scholarly journals Transfersomes: A Promising Nanoencapsulation Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakthi Apsara Thejani Opatha ◽  
Varin Titapiwatanakun ◽  
Romchat Chutoprapat
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Parenteral Delivery ◽  
Amphiphilic Drug ◽  
Bilayered Structure ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Improve Patient

Transdermal delivery systems have gained much interest in recent years owing to their advantages compared to conventional oral and parenteral delivery systems. They are noninvasive and self-administered delivery systems that can improve patient compliance and provide a controlled release of the therapeutic agents. The greatest challenge of transdermal delivery systems is the barrier function of the skin’s outermost layer. Molecules with molecular weights greater than 500 Da and ionized compounds generally do not pass through the skin. Therefore, only a limited number of drugs are capable of being administered by this route. Encapsulating the drugs in transfersomes are one of the potential approaches to overcome this problem. They have a bilayered structure that facilitates the encapsulation of lipophilic and hydrophilic, as well as amphiphilic, drug with higher permeation efficiencies compared to conventional liposomes. Transfersomes are elastic in nature, which can deform and squeeze themselves as an intact vesicle through narrow pores that are significantly smaller than its size. This review aims to describe the concept of transfersomes, the mechanism of action, different methods of preparation and characterization and factors affecting the properties of transfersomes, along with their recent applications in the transdermal administration of drugs.

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and their Potential in Alzheimer’s Disease Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Ece Ö. Bülbül ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Mehmet E. Okur ◽  
Ioannis D. Karantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Alzheimer's disease is a neuropathological disease with symptoms such as language problems, confusion as to place or time, loss of interest in activities, which were previously enjoyed, behavioral changes, and memory loss. Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia affect almost 46.8 million people globally and are estimated to strike about 131.5 million people in 2050. It has been reported that Alzheimer's is the sixth main cause of mortality. The most used drugs, which are currently approved by the Food, and Drug Administration for Alzheimer’s disease are donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, and the combination of donepezil and memantine. However, most of the drugs present various adverse effects. Recently, the transdermal drug delivery route has gained increasing attention as an emerging tool for Alzheimer's disease management. Besides, transdermal drug delivery systems seem to provide hope for the management of various diseases, due to the advantages that they offer in comparison with oral dosage forms. Herein, the current advancements in transdermal studies with potent features to achieve better Alzheimer's disease management are presented. Many researchers have shown that the transdermal systems provide higher efficiency since the first-pass hepatic metabolism effect can be avoided and a prolonged drug release rate can be achieved. In summary, the transdermal administration of Alzheimer's drugs is an interesting and promising topic, which should be further elaborated and studied.

An overview of Osmotic Drug Delivery System: An update review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiren J. Patel ◽  
Vaishnavi P. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Drug

The pharmaceutical industry has faced several marked challenges in order to bring new chemical entities (NCEs) into the market over the past few decades. Various novel drug delivery approaches have been used as a part of life cycle management from which Osmotic drug delivery systems look the most promising one. After discussing the history of osmotic pump development, this article looks at the principles, advantages and disadvantages of osmotic drug delivery systems. Then, the basic components of osmotic pump and factors affecting the design of oral osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail. In the later part of the manuscript, various types of osmotic pumps available in the market and evaluation methods for osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Western blotting between PVDF and NC membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Shaobo Liu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Direct Blue ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWestern blotting (WB) is one of the most widely used techniques to identify proteins as well as post translational modifications of proteins. The selection of electroblotted membrane is one of the key factors affecting the detection sensitivity of the protein which is transferred from gel to membrane in WB. The most common used membranes are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose (NC) membranes. Which membrane of these two is more suitable for WB has not been reported so far. Here, by incubating proteins which were transferred to PVDF or NC membranes with a series of antibodies and different types of lectins, we investigated the relationship between the binding ability of these two membranes to proteins or glycoproteins and the molecular weight of the target protein. The antibody re-probed ability of the two membranes was also explored. Moreover, we verified the above results by directly incubating proteins having different molecular weights onto PVDF or NC membranes. Bound proteins were stained with direct blue-71, and the staining intensity was quantitated by scanning and densitometry.

