scholarly journals Examination of Regression-based Discrepancy Scores for the RBANS in Detecting Cognitive Impairment from an Archival Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F Goette ◽  
Andrew L Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Total Scale Score ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of regression-based formulas for the RBANS indexes in screening for cognitive impairment. Method A database of neuropsychological test results was created from archival records in a memory assessment clinic. The sample consisted of 83 individuals (37 males/46 females) with an average age of 70.1 (SD = 9.8) and 14.6 years of education (SD = 2.8). Diagnostic accuracy of regression-based predictions provided by Duff and Ramezani (2015) (Duff, K., & Ramezani, A. (2015). Regression-based normative formulae for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status for older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 600–604.) and from regression of WTAR standard score were examined via receiver operator characteristic curves. Preliminary generalizability investigation was completed using two additional datasets. Results The WTAR was found to mediate the relationship between education and all RBANS index scores. The WTAR standard score was also found to contribute uniquely and significantly to the prediction of RBANS performance. Results of diagnostic accuracy analyses showed similar discriminating accuracy for all scores. There was limited support for using the WTAR over demographic variables alone in the estimation of RBANS performance; however, the WTAR was found to be more predictive than education, indicating potential clinical utility to using the word-reading score over just years of attained education. Conclusions Use of these derived Total Scale score variants is recommended for the screening of cognitive impairment, particularly in individuals with superior or poor educational quality. Further research is required to evaluate the utility of these variations in more diverse samples.

scholarly journals Investigation of a neuropsychological screen for chemo-fog

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Ann Ouimet ◽  
Angela Stewart ◽  
Barbara Collins ◽  
Dwayne Schindler ◽  
Catherine Bielajew
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Battery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chemo Fog ◽  
Risk Of Misclassification

Research on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (the term ‘‘chemo-fog’’ is used by many investigators) supports the occurrence of subtle declines in function for a subset of recipients. Identification of vulnerable individuals via comprehensive neuropsychological batteries is complicated due to their lack of clinical utility and increased risk of misclassification. The goal of this paper was to evaluate the ability of a reduced battery to detect chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments. Data from our previous study (Ouimet et al. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 31:73–89, 2009) were used to compare a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising 23 tests with a reduced battery consisting of a subset of nine tests. A standardized regression-based approach revealed that a comparable numbers of participants were identified by both batteries, suggesting that individuals vulnerable to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment can be identified by a more selective battery. Further work is needed to clarify the neuropsychological tests most sensitive to detecting impairments associated with chemotherapy so that assessment batteries can be limited to these tests.

The Clinical Utility of the TYM and RBANS in a One-Stop Memory Clinic in Singapore: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
YanHong Dong ◽  
Melissa Tan Yi Ling ◽  
Kelly Ee Teng Ng ◽  
Aijing Wang ◽  
Esther Yee Shuang Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
One Stop

Background: We aimed to examine the discriminant validity of a brief self-administered cognitive screening test, the Test Your Memory (TYM) and a brief neuropsychological test, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), supplemented with executive and language tests (Color Trail Test [CTT] and modified Boston Naming Test [mBNT], respectively), in detecting cognitive impairment (CI) in a one-stop memory clinic in Singapore. Methods: Ninety patients ≥50 years old with a diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer disease were recruited from memory clinic. They received the TYM, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), RBANS, CTT, mBNT, and a gold-standard formal neuropsychological test battery. Results: The TYM had a significantly larger area under the curve (AUC) than MMSE (0.96 vs 0.88, P = .03) and was equivalent to MoCA in detecting CI (0.96 vs 0.95, P = .80). At the optimal cutoff points, the TYM (<38) was significantly more sensitive than the MMSE (<24) and MoCA (<20; P < .001). The RBANS had an AUC equivalent to the RBANS supplemented with CTT and mBNT (0.92 vs 0.86, P = .22) in detecting CI. The RBANS supplemented with CTT and mBNT was more sensitive than RBANS alone in detecting CI (sensitivity: 0.98 vs 0.93, P = .016) among patients screened negative using TYM. Conclusion: The self-administered TYM is superior to MMSE and equivalent to MoCA in detecting CI and could be implemented routinely. The RBANS supplemented with CTT and mBNT is more sensitive in detecting CI than RBANS alone therefore could be used for diagnostic purposes.

scholarly journals Investigation of a neuropsychological screen for chemo-fog

2011 ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Lea Ann Ouimet ◽  
Angela Stewart ◽  
Barbara Collins ◽  
Dwayne Schindler ◽  
Catherine Bielajew
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Battery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chemo Fog ◽  
Risk Of Misclassification

Research on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (the term ‘‘chemo-fog’’ is used by many investigators) supports the occurrence of subtle declines in function for a subset of recipients. Identification of vulnerable individuals via comprehensive neuropsychological batteries is complicated due to their lack of clinical utility and increased risk of misclassification. The goal of this paper was to evaluate the ability of a reduced battery to detect chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments. Data from our previous study (Ouimet et al. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 31:73–89, 2009) were used to compare a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising 23 tests with a reduced battery consisting of a subset of nine tests. A standardized regression-based approach revealed that a comparable numbers of participants were identified by both batteries, suggesting that individuals vulnerable to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment can be identified by a more selective battery. Further work is needed to clarify the neuropsychological tests most sensitive to detecting impairments associated with chemotherapy so that assessment batteries can be limited to these tests.

