scholarly journals 648 The Use of Antibiotics in Acute Pancreatitis - A Re-Audit of Current Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rai ◽  
S Kudchadkar ◽  
A Munasinghe

Abstract Introduction The NICE guidelines do not advocate the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of acute pancreatitis. In severe pancreatitis with necrosis, local antimicrobial guidelines state that it ‘maybe reasonable to use antibiotics with good spectrum anaerobic cover’ and suggest the use of Amoxycillin, Metronidazole and Gentamicin as first line, and Meropenem as second line if needed. Previous audit showed 74% of patients receiving antibiotics without clear indication. Method A retrospective re-audit of the use of antibiotics in patients admitted with a clinical or radiological diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was undertaken in a single-centre University Hospital between July and October 2020. Results 78 patients were admitted during this period, with a mean age of 52years (range 6-89 years), and male preponderance. All patients were conservatively managed with intravenous fluids, analgesics and antiemetics. 31(40%) received intravenous antibiotics, of whom, 14 (45%) had no clearly documented indication for their use. The remaining 17 had pancreatic necrosis (4), cholangitis/cholecystitis (4), infected pseudocyst (2), UTI (2), fever spike (1), positive blood cultures (1) and pancreaticoduodenal fistula (1). Metronidazole was the most commonly used antibiotic (58%), followed by Amoxicillin (38.7%), Co-amoxiclav (35.4%), Gentamicin (22.5%) and Meropenem (22.5%). Conclusions In line with the recommendations made from previous audit and improved awareness, there was a significant improvement in the number of patients receiving antibiotics without indications from 74% to 45%. We hereby stress the importance of the use of appropriate clinical judgement in decision-making and avoiding the unwarranted use of antibiotics in acute pancreatitis.

Author(s):  
Shruthikamal Venkat ◽  
Rajesh Subramaniam ◽  
Vijai Raveendran

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of pancreas and is one of the leading cause of acute abdomen requiring hospital admission. Nutritional support plays a crucial role in this hypercatabolic state in not only providing calories but also in preventing complications and decreasing recovery time.Methods: This prospective study was done among 120 patients with acute moderate and severe pancreatitis who got admitted in department of general surgery at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between 2018 and 2019.Results: 67 (55.8%) patients were in early enteral and 53 (44.2%) were in parenteral/delayed enteral group. Maximum number of patients were in 30-40 years age group. The mean of patient age was 40.33. Mean duration of hospital stay in enteral group was 7.06 and in parenteral/delayed enteral group it was 14.09 (p<0.001). Mean pain score in enteral group was 2.69 and in parenteral group it was 6.51 (p<0.001).Conclusions: There was significant (p<0.001) decrease in hospital stay duration and pain score in early enteral group compared to parenteral/delayed enteral group. Infections related to feeding route was found high in parenteral group. No significant difference found in complications of acute pancreatitis. Hence early enteral feeding is more beneficial in terms of shortened hospital stay, decreased pain score leading to reduction in usage of analgesics and reducing the recovery time and less nutrition related complications in management of acute moderate and severe pancreatitis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Sanjit Karki ◽  
Binod Karki ◽  
Suresh Thapa ◽  
Roshan Shrestha ◽  
Bidhan Nidhi Poudel ◽  
...  

