scholarly journals The five million bird eggs in the world’s museum collections are an invaluable and underused resource

The Auk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ângelo Marini ◽  
Linnea Hall ◽  
John Bates ◽  
Frank D Steinheimer ◽  
Robert McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Bird Eggs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Avian Biology

Abstract The ~1.97 million egg sets (~5 million eggs) housed in museums have not been used in proportion to their availability. We highlight the wide variety of scientific disciplines that have used egg collections and the geographic locations and sizes of these collections, to increase awareness of the importance of egg collections, improve their visibility to the scientific community, and suggest that they offer a wealth of data covering large spatial scales and long time series for broad investigations into avian biology. We provide a brief history of egg collections and an updated list of museums/institutions with egg collections worldwide. We also review the limitations, challenges, and management of egg collections, and summarize recent literature based on historical and recent museum egg materials.

scholarly journals Highly comparative time-series analysis: the empirical structure of time series and their methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (83) ◽  
pp. 20130048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D. Fulcher ◽  
Max A. Little ◽  
Nick S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reduced Representations

The process of collecting and organizing sets of observations represents a common theme throughout the history of science. However, despite the ubiquity of scientists measuring, recording and analysing the dynamics of different processes, an extensive organization of scientific time-series data and analysis methods has never been performed. Addressing this, annotated collections of over 35 000 real-world and model-generated time series, and over 9000 time-series analysis algorithms are analysed in this work. We introduce reduced representations of both time series, in terms of their properties measured by diverse scientific methods, and of time-series analysis methods, in terms of their behaviour on empirical time series, and use them to organize these interdisciplinary resources. This new approach to comparing across diverse scientific data and methods allows us to organize time-series datasets automatically according to their properties, retrieve alternatives to particular analysis methods developed in other scientific disciplines and automate the selection of useful methods for time-series classification and regression tasks. The broad scientific utility of these tools is demonstrated on datasets of electroencephalograms, self-affine time series, heartbeat intervals, speech signals and others, in each case contributing novel analysis techniques to the existing literature. Highly comparative techniques that compare across an interdisciplinary literature can thus be used to guide more focused research in time-series analysis for applications across the scientific disciplines.

scholarly journals A History of Open Weather in New Zealand (HOWNZ): an open access 1-km resolution monthly 1910–2019 time-series of interpolated temperature and rainfall grids with associated uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Etherington ◽  
George L. W. Perry ◽  
Janet M. Wilmshurst
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Abstract. Long time-series of weather grids are fundamental to understanding how weather affects environmental or ecological patterns and processes such as plant distributions, plant and animal phenology, wildfires, and hydrology. Ideally such weather grids should be openly available and be associated with uncertainties so that users can understand any data quality issues. We present a History of Open Weather in New Zealand (HOWNZ) that uses climatological aided natural neighbour interpolation to provide monthly 1-km resolution grids of total rainfall, mean air temperature, mean daily maximum air temperature, and mean daily minimum air temperature across New Zealand from 1910 to 2019. HOWNZ matches the best available temporal extent and spatial resolution of any open weather grids that include New Zealand, and is unique in providing associated spatial uncertainty in appropriate units of measurement. The HOWNZ weather and uncertainty grids capture the dynamic spatial and temporal nature of the monthly weather variables and the uncertainty associated with the interpolation. We also demonstrate how to quantify and visualise temporal trends across New Zealand that recognise the temporal and spatial variation of uncertainties in the HOWNZ data. The HOWNZ data is openly available at https://doi.org/10.7931/zmvz-xf30 (Etherington et al., 2021).

scholarly journals Amplitude variability in γ Dor and δ Sct stars observed by the Kepler spacecraft

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 560-566
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Guzik ◽  
Katie Kosak ◽  
Paul A. Bradley ◽  
Jason Jackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Amplitude Variability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Spacecraft Data ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Frequency Variations

