A-164 The Role of Working Memory in Reading Abilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1219
Author(s):  
Brittny Arias ◽  
William Goulart ◽  
Samantha Gestido ◽  
Zachary Peart ◽  
D'anna Sydow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective To determine the extent to which memory can predict reading abilities after controlling for gender, age, and education. Method The participants were drawn from a de-identified adult clinical database. Two hierarchical multiple regressions (n = 246, Mage = 33.5, Medu = 13.8, 56% Caucasian, 58% Female) tested the ability of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Working Memory Index (WMI) Score, and the Weschler Memory Scale Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) Visual Working Memory Index (VWMI) Score to predict reading abilities on the Nelson Denny Reading Test (NDRT) Vocabulary and Comprehension Standard Scores after controlling for the effects of gender, age, and education. Results In both regressions, gender, age, and education were entered in step 1 and WMI and VWMI were entered in step 2. In analysis of Vocabulary, step 1 explained 8% of variance; after step 2 the model explained 21% of variance F (5, 240) =12.98, p < 0.001. WMI and VWMI scores explained 12% of variance after control variables, In analysis of Comprehension, step 1 accounted for 0.3% of variance; after step 2, the model explained 12% of the variance F (5, 240) = 6.54, p < 0.001. Conclusion WMI and VWMI contributed unique variance to Vocabulary (12%) and Comprehension (12%). This suggests that memory is an important predictor of reading abilities. Additionally, education becomes a significant factor when predicting Comprehension. This may suggest that education may mediate the relationship between memory and reading abilities. The results indicate the vital role memory plays to carry out processing and storage functions while reading.

Analyse von Querschnittsdaten zur Intelligenzentwicklung im Erwachsenenalter: eine Studie zur deutschsprachigen Version der WAIS-IV

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Daseking ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Datensatz (N = 1664), aus dem auch die Normstichprobe für die deutschsprachige Version der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) gezogen wurde, nach altersabhängigen Veränderungen kognitiver Fähigkeiten analysiert. Die niedrigsten Rohwertmittelwerte werden in der ältesten Altersgruppe erreicht, die Leistungsspitzen finden sich überwiegend im Altersbereich zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren. In den Untertests der Indizes Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einer bedeutsamen Leistungsabnahme mit zunehmendem Alter: In der ältesten Altersgruppe werden nur noch zwischen 50 und 60 % der Rohwertmittelwerte der leistungsstärksten Altersgruppe erreicht. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Heterogenität in der Rohwertverteilung zu. Für die Indizes Sprachverständnis und Arbeitsgedächtnis fallen beide Effekte deutlich niedriger aus.

scholarly journals Preliminary comparative study of cortical thickness in HIV-infected patients with and without working memory deficit

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261208
Author(s):  
Rafael Ferracini Cabral ◽  
Diogo Goulart Corrêa ◽  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Gustavo Tukamoto ◽  
Tadeu Takao Almodovar Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Cluster 2

Purpose Changes in cerebral cortical regions occur in HIV-infected patients, even in those with mild neurocognitive disorders. Working memory / attention is one of the most affected cognitive domain in these patients, worsening their quality of life. Our objective was to assess whether cortical thickness differs between HIV-infected patients with and without working memory deficit. Methods Forty-one adult HIV-infected patients with and without working memory deficit were imaged on a 1.5 T scanner. Working memory deficit was classified by composite Z scores for performance on the Digits and Letter-Number Sequencing subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (third edition; WAIS-III). Cortical thickness was determined using FreeSurfer software. Differences in mean cortical thickness between groups, corrected for multiple comparisons using Monte-Carlo simulation, were examined using the query design estimate contrast tool of the FreeSurfer software. Results Greater cortical thickness in left pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, and rostral and caudal portions of the left middle frontal gyrus (cluster 1; p = .004), and left superior frontal gyrus (cluster 2; p = .004) was observed in HIV-infected patients with working memory deficit compared with those without such deficit. Negative correlations were found between WAIS-III–based Z scores and cortical thickness in the two clusters (cluster 1: ρ = –0.59; cluster 2: ρ = –0.47). Conclusion HIV-infected patients with working memory deficit have regions of greater thickness in the left frontal cortices compared with those without such deficit, which may reflect increased synaptic contacts and/or an inflammatory response related to the damage caused by HIV infection.

scholarly journals Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Response Selection Predicts Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Woodward ◽  
Brittney Duffy ◽  
Haleh Karbasforoushan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractProcessing speed is the most impaired neuropsychological domain in schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcome. Determining the specific cognitive operations underlying processing speed dysfunction and identifying their neural correlates may assist in developing pro-cognitive interventions. Response selection, the process of mapping stimuli onto motor responses, correlates with neuropsychological tests of processing speed and may contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between behavioral and neural measures of response selection, and a neuropsychological index of processing speed in schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during performance of two- and four-choice reaction time (RT) tasks and completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS) Processing Speed Index (PSI). Response selection, defined as RT slowing between two- and four-choice RT, was impaired in schizophrenia and correlated with psychometric processing speed. Greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed in schizophrenia and correlated with poorer WAIS PSI scores. Deficient response selection and abnormal recruitment of the dorsolateral PFC during response selection contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. Interventions that improve response selection and normalize dorsolateral PFC function may improve processing speed in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

scholarly journals COGNITIVE STYLE “RIGIDITY-FLEXIBILITY OF COGNITIVE CONTROL” AND THE LEVEL INTELLIGENCE INDICATORS

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-315
Author(s):  
M.V. Mun ◽  
S.K. Berdibayeva ◽  
F.A. Sakhiyeva ◽  
S.S. Dossanova ◽  
M.P. Kabakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aim of the study. The first goal of the study is to determine the relationship of the cognitive style "rigidity-flexibility of cognitive control" with the level indicators of intelligence. The second goal of this study is to identify possible relationships between "rigidity-flexibility of cognitive control" and the properties of temperament. Materials and Methods. In this work the authors used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Stroop color–word-interference task, the Questionnaire of the formal-dynamic properties of individuality (QFDPI, designed by Rusalov V.M.), and 15 heuristic tasks, 5 tasks each in figurative, logical and figurative-logical form (designed by Kulyutkin Y.N., KrutetskiyV.A., Smallian R.). Results. The general success of solving heuristic tasks is determined by a complex of factors, which includes indicators of the flexibility of thinking, intelligence and “intellectual” temperamental properties. The flexibility of thinking is correlated with the level characteristics of intelligence in such a way that high levels of verbal, non-verbal and general intelligence correspond to the flexibility of cognitive control, low values of indicators of intelligence correspond to the pole of rigidity of this cognitive style; intellectually developed subjects are more flexible. Conclusions. The cognitive style of “rigidity-flexibility of cognitive control” can be considered as a meta-ability. This cognitive style correlates with indicators of temperament and intelligence, and to a certain extent determines the success of solving heuristic tasks.

scholarly journals Development and Reliability of the Indonesian Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)

Psychology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (14) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619
Author(s):  
Christiany Suwartono ◽  
Magdalena S. Halim ◽  
Lidia L. Hidajat ◽  
Marc P. H. Hendriks ◽  
Roy P. C. Kessels
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Correlations between Scores on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Carvajal ◽  
Jon Gerber ◽  
Paula Hewes ◽  
Kenneth A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised were given to 32 general psychology students (16 men, 16 women). All 15 Pearson correlations between the composite and area scores of Binet IV with WAIS—R IQs were statistically significant. Of 5 correlations for subtest pairs of the two tests, 4 (.59 to .86) were statistically significant. Binet IV may be a viable alternative or retest instrument for WAIS—R for use with young adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document