Introduction: Early identification of severe acute pancreatitis is of paramount importance in the management and for improving outcomes. Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) is a simple and accurate score for stratification in acute pancreatitis. This study was conducted to find out the accuracy of BISAP score in predicting outcomes of acute pancreatitis in local population. Method: We prospectively analyzed 96 patients with acute pancreatitis from February 2019 to December 2019. Revised Atlanta classification was used to stratify mild, moderately severe and severe pancreatitis. BISAP score was calculated within 24 hours of admission. Accuracy was measured by area under receiver operating curve (AUC). Result: Out of 96 patients, alcohol related acute pancreatitis accounted for 74.7%. There were 63.2% of mild AP, 37.3% of moderately severe AP, 9.4% of severe AP and 15.8 % of pancreatic necrosis. The AUC for moderately severe AP, severe AP and pancreatic necrosis were 0.77 (CI 0.68-0.87), 0.95 (CI 0.90-0.99) and 0.87 (CI 0.79-0.96) respectively. The statistically significant BISAP cut off for diagnosing sever AP was≥3, and ≥2 for moderately sever AP and pancreatic necrosis. There was positive correlation between revised Atlanta severity of acute pancreatitis and length of hospital stay (r=0.41). Mortality was 3.3 % which was seen in BISAP score 3 or above. Conclusion: BISAP is a simple predictive model in identifying patient at a risk of developing different severity of pancreatitis and its outcome in our population.


2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement W Imrie

Several approaches have been used in an attempt to predict the severity and prognosis of attacks of acute pancreatitis. The Ranson and Glasgow criteria include a variety of simple laboratory parameters that are measured on admission and again within 48 h. They are the most widely used indices in clinical practice. The Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II system is more complicated, but can be applied to a wide variety of conditions, especially in intensive care settings. The usefulness of this system depends on the threshold score for defining severe pancreatitis; a score of eight appears to be the most appropriate. The finding of nonperfused areas in the pancreas at contrast-enhanced computed tomography is indicative of pancreatic necrosis and portends an unfavourable prognosis. Other clinical and laboratory indices have been proposed, but the most important predictive factor of early mortality seems to be the presence and persistance of a Marshall organ failure score of two or more. This is especially true if organ dysfunction persists beyond 36 h. Radiological findings do not always correlate well with the presence of organ dysfunction, and more investigations are required.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3947
Author(s):  
Vinodh Duraisami ◽  
Gunasekaran Balraj ◽  
Vinyak Rengan

Background: Acute pancreatitis can be classified as mild and severe. Mild pancreatitis is explained by interstitial edema of the gland and it is usually a self-limiting form. Whereas in severe pancreatitis, there is pancreatic necrosis, severe systemic inflammatory response and multi-organ failure which may lead to mortality. To identify the most common etiological agent of acute pancreatitis in our institution.Methods: Patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in Institute of General Surgery, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. General Hospital. 50 of them are to be selected on the basis of nonprobability (purposive) sampling method. Data pertinent to the scoring systems will be recorded within 24 h of admission to the hospital.Results: 86% of patients had BISAP score less than 3 (mild) and 14% of patients had more or more than 3 (severe). The cases with mild, moderate and severe CTSI score were 76%, 20% and 4% respectively. Only two cases with BISAP score 3 or more had CTSI >6.Conclusions: Alcohol is the most common etiological factor for acute pancreatitis in this regional population. The morbidity rate is 26% and the mortality rate in patients with severe pancreatitis was 4%. The BISAP score is more accurate in predicting disease severity and significantly than CTSI in this study.


Author(s):  
Nazlı Arslan ◽  
Müge Hacer Özkarataş ◽  
Nuran Esen ◽  
Aydan Özkütük

Objective: Tuberculosis retains its importance as the only infectious disease in the world that affects 10 million people and causes 1.5 million deaths per se. The major obstacle in the elimination and control of tuberculosis is the emergence and spread of resistant tuberculosis cases. It was aimed to determine the current Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs at Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. Method: In our study, the results of all samples sent between January 2013 and November 2019 were examined retrospectively for the presence of M. tuberculosis complex and drug susceptibility results. The samples were cultured in Löwenstein Jensen media and BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Drug susceptibility testing was performed with the BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE kit in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. Results: In a total of 473 (2.2%) of 21620 specimens M. tuberculosis complex was reproduced. The samples were classified as pulmonary (n:300; 63.4%) and extrapulmonary (n:173; 36.6%), samples. When repeated samples of the same patient, were excluded, positive culture test results were determined in a total of 365 patients. Susceptibility to all primary antituberculosis drugs was shown in 275 of 321 (85.7%) patients, while total rates of resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol were found in respective number of patients as follows: (n:24 (7.5%), 22 (6.8%), (n:7; 2.2%) and (n:2; 0.6%). The rate of MDR was 0.6% in 2 patients. Conclusion: In our hospital, streptomycin is the first-line antituberculosis drug with the highest resistance rate. All susceptibility rates were seen lower than the data reported in Turkey Tuberculosis Control Report and other studies of Turkey. Implementing drug surveillance program plays an important role for maintaining these low rates and for the management of tuberculosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Saurabh Arora ◽  
Parminder Singh ◽  
Rohit Verma ◽  
Naveen Mittal ◽  
Ajit Sood ◽  
...  

