scholarly journals The Impact of Mastectomy on Women’s Visual Perception of Breast Aesthetics and Symmetry: A Pilot Eye-Tracking Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Pietruski ◽  
Bartłomiej Noszczyk ◽  
Adriana M Paskal ◽  
Wiktor Paskal ◽  
Łukasz Paluch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Areola Complex ◽  
Initial Fixation ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Little is known about breast cancer survivors’ perception of breast attractiveness. A better understanding of this subjective concept could contribute to the improvement of patient-reported outcomes after reconstructive surgeries and facilitate the development of new methods for assessing breast reconstruction outcomes. Objectives The aim of this eye-tracking (ET)-based study was to verify whether mastectomy altered women’s visual perception of breast aesthetics and symmetry. Methods A group of 30 women after unilateral mastectomy and 30 healthy controls evaluated the aesthetics and symmetry of various types of female breasts displayed as highly standardized digital images. Gaze patterns of women from the study groups were recorded using an ET system and subjected to a comparative analysis. Results Regardless of the study group, the longest fixation duration and the highest fixation number were found in the nipple-areola complex. This area was also the most common region of the initial fixation. Several significant between-group differences were identified; the gaze patterns of women after mastectomy were generally characterized by longer fixation times for the inframammary fold, lower pole, and upper half of the breast. Conclusions Mastectomy might affect women’s visual perception patterns during the evaluation of breast aesthetics and symmetry. ET data might improve our understanding of breast attractiveness and constitute the basis for a new reliable method for the evaluation of outcomes of reconstructive breast surgeries.

Web-Based Return of Individual Patient-Reported Outcome Results Among Patients With Lymphoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy Paulina Johanna Arts ◽  
Simone Oerlemans ◽  
Jacobien M Kieffer ◽  
Judith Prins ◽  
Mels Hoogendoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND There has been a cultural shift toward patient engagement in health with a growing demand from patients to access their results. OBJECTIVE The Lymphoma InterVEntion [LIVE] trial was conducted to examine the impact of return of individual patient-reported outcome (PRO) results and a web-based self-management intervention on psychological distress, self-management, and satisfaction with information in a population-based setting. METHODS Return of PRO results included comparison with age- and sex-matched peers and was built into the PROFILES registry. The self-management intervention is an adaptation of an fully-automated evidence-based intervention for breast cancer survivors. Patients with lymphoma who completed the web-based questionnaire were equally randomized to 1) care as usual (CAU), 2) return of PRO results, and 3) return of PRO results plus self-management intervention. Patients completed questionnaires 9 to 18 months after diagnosis (T0; n=227), after 4 months (T1; n=190), and after 12 months (T2; n=170). RESULTS Of all invited patients, 25% (227/892) were randomly assigned to CAU (n=76), return of PRO results (n=74), or return of PRO results and access to Living with lymphoma (n=77). Return of PRO results was viewed by 77% (115/150) of those with access. No significant differences were observed for psychological distress, self-management, satisfaction with information provision, and healthcare use between patients who received their PRO results and those who did not (P>.05). Usage of the self-management intervention was low (3%; 2/76) and an effect could therefore not be determined. CONCLUSIONS Return of individual PRO results seems to meet patients’ wishes, but had no beneficial effects on patient outcome. Also, no negative effects were found when individual PRO results were disclosed, and the return of individual PRO results can be safely implemented in daily clinical practice. CLINICALTRIAL Netherlands Trial Register NTR5953 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1186/s13063-017-1943-2

