A-26 ADHD and Neurocognitive Functioning Following Late or Moderate Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1067
Author(s):  
Heather Hennrick ◽  
Maggie Gindlesperger ◽  
Nora Coultis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective This study sought to broaden the findings of the current research on the relationship between late and moderate preterm (LAMP) birth and long-term neurocognitive outcomes, specifically those related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). LAMP children were compared to term-born children on rates of ADHD prevalence and neurocognitive functioning. Method This cross-sectional study included 169 patients, ages 8–12 years, who completed neuropsychological evaluation; 30.2% were female, 37.87% identified with a non-White racial group, 36.7% were Medicaid, 18.34% had in-utero exposure to substances, 40.8% were LAMP, 9.47% were born following pre-eclampsia, 21.3% required intensive care at birth, and 51.5% had ADHD family history. Measures of intellectual functioning (IQ), attention, working memory (WM), executive functioning (EF), and processing speed were derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, Conners Continuous Performance Test, Second and Third Editions (CPT-2/CPT-3), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and NEPSY, Second Edition. Results ADHD prevalence was similar between LAMP (79.7%) and term-born children (75%), as were neurocognitive outcomes. Interestingly, no significant differences in performance-based WM or EF were observed between those with and without ADHD; inattention (CPT-2/CPT-3 Omissions) was the only performance-based measure that was significantly higher among those with ADHD (M = 61.93, SD = 15.35) than those without (M = 54.31, SD = 11.27), t(165) = −3.38, p < 0.01, 95% CI [−12.11, −3.13]. Conclusion(s) Prevalence of ADHD and measured neurocognitive outcomes were not significantly different between LAMP and term-born children. This affirms the multifactorial etiological pathways to ADHD and supports ADHD as a heterogenous neurocognitive presentation.

scholarly journals Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Contactin-1 Levels in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Chih-Ching Wu ◽  
Min-Jing Lee ◽  
Miao-Chun Chou ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Drug Naïve

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitates neuronal growth and plasticity, and is crucial for learning and memory. Contactin-1 (CNTN1) is a member of the subfamily of neural immunoglobulin and is involved in the formation of axon connections in the developing nervous system. This cross-sectional study investigates whether BDNF and CNTN1 affect susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 136 drug-naïve patients with ADHD (108 boys and 28 girls) and 71 healthy controls (45 boys and 26 girls) were recruited. Blood samples were obtained to measure the plasma levels of BDNF and CNTN1 in each child. We found that BDNF levels in the ADHD boys exceeded those in the control boys, but BDNF levels in the ADHD girls were lower than those in the control girls. Boys who had higher BDNF levels performed worse on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition, but girls who had higher BDNF levels made fewer omission errors in the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test. However, CNTN1 level did not differ significantly between patients and controls, and were not correlated to ADHD characteristics, regardless of gender. The findings suggest BDNF may influence sex-specific susceptibility to ADHD, but CNTN1 was not associated with ADHD pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Higher dietary diversity is related to better visual and auditory sustained attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1470-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Reza Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAttention is a complex cognitive function that is necessary for learning, for following social norms of behaviour and for effective performance of responsibilities and duties. It is especially important in sensitive occupations requiring sustained attention. Improvement of dietary diversity (DD) is recognised as an important factor in health promotion, but its association with sustained attention is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between auditory and visual sustained attention and DD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women aged 20–50 years who attended sports clubs at Tehran Municipality. Sustained attention was evaluated on the basis of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test using Integrated Visual and Auditory software. A single 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used for DD assessment. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined using the FAO guidelines. The mean visual and auditory sustained attention scores were 40·2 (sd35·2) and 42·5 (sd38), respectively. The mean DDS was 4·7 (sd1·5). After adjusting for age, education years, physical activity, energy intake and BMI, mean visual and auditory sustained attention showed a significant increase as the quartiles of DDS increased (P=0·001). In addition, the mean subscales of attention, including auditory consistency and vigilance, visual persistence, visual and auditory focus, speed, comprehension and full attention, increased significantly with increasing DDS (P<0·05). In conclusion, higher DDS is associated with better visual and auditory sustained attention.

scholarly journals Effect of noise on fatigue: correlation between the subjective and objective indicators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Derakhshan ◽  
Majid Moatamedzadeh ◽  
Rostam Golmohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Babamiri ◽  
Maryam Farhadian
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fatigue Measurement ◽  
Objective Indicators

Introduction: Fatigue is the exhaustion of the body or spirit that can be caused by stress, excessive work, drug use, physical or mental illness. Fatigue is a factor in reducing productivity and incidents. Therefore, measuring fatigue is important. The aim of this study was to determine the fatigue measurement based on subjective and objective indices. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 120 male and female students. By simulating the real environment of each person in the 50 and 70dB pressure levels for 40 minutes, before and after exposure to noise, the amount of mental fatigue was measured using the subjective index Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the objective index continuous performance test (CPT).  The results were analyzed using paired t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS 20 software. Results: Measurement results with both self-declaration scale and continuous performance test showed that mental exhaustion  was increased significantly after exposure to the mentioned pressure level, but the results of two methods were not consistent with each other. Conclusion: Considering that the VAS self-declaration scale is a subjective method, it seems that the mismatch of the two methods is more related to the ineffectiveness of this scale. Therefore, it is suggested that re-examination has to be done with more precise methods such as electroencephalogram.