AbstractAcute pancreatitis as an initial manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare occurrence and timely diagnosis of PHPT is crucial in preventing repeat attack of pancreatitis. The study aimed at evaluating the clinico-radiological profile of patients admitted with acute pancreatitis as the index presentation of PHPT and to determine the factors associated with development of severe pancreatitis. This series included retrospective analysis of medical records of 30 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis as initial manifestation of PHPT. Additionally, we analyzed the data of another 30 patients admitted with PHPT but without any evidence of pancreatitis, to serve as control group. The mean age of the subjects was 44.9±13.9 years with male to female ratio of 1.30. The mean serum calcium level was 12.24±2.79 mg/dl and five (16.6%) patients had normocalcemia at time of presentation. Presence of nephrolithiasis was significantly associated with severe pancreatitis. One patient had refractory hypercalcemia associated with renal failure and was successfully managed with denosumab. Patients with PHPT associated with acute pancreatitis had significantly higher calcium levels and lower frequency of skeletal involvement as compared to PHPT patients without pancreatitis. PHPT masquerading as acute pancreatitis is rare and high index of suspicion is required to diagnose this condition especially in the presence of normocalcemia at presentation. Patients with PHPT associated pancreatitis had male preponderance, higher calcium levels, and lower frequency of skeletal involvement as compared to PHPT patients without pancreatitis.


Author(s):  
S. V. Novikov ◽  
M. L. Rogal ◽  
R. A. Yartsev ◽  
Yu. S. Teterin

Aim. To improve the results of treatment for patients with acute pancreatitis by optimizing the technique of performing percutaneous methods of drainage and sequestrectomy.Material and methods. We have considered experience of treating pancreatic necrosis in 257 patients, confirmed by computed tomography, intraoperatively, and postmortem examinations. Moderate severity pancreatitis was detected in 159 (61.9%) patients, severe – in 98 (38.1%) cases.Results. Small focal pancreatic necrosis was detected in 99 (62.3%) patients with moderate pancreatitis, large focal pancreatitis – in 60 (37.7%). Small-focal pancreatic necrosis was in 23 (23.5%) patients, large-focal – in 43 (43.9%), subtotal – in 29 (29.6%), total – in 3 (3.1%) among patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Percutaneous approach was used in combination with transluminal and open surgery in 59 (23%) patients. Infected necrosis was detected in 6 (3.8%) patients with acute moderate pancreatitis and in 44 (44.9%) patients with severe pancreatitis, sepsis – in 12 (12.2%) patients. 27 (10.5%) patient have died from septic shock in the first phase of pancreatitis, included 14 (5.4%) cases after surgery. Overall 41 (16%) patients with pancreatic necrosis have died.Conclusion. Compliance of stages in surgical treatment technology allows optimally combine it with transluminal sequestrectomy, reduces surgical trauma, eliminates additional risks of open approach associated with complications and deaths.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
G.Ya. Kostyuk ◽  
O.G. Kostyuk ◽  
M.V. Burkov ◽  
I.A. Golubovsky ◽  
M.P. Bulko ◽  
...  