The Impact of Breast Symmetry on Eye Movement and Gaze Pattern: An Eye-Tracking Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Moellhoff ◽  
Chiara Kandelhardt ◽  
Denis Ehrl ◽  
Lukas Kohler ◽  
Konstantin Koban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Breast Size ◽  
Breast Asymmetry ◽  
Aesthetic Appeal ◽  
Breast Symmetry ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The objective assessment of beauty is challenging and subject to current research efforts. Recently, a new means of objectively determining the aesthetic appeal of body features has been investigated by analyzing gaze patterns and eye movements. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess differences in observers’ gaze patterns presented with standardized 3-dimensional images with different degrees of breast asymmetry using objective eye-tracking technology. Methods A total of 83 Caucasian study participants with a mean age of 38.60 (19.8) years were presented with 5 images depicting varying degrees of breast symmetry. In addition to the assessment of eye movements, participants were asked to rate the aesthetic appeal and the asymmetry of the breasts on a 5-point Likert scale. Results Overall, the data show that participants rating of the breasts’ aesthetic appeal was inversely related to the level of asymmetry. Time until fixation was shortest for the image depicting the greatest breast asymmetry (50 cc) with 0.77 (0.7), p <0.001. In addition, the mammary region was also viewed longest in this image with 3.76 (0.5) seconds, p < 0.001. A volume difference of 35 cc between breasts deflected the observers’ gaze significantly toward the larger of the asymmetrical breasts, p<0.001. Conclusions Surgeons should focus on symmetrical breast volume (ie, differences < 35 cc between breasts) to avoid noticeable asymmetry with regard to breast size.

The impact of weight loss on physical function in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12053-12053
Author(s):  
Jennifer Y. Sheng ◽  
Cesar Augusto Santa-Maria ◽  
Amanda L. Blackford ◽  
David Lim ◽  
Ashley Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endocrine Symptoms

12053 Background: In the prospective POWER-remote trial, 51% and 12% of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors randomized to either a remotely delivered behavioral intervention or self-directed approach, respectively, lost ≥5% of baseline weight. We collected patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to examine the impact of >5% weight loss on symptoms, physical function (PF), and wellbeing. We hypothesized a priori that, regardless of study arm, those with ≥5% weight loss would have improved PF at 6 months v. those who did not. Methods: Women with stage 0-III breast cancer, who completed local therapy and chemotherapy, with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized to the 12-month intervention or self-directed weight loss. POWER-remote consists of telephone coaching and online tracking of diet, activity and weight. Women in the self-directed arm received a lifestyle booklet. All women completed PROs at baseline, 6 and 12 months: PROMIS PF, pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep; FACT-endocrine symptoms; MOS-sexual function. PROs were summarized descriptively and changes within and between groups were tested with multivariable mixed effects models, adjusted for age and baseline weight. Results: From 2013-2015, 96 women enrolled; 83 were evaluable at 6 months. At 6 months, PF scores improved in those with ≥5% weight loss v. not. While endocrine symptoms, fatigue, and anxiety improved in the group who lost ≥5%, differences between groups were not statistically significant. There was no significant change in sexual function, depression, or sleep within or between groups. Similar findings were seen across domains at 12 months, except pain improved in the group losing ≥5%. Conclusions: For overweight/obese breast cancer survivors, PF and other PROs improved among patients who lost ≥5%. These results support the patient-centered benefits of weight loss in this population. Clinical trial information: NCT01871116 . [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Epistemic Network Analyses of Economics Students’ Graph Understanding: An Eye-Tracking Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6908
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brückner ◽  
Jan Schneider ◽  
Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia ◽  
Hendrik Drachsler
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Graph ◽  
Insight Into

Learning to solve graph tasks is one of the key prerequisites of acquiring domain-specific knowledge in most study domains. Analyses of graph understanding often use eye-tracking and focus on analyzing how much time students spend gazing at particular areas of a graph—Areas of Interest (AOIs). To gain a deeper insight into students’ task-solving process, we argue that the gaze shifts between students’ fixations on different AOIs (so-termed transitions) also need to be included in holistic analyses of graph understanding that consider the importance of transitions for the task-solving process. Thus, we introduced Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) as a novel approach to analyze eye-tracking data of 23 university students who solved eight multiple-choice graph tasks in physics and economics. ENA is a method for quantifying, visualizing, and interpreting network data allowing a weighted analysis of the gaze patterns of both correct and incorrect graph task solvers considering the interrelations between fixations and transitions. After an analysis of the differences in the number of fixations and the number of single transitions between correct and incorrect solvers, we conducted an ENA for each task. We demonstrate that an isolated analysis of fixations and transitions provides only a limited insight into graph solving behavior. In contrast, ENA identifies differences between the gaze patterns of students who solved the graph tasks correctly and incorrectly across the multiple graph tasks. For instance, incorrect solvers shifted their gaze from the graph to the x-axis and from the question to the graph comparatively more often than correct solvers. The results indicate that incorrect solvers often have problems transferring textual information into graphical information and rely more on partly irrelevant parts of a graph. Finally, we discuss how the findings can be used to design experimental studies and for innovative instructional procedures in higher education.

