and evaluated for performance under different thresher rotating speeds of 1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm and different feeding rates of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s. The experiment was designed using the Taguchi method, and the obtained results were evaluated using the same technique. The thresher structure and operating parameters were assessed and optimized with reference to threshing efficiency, required power, and productivity. The obtained results revealed that increasing thresher rotating speed and the feeding rate positively related to threshing efficiency, power, and productivity. The highest efficiency of 98% and the maximum productivity of 0.64 kg/s were obtained using the conical-shaped thresher under a 1500 rpm rotating speed and a feed rate of 1.4 kg/s, whereas the minimum required power of 5.45 kW was obtained using the conical thresher under a rotating speed of 1100 rpm and a feed rate of 0.8 kg/s.

Harvest Loss and Seed Bank Longevity of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) Implications for Seed-Mediated Gene Flow

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody E. Dexter ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Melissa J. Hills ◽  
Randall J. Weselake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Seed Mediated

Flax is a minor oilseed crop in Canada largely exported to the European Union for use as a source of industrial oil and feed ingredient. While flax could be genetically engineered (GE) to enhance nutritional value, the adoption of transgenic technologies threatens conventional flax market acceptability. Harvest seed loss of GE crops and the persistence of GE crop volunteers in the seed bank are major factors influencing transgene persistence. Ten commercial fields in Alberta, Canada, were sampled after harvesting conventional flax in 2006 and 2007, and flax seed density and viability were determined. Additionally, artificial seed banks were established at two locations in Alberta in 2005 and 2006 to quantify persistence of five conventional flax cultivars with variability in seed coat color (yellow or brown) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3cisΔ9,13,15) content (3 to 55%) at three soil depths (0, 3, or 10 cm). Harvest methods influenced seed loss and distribution, > 10-fold more seed was distributed beneath windrows than between them. Direct harvested fields had more uniform seed distribution but generally higher seed losses. The maximum yield loss was 44 kg ha−1or 2.3% of the estimated crop yield. Seed loss and the viability of flax seed were significantly influenced by year, presumably because weather conditions prior to harvest influenced the timing and type of harvest operations. In artificial seed bank studies, seed coat color or ALA content did not influence persistence. Flax seed viability rapidly declined in the year following burial with < 1% remaining midsummer in the year following burial but there were significant differences between years. In three of four locations, there was a trend of longer seed persistence at the deepest burial depth (10 cm). The current study predicts that seed-mediated gene flow may be a significant factor in transgene persistence and a source of adventitious presence.

scholarly journals Invasion of exotic earthworms into ecosystems inhabited by native earthworms

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Hendrix ◽  
G. H. Baker ◽  
M. A. Callaham ◽  
G. A. Damoff ◽  
C. Fragoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Earthworms

The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. W. LUTMAN ◽  
S. E. FREEMAN ◽  
C. PEKRUN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Decline Curves

The present paper reports on three sets of experiments exploring the persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The first, where known numbers of seeds were buried in September 1991 in two field experiments, demonstrated substantial initial losses of seeds, such that only 0·2 and 3·8% of seeds were still present after 4 months. In these experiments, which were not disturbed by mechanical cultivation, there was little evidence of further decline over the following 13 months. In the second of the two experiments, seeds were then left undisturbed for a further 136 months. A mean of 1·8% of seeds were still present after this period, providing further confirmation of the lack of decline in seed numbers in these undisturbed conditions. In the second pair of experiments, known numbers of seeds of three rape cultivars were broadcast onto plots and then either ploughed into the soil immediately after the start of the experiments, or were exposed to weekly shallow tine cultivation followed by ploughing after 4 weeks. The former created a larger seedbank than the latter. The experiments were then ploughed, annually (Expt 1) or at less frequent intervals (Expt 2); appreciable numbers of seeds survived for 65 months in both. Calculations based on exponential decline curves indicated that 95% seed loss would take 15–39 months, depending on the site, cultivar and initial post-harvest stubble treatment. The third part of the paper is based on more detailed studies of persistence of seeds of six cultivars in Petri dishes and buried in 25 cm pots. This work confirmed that cultivars differed in their persistence, as Apex was confirmed as highly persistent, whereas Rebel was short-lived. There were inconsistencies in the response of cultivar Synergy between the Petri-dish and pot experiment, which need further study. This experiment also reinforced the conclusion of the initial field experiments that little seed loss occurs in the absence of cultivations. Appreciable numbers of rape seeds will persist up to 4 years, in normal cropping conditions and in the absence of cultivation one experiment has confirmed persistence for over 11 years.

Seed loss through the urinary tract after prostate brachytherapy: examining the role of cystoscopy and urine straining post implant

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2695-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stutz ◽  
James Petrikas ◽  
Michael Raslowsky ◽  
Plato Lee ◽  
Michelle Gurel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Prostate Brachytherapy ◽  
Seed Loss

scholarly journals Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Paul Y. de la Bastide ◽  
Jonathon LeBlanc ◽  
Lisheng Kong ◽  
Terrie Finston ◽  
Emily M. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Host Tissues

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) is an important lumber species in Canada, and seed orchards are expected to meet the increased demand for seed. However, seed production has been consistently low in the Okanagan region orchards of British Columbia, Canada. To determine whether the fungal microbiome contributes to seed loss, histological and molecular approaches were used. Seed production was studied at seven Okanagan orchards, all outside the natural range of lodgepole pine, and at one near Prince George, within its natural range. Seed losses were highest in the Okanagan, compared with Prince George. The role of fungal colonizers in consuming seed during the last stages of maturation is described. Fungal hyphae were frequently observed at all locations in developing seed, particularly once storage substances accumulated. Fungi identified from host tissues using molecular and morphological techniques included Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Sydowia. The opportunistic foliar pathogen Sydowia polyspora, which is known to have a variable biotrophic status, was detected at most orchards within different host tissues (seeds, needles, and conelets), in association with pollen, and in the air column. Reduced seed viability observed in Okanagan orchards is most likely due to a combination of factors, including composition of the fungal microbiome.

scholarly journals Seed germination evaluation of Phalaenopsis amabilis in various media for long-term conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
DWI MURTI PUSPITANINGTYAS ◽  
ELIZABETH HANDINI
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Leaf Fertilizer

Abstract. Puspitaningtyas DM, Handini E. 2021. Seed germination evaluation of Phalaenopsis amabilis in various media for long-term conservation. Biodiversitas 22: 5231-5238. Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume (moon orchid) is one of Indonesia's national flowers, which is mentioned in Presidential Decree No. 4/1993. Study on the orchid seed of P. amabilis was conducted to observe the longevity of seeds storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of P. amabilis seeds after storage for years, then to predict the life span of the seeds, and to find out the best media germination for P. amabilis seeds. After harvesting, P. amabilis seeds were stored at –20 °C and the germination tests were carried out periodically in different periods until the seeds lose their viability to determine the optimum conditions for long-term seed storage. Four trial media cultures have been used to test seed germination by means of in vitro culture. The result showed that seeds of P. amabilis were able to germinate in 4 media i.e. Knudson C, modified Knudson C, modified Vacin & Went and modified leaf fertilizer. The best germination was on leaf fertilizer medium. Based on the research showed that the viability seeds of P. amabilis decreased sharply after 6 years stored. By using regression analysis, the life span of the seeds could be predicted can reach 9 years of storage which is sowing on the best media (leaf fertilizer).

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