scholarly journals Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delly Ramadon ◽  
Maeliosa T. C. McCrudden ◽  
Aaron J. Courtenay ◽  
Ryan F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems. Graphical abstract

Development of antimigraine transdermal delivery systems of pizotifen malate

2015 ◽  
Vol 492 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Serna-Jiménez ◽  
S. del Rio-Sancho ◽  
M.A. Calatayud-Pascual ◽  
C. Balaguer-Fernández ◽  
A. Femenía-Font ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Influence of Oleic Acid on the Rheology and in Vitro Release of Lumiracoxib from Poloxamer Gels

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tailane Sant´Anna Moreira ◽  
Valéria Pereira De Sousa ◽  
Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Penetration Enhancer ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Gel Transition

Abstract PURPOSE: Transdermal delivery of anti-inflammatory lumiracoxib (LM) could be an interesting strategy to avoid the side effects associated with systemic delivery, but it is ineffective due to the drug poor skin penetration. We have investigated the effects of oleic acid (OA), a lipid penetration enhancer, on the in vitro release of LM from poloxamer-based delivery systems (PBDS). The rheological behavior (shear rate dependent viscosity) and gelation temperature through measurements of optimal sol-gel transition temperatures (Tsol-gel) were also carried out in these systems. METHODS: In vitro release studies of LM from PBDS were performed using cellulose acetate as artificial membrane mounted in a diffusion system. The amount of LM released was divided by exposition area (µg/cm2) and these values were plotted as function of the time (h). The flux of the drug across the membrane (J) was calculated from the slope of the linear portion of the plot and expressed as µg/cm2. h -1. The determination of viscosity was carried out at different shear rates (γ) between 0.1- 1000 S-1 using a parallel plate rheometer. Oscillatory measurements using a cone-plate geometry rheometer surrounded by a double jacket with temperature varying 4-40°C, was used in order to determine Tsol-gel. RESULTS: Increase of both polymer and OA concentrations increases the viscosity of the gels and consequently reduces the in vitro LM release from the PBDS, mainly for gels containing OA at 10.0% compared to other concentrations of the penetration enhancer. Tsol-gel transition temperature was decreased by increasing viscosity; in some cases the formulation was already a gel at room temperature. Rheological studies showed a pseudoplastic behavior, which facilitates the flow and improves the spreading characteristics of the formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results showed that poloxamer gels are good potential delivery systems for LM, leading to a sustained release, and also have appropriate rheological characteristics. Novelty of the work: A transdermal delivery of non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs like lumiracoxib (LM) can be an interesting alternative to the oral route of this drug, since it was recently withdraw of the market due to the liver damage when systemically administered in tablets as dosage form. There are no transdermal formulations of LM and it could be an alternative to treat inflammation caused by arthritis or arthrosis. Then, an adequate delivery system to LM is necessary in order to release the drug properly from the PBDS as well as have good characteristics related to semi-solid preparations for transdermal application, which were evaluated through in vitro release studies and rheological behavior in this paper, respectively.

Factors affecting changes in rheological properties of blood – literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kępińska ◽  
Zbigniew Szyguła ◽  
Zbigniew Dąbrowski ◽  
Marta Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
System A ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Erythrocytes have high elasticity and the ability to build blood aggregates, they can pass through the smallest capillaries, thus ensuring the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in all areas of the vascular system. A decrease in the deformability of erythrocytes may result in reduced blood flow and thereby the cause of many diseases. The increase in blood viscosity is observed, among others, in diabetes, hypertension, obesity and the elderly. Rheological studies of blood in conjunction with morphological and biochemical indices of blood provide valuable information about health of the patient. Any change in the viscosity of blood or plasma should be monitored, as this may indicate a health problem. The aim of the study was to present, based on the available scientific literature, physiological factors influencing changes in rheological properties of blood, for example: exercise, temperature and body weight

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