The article presents data on the development in the lumen of the pancreatic duct of condensed protein masses in people who died from the development of severe acute pancreatitis. 10 pancreas (areas of the head, body and tail, ductal system of the pancreas) of people who died of acute pancreatitis were subjected to histological examination. The material was fixed in 10% formalin solution, carried out in alcohols of increasing strength and enclosed in celloidin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A histological examination revealed that the condensed masses were represented by heterogeneous protein formations, cells of desquamated ductal epithelium, blood elements, fibrin threads. They completely filled the lumen of the pancreatic ducts and stopped the movement of pancreatic secretion. The data on the treatment of severe pancreatitis in experimental studies using the method of bougie and washing the pancreatic ducts with a novocaine-contrical mixture are presented. Two methods are proposed for restoring the permeability of the pancreatic duct in pancreatic necrosis in humans. Possible ways of the formation of fistulas and cysts are suggested, as a complication in the severe course of acute pancreatitis.


2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Audrius Šileikis ◽  
Virgilijus Beiša ◽  
Blažiejus Jucevičius ◽  
Saulius Jurevičius ◽  
Albinas Lamošiūnas ◽  
...  

Audrius Šileikis, Virgilijus Beiša, Blažiejus Jucevičius, Saulius Jurevičius, Albinas Lamošiūnas, Kęstutis StrupasVilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Pilvo chirurgijos centras,Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Ūminis pankreatitas – tai liga, pasižyminti sunkiai prognozuojama klinikine eiga ir dideliu mirštamumu. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pateikti mūsų sukauptą gydymo patirtį ir ją palyginti su literatūros duomenimis. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyviuoju metodu išnagrinėta 126 ligonių, 2002–2005 m. gydytų nuo nekrozinio pankreatito, medicininė dokumentacija. Ūminis pankreatitas buvo diagnozuojamas remiantis klinika, instrumentiniais tyrimais ir amilazės kiekio padidėjimu kraujyje. Sunkumo laipsniui nustatyti naudotasi Atlantos klinikine klasifikacija. Kasos nekrozei patvirtinti būdavo atliekama kasos KT su intraveniniu kontrastavimu. Ligoniai operuoti tais atvejais, kai būdavo įrodyta kasos nekrozinio audinio infekcija, atsirasdavo intraabdominalinė komplikacija arba toliau gydomo konservatyviai ilgiau nei tris savaites ligonio būklė negerėdavo. Operuojant ligonius būdavo atliekamos nekrektomijos, paskui taikytas atviras ar uždaras plovimo būdas. Rezultatai Pagrindinė ūminio pankreatito priežastis – alkoholis (48%). Daugumai gydytų ligonių kasos nekrozė neviršijo 30% kasos dydžio (69%). Dauguma ligonių išoperuota (57,14%). Pagrindinė indikacija operuoti – kasos nekrozinių audinių infekcija (51,4%). Lyginant kasos nekrozės infekcijos dažnį su kasos nekrozės dydžiu nustatyta, kad kuo didesnis nekrozės plotas, tuo dažnesnė infekcija. Palyginus operacijų būdus konstatuota, kad ligoniams po nekrektomijos ir vėliau taikyto uždaro plovimo žarninių fistulių buvo mažiau ir trumpesnė pooperacinio gydymo trukmė. Mirė 15 ligonių (12%), iš jų 7 ligoniai – pirmosios klinikinės fazės metu ir 8 ligoniai – antrosios. Išvados Norint išvengti sunkaus ūminio pankreatito sukeliamų komplikacijų, dėl kurių gali ištikti mirtis, būtina laiku diagnozuoti ir tinkamai gydyti ligą. Nustatant ūminio pankreatito sunkumo laipsnį, būtina vadovautis Atlantos klinikiniais kriterijais. Diagnozavus kasos nekrozę, rekomenduojama infekcijos profilaktikai skirti antibiotikų. Optimalus operacinio gydymo laikas – trečia ar ketvirta savaitė nuo ligos pradžios. Pageidautina, kad ligoniai, sergantys sunkiu ūminiu pankreatitu, būtų gydomi tretinio lygio centruose, kuriuose būtų užtikrinta jų stebėsena ir adekvati komplikacijų korekcija. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ūminis pankreatitas, kasos nekrozė, infekcija, chirurginis gydymas Experience in treating acute necrotic pancreatitis Audrius Šileikis, Virgilijus Beiša, Blažiejus Jucevičius, Saulius Jurevičius, Albinas Lamošiūnas, Kęstutis StrupasCenter of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital "Santariškių klinikos",Santariškių str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Acute pancreatitis is a disease which is notable for its complicated forecast of the clinical course and for its high degree of mortality. Thus, the goal of the present article is to reveal the accumulated experience in its treatment and to compare it with the data presented in the literature. Patients and methods The medical documentation of 126 patients who underwent treatment against necrotics pancreatitis within the years 2002–2005 have been investigated by the retrospective method. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed referring to the clinic, instrumental investigation and an increase of the quantity of amylase in the blood. The Atlanta clinical classification was applied seeking to ascertain the degree of severity. CT of the pancreas together with intravenous contrasting was employed to prove pancreatic necrosis. The patients were operated on, if infection of pancreatic necrosis was proved, if the intra-abdominal complication occurred or if the patient’s condition did not improve while continuing the conservative treatment for longer than three weeks. Debridment was done while operating on the patients; afterwards the open and closed packing was carried out. Results Alcohol is the main cause of acute pancreatitis (48%). Pancreatic necrosis in most of the patients that had undergone treatment (69%) did not exceed 30% of the size of the pancreas. Most of the patients were operated on (57.14%). Infection of pancreatic necrosis served as the main indication for the operation (51.4%). The frequency of infection of pancreatic necrosis directly depended on the size of the necrosis. As regards the methods of operation, it was ascertained that there were less intestinal fistulas and duration of the post-operational treatment was shorter among the patients who had undergone the debridment followed by closed packing. Fifteen patients died (12%), of them seven died in the course of the first clinical phase and eight patients in the second phase. Conclusions To avoid the complications caused by serious acute pancreatitis, which may be mortal, the timely diagnostics and the proper tactics of treatment are obligatory. While ascertaining the degree of severity of acute pancreatitis it is necessary to refer to the criteria adapted by the Atlanta Congress. Upon diagnosing pancreatic necrosis, it is advisable to prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection. The most optimal time for operational treatment is the 3rd or the 4th week after the onset of the disease. Patients ill with severe acute pancreatitis should be treated in the high-level centers in which their monitoring and an adequate correction of the complications will be assured. Key words: acute pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, infection, antibiotic prophylaxis


