Conflict of Interest in Research and Publication: Has the Pendulum Swung Too Far?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Glicksman
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
International Association ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
Medical Articles

Abstract Traditionally there has been a collaboration between scientists and industry contributing to the development of new drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Conflict-of-interest (COI) may develop amongst surgeons and academic researchers especially during the process of refinement of techniques and the marketing and sale of devices. Dramatic examples of COI occurred over the last fifty years leading to strict regulations designed to reduce COI at research institutions. Action taken by the International Association of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) created COI guidelines to help authors and editors to ensure clear, reproducible, and unbiased medical articles. The Physicians Payments Sunshine Act was designed to increase transparency of financial relationships between physicians and industry. However, there are instances where authors and scientists are not obligated to fully disclose their COI. Only direct payments are required to be reported, not indirect payments to faculty at large academic institutions, allowing some to take advantage of the exceptions to the disclosure requirements while others must disclose payment for their work effort. Based on prominent scandals, regulations aimed at reducing industry influence in research and publication may fail to recognize the potential benefits of collaboration and produce a narrow-minded view of trust. Where should an editorial board or an academic institution draw the line?

scholarly journals Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Marika Cordaro ◽  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Alessio Filippo Peritore ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Interest In Research

AbstractGastric ulcer or peptic ulcer is a common disease worldwide. Basically, it develops when there is an imbalance between the protective and aggressive factors, especially at the luminal surface of epithelial cells. Thus, there is a constant interest in research new drugs for treatment of gastric ulcer. The snail secretion is a dense mucous, that covers the external surface of the snails, with important functions for the survival of snails. The biological proprieties of snail Helix Aspersa Muller mucus it has been known for centuries to treat human disorders in particular for skin disease. Recently the use of snail mucus has seen a worldwide increase, as a component in cosmetic product and it has been used in particular for the management of wound and skin disorders. In this study we use a murine model of ethanol intragastric administration which has been widely used to test the drugs efficacies and to explore the underlying mechanism for gastric ulcer development. The intragastric ethanol administration causes several mucosal damages and an induction of a severe inflammatory response. Our results show a significant protective effect of snail secretion filtrate in reducing macroscopic and histological lesions, as well the protective effect on mucus content, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In conclusion this study demonstrate the protective effect of intragastrical snail secretion filtrate, in a model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice, suggesting its possible useful use in the treatment or prevention of gastric ulcer.

Introduction

Popular Music ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
David Horn
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
International Association ◽  
Outstanding Contribution ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Vernacular Music ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up

This issue of Popular Music is produced in honour of Paul Oliver, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to popular music scholarship.Paul was a member of the original Editorial Board for Popular Music when it was set up in 1980 and continued to serve as a member of that body, and subsequently of the Editorial Group, until 1990. He was also a founding member of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music and has maintained a keen interest in the organisation, continuing to attend, and speak at, its international conferences. His vision of both the potential and the needs of the Association as a global network lay behind his proposal in 1985 that a project be undertaken to compile a worldwide encyclopedia of popular music, an idea which subsequently bore fruit in EPMOW (The Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World). All these achievements are worth celebrating in themselves, but it is Paul's outstanding contribution to scholarship in the area of vernacular – particularly African-American vernacular – music that we wish to honour with this issue.

scholarly journals Does online anonymity boost illegal market trading?

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Online Anonymity ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Drug Sellers

Anonymity allows the online trade in illegal products and services on cryptomarkets to flourish in spite of being enacted in a public location. Bolstered by the extensive media coverage of the cryptomarket trade in drugs, fraud and weapons, these platforms may function as a kind of criminal ‘gateway’, and in so doing facilitate – or indeed amplify – criminality. I argue, however, that researchers must establish – not assume – that the criminality facilitated by online anonymity will exclusively and uniformly produce more harmful outcomes. I consider here two possibilities in connection to the cryptomarket trade in illegal drugs: reduced drug market violence and reduced drug harms to users. Whether these potential ‘benefits’ are viewed as valuable will vary and depend substantially on the perspective and interests of the observer, including drug sellers, drug buyers, law enforcement officials, and academic researchers.