Estimation of premorbid intelligence and executive cognitive functions with lexical reading tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Pluck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence ◽  
Highly Correlated

Introduction: Estimation of premorbid function is essential to accurate assessment of cognitive impairments in clinical neuropsychology and behavioral neurology, and has numerous research applications. However, current methods are rudimentary and imperfect. We explored how lexical tasks can be best used to accurately and precisely estimate intelligence and executive functions.Methods: We studied lexical word pronunciation, lexical decision, and stem-completion naming in the estimation of cognitive ability, in samples of healthy adults (n = 143), and patients with cognitive impairment due to neurological illness (n =15). Cognitive assessments included intelligence (WAIS-IV), episodic memory, and eight tests of executive functioning, including Theory of Mind.Results: When examined at the group level, single word pronunciation was particularly robust in the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with dementia. However, as a case series, patients showed idiosyncratic patterns of preservation of lexical skills including on tests of pronunciation, lexical decision and stem-completion naming. All of these tasks were highly correlated with IQ scores in a non-clinical sample, suggesting that they could be used as estimators of premorbid intelligence. Simulated impairments in non-clinical controls suggested that the median score from the three different tasks had the highest correlation with, and provided the most accurate and precise estimates of, intelligence, and was also the least sensitive to impairment. Finally, we show that these methods also predict executive functions, in particular, strong correlations were found for proverb interpretation, phonemic/semantic alternating verbal fluency, and working memory span performance. Conclusions: Several lexical tasks are potentially useful in predication of pre-illness cognitive ability in patients with neurological or psychiatric illness. However, due to the heterogeneity of impairments between patients, estimation of premorbid levels could be improved by the use of the median estimated values from multiple tests. This could potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and quantification of neuropsychological impairments.

Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Nutritional Elements

Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.

scholarly journals Frequency of But Not Capacity for Participation in Everyday Activities Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Late Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482098428
Author(s):  
Chao-Yi Wu ◽  
Juleen Rodakowski ◽  
Lauren Terhorst ◽  
Mary Amanda Dew ◽  
Meryl Butters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Test ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Activity Frequency ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Life Function

We examined features of everyday activities (capacity and frequency) between older adults with and without cognitive impairment over 12 months. Participants aged ≥60 years and at risk for depression were included (n = 260); 26% ( n = 69) had an acquired cognitive impairment at baseline. Cognitive impairment was defined as one standard deviation below norms on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Features of everyday activities were measured by a computerized adaptive test version of Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) at six time points (baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12 months). There were significant between-group differences in activity frequency ( p = .04), but not activity capacity ( p = .05). The group difference in activity frequency exceeded minimal detectable changes (MDC90 = 3.7) and reached moderate clinical meaningfulness (∆ at six time points = 3.7–4.7). Generalized linear mixed models revealed no Group × Time interactions on activity capacity and frequency ( p = .65 and p = .98). Practitioners may assess changes in activity frequency to monitor cognitive status of clients even when there is no loss of activity capacity.

Changes in Intellectual Performance of Acute and Chronic Schizophrenics

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Kingsley ◽  
Elmer L. Struening
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Intellectual Performance ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Differential Deficit ◽  
Performance Results

Army induction scores on the Armed Forces Qualification Test were available on 50 acute schizophrenics, 30 chronic schizophrenics, and 50 enlisted men. The Army General Classification Test was administered to the acute schizophrenics within 1 wk. after being hospitalized for schizophrenia, to the chronic schizophrenics up to 20 yr. after their first hospitalization for schizophrenia and to the enlisted men some time after induction. Difference scores were computed for all Ss by subtracting the standard test score of the AGCT from the standard score of the AFGT received at induction. The three groups were matched on education and test performance at induction. At the second testing, both acute and chronic schizophrenics scored significantly below controls. However, the chronic schizophrenics were not differentiated from the acute schizophrenics on test performance. Results suggested differential deficit in chronic schizophrenics but not in acute schizophrenics. Implications for further research were drawn.

The Ten Point Clock Test: A Quick Screen and Grading Method for Cognitive Impairment in Medical and Surgical Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Manos ◽  
Rae Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the ten point clock test in screening for and grading cognitive deficits in medical and surgical patients. Method: The setting was the hospital and clinics of Virginia Mason Medical Center, a tertiary referral center. Consecutive samples of hospitalized patients, and clinic outpatients—with and without a dementia—were administered the ten point clock test as well as a number of other neuropsychological tests and measures of cognitive impairment. Results: Clock scores correlated with neuropsychological test scores and with the mini-mental state examination. They were stable from rater to rater, and from day to day in stable patients. The mean clock score of elderly outpatient controls was 8.5, significantly different from the mean of 5.5 scored by patients with a dementia. A cut off score of seven identified 76 percent of outpatients with dementia and 78 percent of elderly controls. Clock scores correlated well with nurses' ratings of their inpatients' cognitive deficits (Spearman's rs = −0.61). The test was easy to administer, even to hospitalized patients. Conclusions: The ten point clock test is reliable, valid, and useful as a quick screen and grading method for cognitive deficits in medical and surgical patients.

“Don’t know” sign: description and evaluation of its diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Rego-García ◽  
José Antonio Medina Gámez ◽  
Carmen Valderrama-Martín ◽  
Virginia Guillén Martínez ◽  
Rosa Vílchez Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document