scholarly journals Exploring the association between diabetes and breast cancer morbidity: considerations for quality care improvements among Latinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Kimlin Tam Ashing ◽  
Lily Lai ◽  
Eva Meyers ◽  
Mayra Serrano ◽  
Marshalee George
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Survivorship Care Planning ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Cancer and diabetes are two severe chronic illnesses that often co-occur. In cancer patients, diabetes increases the risk for treatment complexities and mortality. Yet patient-reported outcomes with co-occurring chronic illness are understudied. Design This preliminary study investigated the association of diabetes with breast cancer-related morbidity among underserved Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS). Participants 137 Latina BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Registry and hospitals. Setting and Main Outcome Measure(s): BCS completed a self-administered mailed questionnaire assessing demographic and medical characteristics e.g. Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results 28% Latina BCS reported co-occurring T2DM at twice the general population rate. Diabetes was most prevalent among Latina BCS > 65 years (43%). Latina BCS with diabetes were more likely to report advanced cancer staging at diagnosis (P = 0.036) and more lymphedema symptoms (P = 0.036). Results suggest non-significant but lower general health and greater physical functioning limitations among BCS with T2DM. Conclusions This study has relevance for precision population medicine by (i) consideration of routine diabetes screening in Latina BCS, (ii) underscoring attention to disease co-occurrence in treatment planning and care delivery and (iii) informing follow-up care and survivorship care planning e.g. patient self-management, oncology and primarily care surveillance and specialty care. Our findings can inform providers, survivors and caregivers about the impact of disease co-occurrence that influence clinically and patient responsive care for both initial treatment and long-term follow-up care to address disparities.

scholarly journals LO82: Exploring eye-tracking technology to assess competency in point-of-care ultrasound

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S37-S37
Author(s):  
W. Lee ◽  
J. Chenkin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Gaze Patterns

Introduction: Assessment of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) competency has been reliant on practical, visual and written examinations performed 1-on-1 with an examiner. These tools attempt to assess competency through subjective ratings, checklists and multiple-choice questions that are labour intensive using surrogate measures. Eye-tracking has been used on a limited basis in various fields of medicine for training and assessment. This technology explores visual processing and holds great promise as a tool to monitor training progress towards the development of expertise. We hypothesize that eye-tracking may differentiate novices and experts as they progress to become competent in interpretation of POCUS images and provide an objective measure in assessment of competency. Methods: Medical students, residents and attending physicians working in an academic emergency department were recruited. Participants viewed a series of 16 ultrasound video clips in a POCUS protocol for Focused Assessment using Sonography in Trauma (FAST). The gaze pattern of the participants was recorded using a commercially available eye-tracking device. The primary outcome was the gaze parameters including total gaze time in the area of interest (AOI), average time to fixation on the AOI, number of fixations in the AOI and average duration of first fixation on the AOI. Secondary outcome was the accuracy on the interpretation of the FAST scan. Results: Four novices and eight experts completed this study. The total gaze time in the AOI (mean +/- SD) was 76.72 +/- 18.84s among experts vs 53.64 +/- 10.33s among novices (p = 0.048), average time to fixation on the AOI was 0.561 +/- 0.319s vs 1.048 +/- 0.280s (p = 0.027), number of fixations in the AOI was 158.9 +/- 29.0 vs 121.8 +/- 17.5 (p = 0.042) and average duration of first fixation was 0.444 +/- 0.119s vs 0.390 +/- 0.024s (p = 0.402). The accuracy of the answers was 79.7 +/- 14.1% vs 45.3 +/- 21.9% (p = 0.007). Conclusion: In this pilot study, eye tracking shows potential to differentiate between POCUS experts and novices by their gaze patterns. Gaze patterns captured by eye tracking may not necessarily translate to cognitive processing. However, it allows educators to visualise the thought processes of the learner by their gaze patterns and provide insight on how to guide them towards competency. Future studies are needed to further validate the metrics for competency in POCUS applications.

