scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Concussed Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
K Stephenson-Brown ◽  
A Otwell ◽  
P Schatz ◽  
M Womble ◽  
R J Elbin
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Clinical Visit ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose To document the relationship between concussion symptoms and state anxiety in concussed adolescent athletes. Methods One hundred fifty-three concussed athletes (mean age=16.06, SD=1.62 yrs.) completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at their initial clinical visit within 30 days of injury (M=8.29, SD=6.46 days). Due to violations of normality (Shapiro-Wilk=.95), Spearman’s Rank Order correlations were conducted between STAI state scores and PCSS affective, somatic, cognitive-migraine-fatigue, and sleep clusters and total symptoms. Correlations were also conducted within sub-samples of patients seen within one week (M=3.80, SD=1.72days) and 8 – 30 days post-injury (M=13.91, SD=5.76 days). Statistical significance was set at (p<.05). Results In the total sample (n=153), STAI state scores were significantly associated with total symptoms (r=.54), and the affective (r=.53), sleep (r=.44), cognitive-migraine-fatigue (r=.47), and somatic (r=.33) symptom clusters. All significant relationships among STAI state scores and PCSS total symptoms and symptom clusters were retained for patients seen within 1 week as well as patients completing their first clinical visit 8-30 days post-concussion (p<.05). Conclusion Post-concussion endorsement of concussion symptoms increases as a function of state anxiety. Although the PCSS affective symptom cluster is not a validated measure to diagnose anxiety; these findings support the utility of the PCSS to evaluate for potentially elevated anxiety in concussed adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals A-41 Exploring the Influence of Referral Source on State Anxiety Levels of Concussed Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
K Stephenson ◽  
M N Womble ◽  
R J Elbin
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Referral Source ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Clinical Visit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective To explore the influence of referral source on state anxiety in concussed athletes. Method One hundred thirty athletes (mean age = 16.46, SD = 1.93 yrs; 42% female) seeking care for a concussion at a specialty clinic within 30 days of injury (M = 8.83, SD = 6.12 days) were enrolled in the study. Demographic (e.g., age, sex, and history of anxiety) and referral source (e.g., emergency department/urgent care, primary care/pediatrician, and athletic trainer) information were collected, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered to all participants. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare STAI scores between referral groups, and a logistic regression (LR) was used to assess the relationship between referral sources and patients with and without clinical levels of state anxiety (STAI &gt; 40). Statistical significance for all analyses was (p &lt; .05). Results Approximately 25% (32/130) of patients reported a history of anxiety, and 46% (60/130) scored above clinical cutoffs for clinical anxiety. The referral groups did not differ on STAI scores (F(3, 130) = 1.12, p = .34), and the LR was not significant, (χ2(2, N = 130) = 3.75, p = 0.15). Conclusions History of anxiety was highly correlated with state anxiety at the first clinical visit; however, patients referred from different medical sources did not differ on clinical levels of anxiety at the first clinical visit following concussion.

On the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Anxiety among Italian Undergraduates

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nigro ◽  
I. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

139 Italian undergraduates (61 men and 78 women) responded to the Italian version of the Christie's Mach IV scale and to the Italian version of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Positive correlations between Mach IV scores and both State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety scores were found for both sexes. The authors hypothesized that moderate anxiety may be associated with high Machiavellianism. Further implications of the findings were discussed.

Effects of Color and Trait Anxiety on State Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Reeves ◽  
Ed M. Edmonds ◽  
Dollie L. Transou
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Condition ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
The Relationship

A 2 (trait anxiety) × 4 (color) factorial design was used to determine the effects of red, green, yellow, and blue on state anxiety as a function of high and low trait anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess both trait (A-Trait) and state (A-State) anxiety for the 10 students assigned to each of the eight treatment combinations. High A-Trait students were significantly more anxious while viewing blue, red, and green than were the low A-Trait students and blue produced significantly more state anxiety than did either yellow or green. These results are consistent with state-trait theory and indicate that the effects of color on state anxiety may be confounded with trait anxiety unless the levels of A-Trait are equivalent for each color condition. The role of cultural and individual differences in the relationship between color and emotion and implications for research are discussed.