SICOT-J ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Srikanth Mudiganty ◽  
Ilias Kosmidis ◽  
John Edwin

Introduction: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2011 declared standards in the management of fracture neck of femur (NOF) patients suggesting a total hip replacement (THR) if necessary criteria were met. The Best Practice Tariff (BPT) states all NOF fracture patients should be operated on within 36 h of presentation to Accident & Emergency. We conducted this retrospective study for the years 2016–2018 to evaluate the adherence to these guidelines by Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital and compared the results with national standards. Methods: Data for the period from 2016 to 2018 was collected from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) retrospectively. The data was analysed to calculate various procedures performed for fracture NOF fixations, the number of THR’s for displaced intracapsular fracture NOF, and percentage of patients operated within 36 h and evaluated reasons for the delay. Results: Over the 3 years, the number of THR eligible displaced intracapsular neck of femur fracture patients that underwent THR was above the national average. Across all 3 years, the number of patients who underwent surgery within 36 h was less than the national average. Administrative/logistic reasons for the delay were the major cause for delayed surgery in all 3 years. Conclusion: Compliance with the NICE guidelines and achievement of national standards in NOF fracture care is achievable by most district general hospitals. Awareness and implementation of NICE guidelines for THRs need to be enhanced. A sustained, continual team effort and strict vigilance are necessary to prevent delayed surgery.


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