scholarly journals Meaning of Gaze Behaviors in Individuals' Perception and Interpretation of Commercial Interior Environments: An Experimental Phenomenology Approach Involving Eye-Tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jain Kwon ◽  
Ju Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
The Impact

A critical question in interior design is how multisensory information is integrated into occupant perception and interpretation of the environmental contexts and meanings. Although there have been efforts to identify and theorize visual perception of interior factors or features (e.g., colors, fixtures, and signs), the hidden meanings behind visual attention and behaviors have been neglected in interior design research. This experimental phenomenological study investigates the impact of auditory stimuli on the gaze behaviors of individuals and the hidden meanings of their audio-visual perceptions of commercial interiors. Implementing eye-tracking and open-ended interviews, this study explored how the neurophysiological and phenomenological methods in complementary can serve for interior design research on the meaning of gaze behaviors. The study used a convenience sample of 26 participants, three coffee shop interior images, and two musical stimuli. Essential to this study is the interpretive analysis of corresponding eye-tracking and interview data. The results show that visual perception is affected by auditory stimuli and other interior elements and factors associated with personal experiences; however, no distinct gaze pattern is identified by the type of auditory stimuli. The fixation patterns showed mixed reflections of the participants' perceptions, e.g., a single fixation pattern reflecting participants' likes and dislikes. Findings included six essential meanings of participants' gaze behaviors. This study suggested that auditory and visual stimuli are reciprocal in individuals' perceptions. Rather than one affects the other, the interaction between sensory stimuli contributes to the complexity and intensity of multisensory stimuli people associate with their experiences and conceptualize with meanings they establish.

Shared Visual Attention Reduces Hindsight Bias

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1524-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daw-An Wu ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo ◽  
Stephanie W. Wang ◽  
Colin F. Camerer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Gaze Patterns

Hindsight bias is the tendency to retrospectively think of outcomes as being more foreseeable than they actually were. It is a robust judgment bias and is difficult to correct (or “debias”). In the experiments reported here, we used a visual paradigm in which performers decided whether blurred photos contained humans. Evaluators, who saw the photos unblurred and thus knew whether a human was present, estimated the proportion of participants who guessed whether a human was present. The evaluators exhibited visual hindsight bias in a way that matched earlier data from judgments of historical events surprisingly closely. Using eye tracking, we showed that a higher correlation between the gaze patterns of performers and evaluators (shared attention) is associated with lower hindsight bias. This association was validated by a causal method for debiasing: Showing the gaze patterns of the performers to the evaluators as they viewed the stimuli reduced the extent of hindsight bias.

scholarly journals Fixation classification: how to merge and select fixation candidates

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignace T. C. Hooge ◽  
Diederick C. Niehorster ◽  
Marcus Nyström ◽  
Richard Andersson ◽  
Roy S. Hessels
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Selection Rules ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEye trackers are applied in many research fields (e.g., cognitive science, medicine, marketing research). To give meaning to the eye-tracking data, researchers have a broad choice of classification methods to extract various behaviors (e.g., saccade, blink, fixation) from the gaze signal. There is extensive literature about the different classification algorithms. Surprisingly, not much is known about the effect of fixation and saccade selection rules that are usually (implicitly) applied. We want to answer the following question: What is the impact of the selection-rule parameters (minimal saccade amplitude and minimal fixation duration) on the distribution of fixation durations? To answer this question, we used eye-tracking data with high and low quality and seven different classification algorithms. We conclude that selection rules play an important role in merging and selecting fixation candidates. For eye-tracking data with good-to-moderate precision (RMSD < 0.5∘), the classification algorithm of choice does not matter too much as long as it is sensitive enough and is followed by a rule that selects saccades with amplitudes larger than 1.0∘ and a rule that selects fixations with duration longer than 60 ms. Because of the importance of selection, researchers should always report whether they performed selection and the values of their parameters.

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