Conflict of interest policies and disclosure requirements among European Society of Cardiology national cardiovascular journals

Heart ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. e1-e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Alfonso ◽  
Adam Timmis ◽  
Fausto J Pinto ◽  
Giuseppe Ambrosio ◽  
Hugo Ector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
European Society ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
National Cardiovascular

Chemosensitivity (CS) of patient (pt) breast cancer (BrCa) cells in vitro: Correlation with prior chemotherapy (CT) and implications for personalized treatment planning

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11563-e11563
Author(s):  
P. W. Whitworth ◽  
C. A. Presant ◽  
J. Rutledge ◽  
A. Hallquist ◽  
M. Perree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clin Oncol ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
International Standards ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Interest Policy

e11563^ Background: A predictive BrCa chemosensitivity assay will facilitate individualized treatment. Unlike older assays, the Microculture Kinetic (MiCK) assay measures active apoptosis. In order to determine the in vitro CS of pt BrCa cells, we tested pt tumor cells (tc) in vitro using the MiCK assay. Methods: Tumor excisions or biopsies were sent to a central laboratory, prepared using our previously described MiCK technology (Lab Invest 74: 557, 1996) and tc apoptosis was measured over 48 hours with various drugs. In vitro results were compared to clinical status. CS was measured in kinetic units of apoptosis (KU) with inactive <1.0, low CS 1.0–2.59, moderate CS 2.6–4.2, and high CS >4.2. Physicians (MDs) decided on CT without knowledge of MiCK results. Results: 57 pts were evaluable for MiCK results. CS to drugs for tc from pts with no prior CT was: paclitaxel (P) mean 1.2 KU, cyclophosphamide as 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4HC) 2.7, doxorubicin (Dox) 1.8, epirubicin (Epi) 2.1, docetaxel (Doc) 2.0, vinorelbine 0.9, gemcitabine (Gem) 0.7, liposomal D 1.4, carboplatin (Carbo) 1.7, cisplatin (Cis) 2.0, and topotecan 1.2. Combinations tested in some pts showed Carbo-P 2.6 KU and Cis-Gem 2.7. These results were compared to CS of tc from pts with prior CT. CS for pts with prior CT were P 1.8 KU, Doc 1.7, Dox 1.9, Epi 2.9, 4HC 1.1, and Vin 1.2. Although there was no difference between the CS of BrCa cells with or without prior CT for Dox or Epi, CS for 4HC was statistically significantly reduced after prior CT (p<0.0003). Overall, Doc had higher CS than P (p<0.004), Epi higher than Dox (p<0.0001), and 4HC higher than P (p<0.0001) or Carbo (p=0.03). However, in individual pts, P was higher or equal to Doc in 5/18 (28%), Dox higher or equal to Epi in 9/36 (25%), and P higher or equal to 4HC in 5/32 (16%). Conclusions: This indicates that the MiCK assay may be used to evaluate CS of BrCa cells from individual pts. After prior CT, BrCa cells show altered CS profiles, with persistent CS to Dox or Epi but reduced CS to 4HC. These data may be useful to MDs in selecting CT for individual pts. MiCK may also be useful in developing new drugs and new combination therapies. ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy and Exceptions In compliance with the guidelines established by the ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy (J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 20;24[3]:519–521) and the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), ASCO strives to promote balance, independence, objectivity, and scientific rigor through disclosure of financial and other interests, and identification and management of potential conflicts. According to the ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy, the following financial and other relationships must be disclosed: employment or leadership position, consultant or advisory role, stock ownership, honoraria, research funding, expert testimony, and other remuneration (J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 20;24[3]:520). The ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy disclosure requirements apply to all authors who submit abstracts to the Annual Meeting. For clinical trials that began accrual on or after April 29, 2004, ASCO's Policy places some restrictions on the financial relationships of principal investigators (J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 20;24[3]:521). If a principal investigator holds any restricted relationships, his or her abstract will be ineligible for placement in the 2009 Annual Meeting unless the ASCO Ethics Committee grants an exception. Among the circumstances that might justify an exception are that the principal investigator (1) is a widely acknowledged expert in a particular therapeutic area; (2) is the inventor of a unique technology or treatment being evaluated in the clinical trial; or (3) is involved in international clinical oncology research and has acted consistently with recognized international standards of ethics in the conduct of clinical research. NIH-sponsored trials are exempt from the Policy restrictions. Abstracts for which authors requested and have been granted an exception in accordance with ASCO's Policy are designated with a caret symbol (^) in the Annual Meeting Proceedings. For more information about the ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy and the exceptions process, please visit www.asco.org/conflictofinterest .