AbstractThe NASA Kepler spacecraft data revealed a large number of multimode nonradially pulsating γ Dor and δ Sct variable star candidates. The Kepler high precision long time-series photometry makes it possible to study amplitude variations of the frequencies. We summarize recent literature on amplitude and frequency variations in pulsating variables. We are searching for amplitude variability in several dozen faint γ Doradus or δ Scuti variable-star candidates observed as part of the Kepler Guest Observer program. We apply several methods, including a Matlab-script wavelet analysis developed by J. Jackiewicz, and the wavelet technique of the VSTAR software (http://www.aavso.org/vstar-overview). Here we show results for two stars, KIC 2167444 and KIC 2301163. We discuss the magnitude and timescale of the amplitude variations, and the presence or absence of correlations between amplitude variations for different frequencies of a given star. Amplitude variations may be detectable using Kepler data even for stars with Kepler magnitude > 14 with low-amplitude frequencies (~100 ppm) using only one or a few quarters of long-cadence data. We discuss proposed causes of amplitude spectrum variability that will require further investigation.

scholarly journals Flood history of the Bavarian Alpine Foreland since the late Middle Ages in the context of internal and external climate forcing factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7409-7440 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Böhm ◽  
J. Jacobeit ◽  
R. Glaser ◽  
K.-F. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Natural Climate Variability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Natural Climate

Abstract. This paper describes the flood history of the Bavarian part of the Alpine Foreland of Germany and addresses different questions concerning climate variability and flood frequencies from the 13th century until today. Will recent climatic change modify the flood frequencies within the Bavarian Alpine Foreland or are the flood frequencies varying due to altering climatic conditions since historical times? In the context of recent discussions whether man-made climate change will modify the present state of flood frequencies, a look back into the past is essential to understand the occurrence of floods in general and of recent floods in particular. In order to understand climatic variability and changes in a comprehensive way, it is necessary to review long time series. A perceived increase of summer floods in eastern Germany and Bavaria since 1997 requires examination of long time series to estimate changes in flood frequencies in a proper way. In view of the annual distribution of flood events within the Alpine Foreland of Germany, summer floods prove to be most important. Based on written historical sources, the flood history of the Alpine Foreland of Germany can be reconstructed back to the 14th century. One major result is the occurrence of "flood-rich" and "flood-poor" episodes in nearly cyclical sequences. Flood-rich periods were recorded in the periods 1300–1335, 1370–1450, 1470–1525, 1555–1590, 1615–1665, 1730–1780, 1820–1870, and 1910–1955 as well as in a 9th period beginning in 1980. The flood-rich periods are characterized by longer flood durations. Most of the flood-rich and flood-poor periods (in particular the beginning and the end of them) can be connected to changes in natural climate variability. These include changing sunspot numbers (as a measure of solar activity), so-called Little Ice Age Type Events (LIATEs) as well as changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Climate signals from external forcing factors, which could be used to explain the changing flood frequencies in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland, end in 1930. Relationships within the climate system such as the correlation of flood frequencies with the NAO have changed during the transition from the post Little Ice Age period to the Modern Climate Optimum around 1930. Natural climate variability might have been outperformed by anthropogenic climate change.

Resolution of the types, diagnostic features, and distribution of two easily confused Sand Lizards, Pedioplanis laticeps (Smith, 1845) and P. burchelli (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) (Squamata: Lacertidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4318 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
SEBASTIAN KIRCHHOF ◽  
JOHANNES PENNER ◽  
MARK-OLIVER RÖDEL ◽  
JOHANNES MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extant Population ◽  
Shed Light

