Commentary on: Bilayered Structure of the Superficial Facial Fascia

Transdermal delivery systems have gained much interest in recent years owing to their advantages compared to conventional oral and parenteral delivery systems. They are noninvasive and self-administered delivery systems that can improve patient compliance and provide a controlled release of the therapeutic agents. The greatest challenge of transdermal delivery systems is the barrier function of the skin’s outermost layer. Molecules with molecular weights greater than 500 Da and ionized compounds generally do not pass through the skin. Therefore, only a limited number of drugs are capable of being administered by this route. Encapsulating the drugs in transfersomes are one of the potential approaches to overcome this problem. They have a bilayered structure that facilitates the encapsulation of lipophilic and hydrophilic, as well as amphiphilic, drug with higher permeation efficiencies compared to conventional liposomes. Transfersomes are elastic in nature, which can deform and squeeze themselves as an intact vesicle through narrow pores that are significantly smaller than its size. This review aims to describe the concept of transfersomes, the mechanism of action, different methods of preparation and characterization and factors affecting the properties of transfersomes, along with their recent applications in the transdermal administration of drugs.

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Flexible N-Donor Ligands Direct the Structural Characteristics of CoII Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Properties

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch18459 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu-Ting Yang ◽

Chang-Zheng Tu ◽

Xiao-Lin Xu ◽

Li-Li Xu ◽

Bang-Ling Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Coordination Polymers ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Donor Ligands ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Thermal Stabilities ◽

Ancillary Ligands ◽

X Ray ◽

Elemental Analyses ◽

Bilayered Structure

Solvothermal reactions of 3,3′,5,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (H4BPTC) and cobalt(ii) ions in the presence of two different flexible N-donor ancillary ligands afford two novel coordination polymers, {[Co(BPTC)0.5(bix)]·H2O}n (1), {[Co(BPTC)0.5(bpp)]·3H2O}n (2) (bix=1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene; bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane). Their structures have been determined by elemental analyses, IR spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and powder X-ray diffraction. The pillared layered framework of 1 can be simplified to a (4,6)-connected net with a Schläfli symbol of (44·62)(44·69·82). Complex 2 manifests a bilayered structure, and can be simplified to a (4,4)-connected net with a Schläfli symbol of (55·8)(54·62). The thermal stabilities of both complexes and the magnetic behaviours of 1 are also discussed.

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Sensitive optical biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance using ZnO/Au bilayered structure

Optik ◽

10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.05.103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 127 (19) ◽

pp. 7642-7647 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ayushi Paliwal ◽

Ravinder Gaur ◽

Anjali Sharma ◽

Monika Tomar ◽

Vinay Gupta

Keyword(s):

Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽

Surface Plasmon ◽

Plasmon Resonance ◽

Optical Biosensor ◽

Bilayered Structure

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Annealing Effects of Sputtered Cu2O Nanocolumns on ZnO-Coated Glass Substrate for Solar Cell Applications

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2013/891365 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Lung-Chien Chen ◽

Chung-Chieh Wang ◽

Suz-Wei Lu

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Glass Substrate ◽

Surface Structures ◽

Oxide Glass ◽

Coated Glass Substrate ◽

Annealing Effects ◽

Bilayered Structure ◽

Indium Tin Oxide Glass

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films were prepared on an indium tin oxide glass substrate by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering using a high-purity Cu target. The temperature of annealing was varied to obtain Cu2O thin films with various elements, compositions, and surface structures. The p-Cu2O thin films thus formed were characterized by FESEM and XRD. After annealing at 500∘C, the bilayer structure which consisted of Cu nanoclusters on the surface of a film of Cu2O nanocolumns was observed. The Cu2O solar cell with the bilayered structure exhibited poor power conversion efficiency.

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Isolation and Ultrastructure of Aleurone Cell Walls From Wheat and Barley

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9810453 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 453 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

A Bacic ◽

BA Stone

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Starchy Endosperm ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Air Classification ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Bilayered Structure

Aleurone layers and cell walls from both wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Insignia) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Clipper) have been isoIated by differential centrifugation in benzene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures and by air classification. The isolated walls were obtained in sufficient quantities and purity for comprehensive chemical analysis. Morphological characteristics of the isolated aleurone layers and walls were examined by bright field, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy and compared with their appearance in whole grains. Transmission electron microscopy of wall sections clearly showed their characteristic bilayered structure. Aniline blue-positive deposits were observed at the aleurone-starchy endosperm interfaces of both wheat and barley.

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Low-cost bilayered structure for improving the performance of solar stills: Performance/cost analysis and water yield prediction using machine learning

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments ◽

10.1016/j.seta.2021.101783 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 101783

Author(s):

Ammar H. Elsheikh ◽

S. Shanmugan ◽

Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽

Amrit Kumar Thakur ◽

Mohamed Issa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Yield ◽

Yield Prediction ◽

Bilayered Structure

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Bifunctional g-C3N4/WO3 Thin Films for Photocatalytic Water Purification

Water ◽

10.3390/w11122439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2439 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Antoniadou ◽

Michalis K. Arfanis ◽

Islam Ibrahim ◽

Polycarpos Falaras

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Active Species ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽

Uv Illumination ◽

Bilayered Structure ◽

Reaction Constants

A bifunctional thin film photocatalyst consisting of graphitic carbon nitride on tungsten trioxide (g-C3N4/WO3) is introduced for the improvement of photocatalytic activity concerning hexavalent chromium reduction and methylene blue dye removal in water, compared to the bare, widely used WO3 semiconductor. A bilayered structure was formed, which is important for the enhancement of the charge carriers’ separation. The characterization of morphological, structural, optoelectronic, and vibrational properties of the photocatalysts permitted a better understanding of their photocatalytic activity for both dye degradation and Cr+6 elimination in water and the analysis of the photocatalytic kinetics permitted the determination of the corresponding pseudo-first-order reaction constants (k). Trapping experiments performed under UV illumination revealed that the main active species for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr+6 ions are electrons, whereas in the case of methylene blue azo-dye (MB) oxidation, the activation of the corresponding photocatalytic degradation comes via both holes and superoxide radicals.

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