scholarly journals Depression and empathy in health professionals who work in the long-term care institutions for older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Marina Miranda Borges ◽  
Ana Julia de Lima Bomfim ◽  
Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Empathy is an important factor to guarantee the quality of care provided in the long-term care institutions (LTCIs) for older adults, and depression is a factor that affects the health of the professional and, consequently, the care. Thus, it is important that studies are conducted on the relationship of these variables in this context. Objective: The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between empathy and depressive symptoms among health professionals working in the LTCIs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at LTCIs in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The final sample was constituted by 101 health professionals (i.e., caregivers and nursing technicians) with direct participation in the care of institutionalized older adults. The instruments were used as follows: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to assess empathy and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for the diagnosis of depression. For the analyses, the patients were divided into groups with and without depression, according to the score of the PHQ-9. Results: The prevalence of depression among health professionals was 19.8%. Significant statistical differences were found between the groups for the total score of the IRI (p=0.029), for the emotional domain (p=0.023), and for the personal distress (p=0.009). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the presence of depression among health professionals at LTCIs is related to the higher levels of empathy, especially in the emotional domain. Thus, future studies that contribute to understanding how care must be provided with empathy, but without harming the health of the professional, should be carried out.

Association of asthma with osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Shaheen ◽  
Jonathan I. Silverberg
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathologic Fractures ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous studies that examined the relationship between asthma, osteoporosis, and pathologic fractures found conflicting results. Objective: To determine whether asthma is associated with osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and fractures in U.S. adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 198,102,435 children and adults, including 10,129,307 with asthma, from the 2006‐2012 National Emergency Department Sample, which includes a representative 20% sample of emergency department (ED) visits throughout the United States. Results: ED visits of patients with versus without asthma were associated with higher odds of osteopenia (7 of 7 years: multivariable logistic regression of all years pooled; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.45 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.41‐1.50]), osteoporosis (7 of 7 years: aOR 1.85 [95% CI, 1.82‐1.88]), osteomalacia (7 of 7 years: aOR 2.00 [95% CI, 1.61‐2.49]), and pathologic fractures (7 of 7 years: OR 1.24 [95% CI, 1.20‐1.27]). Patients with asthma and with long-term glucocorticoid use had higher odds of osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteomalacia, and fractures compared with patients with asthma and without long-term glucocorticoid use. Patients with asthma and with fractures incurred significantly more inpatient admissions, and higher costs of ED and inpatient care. Conclusion: ED visits with asthma were associated with osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and pathologic fractures.

Prevalence and Predictors of Need for Seating Intervention and Mobility for Persons in Long-Term Care

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Bourbonniere ◽  
Laura M. Fawcett ◽  
William C. Miller ◽  
Jennifer Garden ◽  
William B. Mortenson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Independent Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to (a) determine the prevalence of need for wheel-chair seating intervention in two long-term care facilities in Vancouver, BC, (b) determine the extent of the residents' independent mobility within these facilities, and (c) explore the relationship between proper wheel-chair seating and positioning and independent mobility. The study population comprised 99 wheel-chair-using older adults. Four trained raters assessed need for seating intervention, using the Seating Identification Tool, and quantified extent and frequency of wheel-chair mobility, using the Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter. Results indicated that (a) there was a low need (overall 22%) for wheel-chair seating intervention in the two facilities, (b) half of the residents were independently mobile in their own rooms and on their units, but independent mobility decreased when greater distances needed to be travelled, and (c) the need for wheel-chair seating intervention was the only significant predictor of extent of independent mobility. These findings suggest that, where there are dedicated staff and equipment resources, the need for wheel-chair seating intervention can be minimized and independent mobility for long-term care residents maximized.

scholarly journals Job-related burnout is associated with brain neurotransmitter levels in Chinese medical workers: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3226-3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongcheng Yao ◽  
Shan Zhao ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Lixia Tang ◽  
Zhen An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Occupational Burnout ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job burnout and neurotransmitter levels in medical staff. Methods A total of 80 medical staff were enrolled in the study and assessed for occupational burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS). The levels of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex were analysed using an SP03 encephalofluctuograph. Results The levels of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), glutamate, acetylcholine (Achl) and dopamine (DA) were significantly lower in men than in women. Medical staff with lower levels of exhaustion had significantly higher neurotransmitter levels than staff with moderate levels of exhaustion. However, there was no significant interaction between sex and exhaustion on neurotransmitter levels. Canonical correlation showed that exhaustion was positively associated with 5-HT and DA, but negatively associated with NE and Achl, regardless of age and sex. Conclusion Neurotransmitter levels in the cerebral cortex were associated with job-related burnout in medical staff. The findings suggest that long-term job-related burnout may lead to behavioural and psychiatric disorders.

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