Comeditation: An Exploratory Study of Pulse and Respiration Rates and Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fasko ◽  
Geri Hall ◽  
Michael R. Osborne ◽  
Richard W. Boerstler Hulen Kornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seriously Ill

To achieve deep relaxation in seriously ill persons, Tibetan medicine has employed a breathing process, known as “comeditation,” which requires a caregiver to focus attention on the chest of the reclining patient while making a sound or number keyed to the patient's exhalation. This study investigated the relationship between state and trait anxiety and lowered respiratory rate, using the comeditation procedure. Ten subjects were assigned randomly to either a control or comeditation group. Anxiety was measured on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis indicated a decrease in State-Anxiety scores in the comeditation group, but no differences between groups in pulse and respiration rates or trait anxiety. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

TRAIT ANXIETY AND FEARFULNESS

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean G. Kilpatrick ◽  
Philip G. Mcleod
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Fear Survey Schedule ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate the relationship between trait anxiety (TA) and fearfulness, 36 female nursing students were given the Wolpe-Lang Fear Survey Schedule (FSSIII) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAT). High TA subjects selected from this sample were found to be more fearful than low TA subjects, and a correlation of 0.52 was obtained between fearfulness scores and TA scores. An analysis of the items and situations rated as most fear-producing indicated that half of these items represented social or interpersonal fears, and that one-third of the subjects rated harmless snakes as very much disturbing. These findings appear to support Spielberger's contention that TA represents susceptibility to arousal of state anxiety by a variety of stimuli and stimulus situations.

Effects of Orienting Instructions, Feedback-Information, and Trait-Anxiety Level on State-Anxiety

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Failure Feedback ◽  
Differential Increase

This study evaluated the effects of orienting instructions and feedback-information on state anxiety (A-state) for Ss who differed in trait anxiety (A-trait). A-state and A-trait were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Differential orienting instructions (ego vs task) had no effect on change in A-state scores from a pretest to a test period. However, differential feedback-information was a significant determinant of change in A-state, with failure-feedback inducing greater increases in A-state than either no feedback or success-feedback. The largest differential increase in A-state scores between Ss high and low in A-trait occurred with the failure-feedback, though this effect only approached statistical significance.

scholarly journals Standardization and Convergent Validation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with measures of Personality, Affective Control and, Risk Propensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Joshi ◽  
Chandra Pratap Daksha ◽  
V. S. Chandrasekhar Pammi ◽  
Bhoomika Rastogi Kar
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The State ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Convergent Validation ◽  
The Relationship

We standardized the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) on 407 young adults. Norms (high, medium, and low anxiety scores) were derived based on T scores and percentile ranks. Convergent validation was performed using correlation and multiple regression analysis followed by moderation analysis to study the relationship between STAI and NEO-FFI 3, Affective Control Scale, and Risk Propensity Scale. Results suggest that higher openness to experience acts as a protective factor against both state and trait anxiety. State anxiety emerged as a significant predictor for both affective control and risk propensity. While trait anxiety moderated the relationship between personality and affective control as well as personality and risk propensity. Higher levels of trait anxiety seem to increase the disabling effect of neuroticism on affective control; risk propensity is least for low trait anxiety and high conscientiousness. These results highlight the differential effects of types of anxiety and also to investigate the structure of STAI with Trait and State Anxiety not simply as two sides of the same coin but themselves as different constructs. The current study adds to the evidence that STAI is a valuable measure for investigating the effect of anxiety in healthy adults across populations/cultures and that anxiety is correlated with cognitive-affective-predisposition factors.

EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN TURKISH COLLEGE STUDENTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Karagözoğlu ◽  
William G. Masten ◽  
Mustafa Baloğlu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the constructs of depression and anxiety were examined with 443 Turkish college students. Significant correlations were found. Factor analyses computed with state and trait anxiety, as defined as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) and depression, as defined as the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck & Steer, 1993) supported the notion that anxiety and depression may be two different psychological constructs; however the distinction was not clearcut. The results showed bidimensional structures for both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Relationships indicate that the BDI-II is measuring trait depression. Results were discussed in relation to previous studies.

State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory State Anxiety Scale--Parent Version

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Shain ◽  
Maryland Pao ◽  
Mary V. Tipton ◽  
Sima Zadeh Bedoya ◽  
Sun J. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Parent Version

Anxiety in Asthma: Panic-Fear Symptomatology and Personality in Relation to Manifest Anxiety

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kinsman ◽  
Jerald F. Dirks ◽  
Nancy Wray Dahlem ◽  
Audrey S. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Asthma Attack ◽  
Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale ◽  
Symptom Reports ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
Moderate Relationship

Anxiety in asthma has been measured in two ways. The MMPI Panic-Fear scale is a measure of general, nonillness specific anxiety and the Panic-Fear symptom scale of the Asthma Symptom Checklist is a measure of illness-specific anxiety focused on the asthma attack. Both measures relate to response styles in asthma which contribute to the maintenance of illness. In the present study of 140 asthmatic patients, MMPI Panic-Fear scores were highly related to trait-anxiety measured by the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, even after partialling out checklist Panic-Fear symptom scores. In contrast, Panic-Fear symptomatology had a more moderate relationship to the Taylor Anxiety scores and was independent of the Taylor scores after partialling out MMPI Panic-Fear scores. The results support earlier findings suggesting that MMPI Panic-Fear measures trait anxiety. In contrast, checklist Panic-Fear symptom reports measure an illness-specific state anxiety that is not per se a measure of trait anxiety.

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