scholarly journals Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes

Molecules ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Muñoz-Torrero ◽  
Arduino Mangoni ◽  
Catherine Guillou ◽  
Simona Collina ◽  
Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
New Targets

The Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal Molecules publishes here its first Editorial, which has been prepared by highlighting, in sub-editorials of about one hundred words, some selected recently published articles that may have a profound impact on drug discovery and therapy.[...]

scholarly journals (A59) Advent of the Confide Guidelines for Disaster Medicine Reporting

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s16-s16
Author(s):  
D.A. Bradt ◽  
P. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Consort Statement ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Biomedical Journal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Benefits

Disaster reports are common in the literature. Accurate and complete reporting assists readers and researchers in developing best practices. There have been notable efforts, such as the Utstein Template, to standardize the language of disasters and promote consistent use of definitions. However, case reports are complicated by the presence of four dominant types recognized in the literature. Moreover, the disciplines of medicine, public health, and disaster management differ in origins, definitions, research paradigms, and tools of evidence-based decision-making. Finally, biomedical journal guidelines for authors writing disaster case reports have lacked the rigor of standards associated with observational studies (2007 STROBE statement, 2010 MOOSE statement), or with randomized controlled trials (1996 CONSORT statement, 1999 QUORUM statement). This paper examines current efforts to intensify the rigor of future disaster case reports through uniform reporting requirements for authors. The initial workgroup comprised editorial board members of two biomedical journals indexed in the US National Library of Medicine—Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, and Emergency Medicine Australasia. The workgroup members self-selected based on extensive disaster field experience as technical advisor with governmental, non-governmental, Red Cross and UN agencies. The workgroup identified key information needed to understand the context, structure, process, and outcome/impact of disaster field interventions. Then, the workgroup organized this information in thematic domains. Consensus guidelines emerged for Reports of Field Interventions in Disasters and Emergencies (CONFIDE). The CONFIDE Statement addresses 16 keys areas within seven domains, including: field authorization for access, field logistics, initial assessment, clinical epidemiology, and funding. The Statement was first published in December 2010, at which time, the authors began integrating the guidelines with biomedical journal instructions for authors. The paper details current efforts to broaden editorial acceptance of the guidelines, implications for future authors, and potential benefits to the disaster medicine community.

scholarly journals Policy on Conflict of Interest

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
_ _
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Open Disclosure ◽  
Interest Policy ◽  
Publishing Group ◽  
Considerable Discussion

Relationships between industry and neurosurgeons engaged in both clinical practice and research have become increasingly complicated due to increased utilization of expensive devices in day-to-day neurosurgical practice. The Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) has always had a policy of demanding open disclosure of any real, potential, or even perceived conflict of interest by authors submitting scientific manuscripts. Recently, the editor-in-chief and members of the editorial boards, after much discussion of this issue, decided that this policy of open disclosure should be enhanced and more specifically defined. In addition, we felt that such a policy should be extended to all reviewers of articles submitted for publication to JNSPG journals—both members of the editorial boards and ad hoc reviewers. To clarify, extend, and specify the JNSPG's policy in this respect, the editor and editorial boards developed a task force on “Conflict of Interest.” The task force, after considerable discussion with the full editorial boards, developed the following Conflict of Interest policy as well as the forms that submitting authors, editorial board members, and other reviewers are now required to complete.

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