Within the genus Pedioplanis the two basal species P. laticeps and P. burchelli are phenotypically similar. In this study we examine material of both species to determine diagnostic characters and we revise the distribution of Pedioplanis laticeps. For this we used data from museum collections, literature records, as well as results from our own surveys. Careful examination of the type material of P. laticeps and P. burchelli, as well as additional specimens, confirmed several morphological characters that distinguish between the two species. A reconstruction of the taxonomic history of the species revealed that P. laticeps was described in 1845, and not in 1844 or 1849 as commonly attributed. We designate a holotype for P. burchelli, a lectotype and two paralectotypes for P. laticeps, re-describe the types of P. laticeps and P. burchelli and correct previous misidentifications. Recent literature considers P. laticeps endemic to South Africa. However, 40-year-old museum records contain specimens sampled in Namibia. Surveys in Namibia confirmed at least one extant population of P. laticeps north of the Orange River, close to an area where they were previously collected. Natural history data is very scarce for both species and a comprehensive genetic analysis, covering the entire ranges of both taxa, is urgently needed to shed light on the evolutionary history of the two sister species. 

scholarly journals Chaos in Three-Body Dynamics: Intermittency, Strange Attractor, Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropy

1999 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Chernin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Low Amplitude

The temporal structure of chaos in three-body dynamics is analyzed; the emphasis is made on a similarity and difference between three-body chaos and basic patterns of chaotic behaviour known in nonlinear physics.1. With the use of homology mapping (Agekian and Anosova 1967), we study a set of computer models of thee-body systems in a stationary spherically symmetric potential well (Valtonen et al. (1994); the well confines the bodies, and because of this the system can generate fairly long time series. Typical time series reveal sequences of seemingly periodic motion and short bursts of strong chaos that appear in an irregular manner (Heinämäki et al. 1998). The quasi-ordered states are associated with hierarchical homology, and the quasi-period of the low-amplitude oscillations is very near the period of the temporary close binary in the system. The high-amplitude irregular states are mostly due to active three-body interplay when each of the bodies interacts with the two others with almost equal intensity. In the evolutionary history of most systems, these two extreme kinds of states alternate in an apparently random way producing together a non-stationary pattern of unpredictable behaviour.

Patterns of diel vertical migration of zooplankton in acoustic Doppler velocity and backscatter data on the Newfoundland Shelf

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2708-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Record ◽  
Brad de Young
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Long Time

Backscatter data from moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are analysed to quantify the diel vertical migration patterns of zooplankton on the Newfoundland Shelf, Canada. Data from 11 moorings provide long time series (~100 days each) for in-depth statistical analysis. For one deployment, dry weight measurements of zooplankton are used to calibrate the acoustic backscatter. Quantification methods are developed and applied to the backscatter and vertical velocity time series to determine the characteristics of the observed diel migration. We show that the migration responds to changes in light intensity and water column temperature structure. We have sufficient spatial data to show high correlation of migration characteristics over spatial scales of up to tens of kilometres.

scholarly journals Ernst Cassirer’s Posthumous Grandchildren and the Paradigm Shift of Davos

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Core Message

Abstract Scholars who are members of a generation descending from a founder of a philosophical school might be titled as “children.” Those members are characterized as scholars who continue the doctrines of the founder into the future. In the history of ideas there are many examples for such scholarly lineages. Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy was less suitable for generating a successorship in the sense of a filiation: That became dramatically obvious at the famous debate between Martin Heidegger and himself in Davos. Heidegger seemed to be the philosopher of the future by developing a “new essentialism” which shall be expounded as the core-message of his doctrine; this is elaborated in the first chapter of this essay. Only in the post-war generations and long time after Cassirer’s death, eminent scholars working in different scientific disciplines and in different countries based their public research – more or less explicitly – on Cassirer’s philosophy of culture. The second section will discuss three famous examples: Nelson Goodman’s Semiology, Pierre Bourdieu’s Sociology of Symbolic Forms and lastly the Political Philosophy of Jürgen Habermas.

Tadeusz Tomaszewski and His Theory of Action

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Materska
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of

Tadeusz Tomaszewski, born in 1910, graduate of the Jan Kazimierz University, Lvov, doctor honoris causa of Marja Sklodowska-Curie University, Lublin, is an exceptional figure in the history of Polish psychology. His scientific accomplishments and organizational talents, multipled by the achievements of his students, had a decisive impact on the shape and prestige of Polish psychology among other scientific disciplines and determined the rank of Polish psychology in the international arena.

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