scholarly journals Dietary Self-Monitoring Related to Appropriate Weight Gain in Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1005-1005
Author(s):  
Sarah Horton ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Holly Hull ◽  
Lauren Hand
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary self-monitoring and adherence to gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines in women randomized to a 12-week high fiber (HF) diet (≥30 g/day). These relationships were also evaluated within maternal pre-pregnancy BMI groups. Methods Twenty pregnant women were enrolled, and 12 were randomized and completed the intervention. The intervention group only tracked their daily diet for a total of 82-days. Women met weekly with a registered dietitian via telephone for group lessons on consuming a HF diet. Participants tracked dietary intake with a mobile application (LifeScience Technologies AtHome). For these analyses, a day was considered tracked if any food item was entered. Participants could only see fiber grams; all other nutrition data were hidden. GWG was classified as excessive or not-excessive based on 2009 IOM guidelines. ANOVA was used to detect a difference in days tracked between excessive and not-excessive gainers. Within BMI groups, linear regression determined the relationship between days tracked and GWG and dietary intake. Results Out of 82 days, women tracked a mean of 68.8 ± 22.8 days. No difference in days tracked was found between excessive (n = 5) and non-excessive (n = 7) weight gainers (57.0 ± 32.4 vs. 77.1 ± 7.2 days, respectively; P = 0.14). The number of days tracked was related to GWG during the intervention (R2 = 0.44; P = 0.03). In overweight/obese women (n = 5), tracking was related to GWG (R2 = 0.92; P = 0.04), however, no relationship was found in normal weight women (n = 7; P = 0.18). The number of days tracked was not related to calorie or fiber intake. Conclusions Dietary self-monitoring was related to better gestational weight control throughout the 82-day intervention, but not dietary measures. Larger studies are needed to expand these findings and to determine the possible mechanism by which self-monitoring improves gestational weight outcomes. Funding Sources This study was supported by an NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award.

Total gestational weight gain and the risk of preeclampsia by pre-pregnancy body mass index categories: a population-based cohort study from 2013 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Premru-Srsen ◽  
Zorana Kocic ◽  
Vesna Fabjan Vodusek ◽  
Ksenija Geršak ◽  
Ivan Verdenik
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Background Identifying the risk factors for preeclampsia (PE) is essential for the implementation of preventive actions. In the present study, we aimed at exploring the association between total gestational weight gain (GWG) and PE. Methods We performed a population-based cohort survey of 98,820 women with singleton pregnancies who delivered in Slovenia from 2013 to 2017. Aggregated data were obtained from the National Perinatal Information System (NPIS). The main outcome measure was the incidence of PE. The main exposure variable was total GWG standardized for the gestational duration by calculating the z-scores. The associations between total GWG and PE stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories adjusted for a variety of covariates were determined using multivariable logistic regression. We calculated the crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval using a two-way test. Results Excessive GWG was associated with increased odds of PE in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories. The increase in the odds of PE by 445% was the highest in underweight women and by 122% was the lowest in obese women. Low GWG was associated with decreased odds of PE in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories except in normal-weight women with a GWG below −2 standard deviation (SD) and underweight women. The decrease in the odds of PE by 67% was the highest in obese women and by 41% was the lowest in normal-weight women. Conclusion Excessive GWG is a significant risk factor for PE, especially in underweight women, while low GWG is an important protective factor against PE, especially in obese women.

scholarly journals Reducing Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Lessons from the Weight Control Literature and Avenues for Future Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Phelan ◽  
Kris Jankovitz ◽  
Todd Hagobian ◽  
Barbara Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
In Pregnancy

Excessive gestational weight gain is a prevalent problem and an independent predictor of future obesity in both mothers and offspring. Intervention research to prevent excessive gestational weight gain is still in its infancy but results to date have been quite modest. Research in weight control outside of pregnancy over the past 30 years has been more robust and identified several key components of effective programs, including use of caloric restriction, daily diet self-monitoring, self-weighing, behavior therapy and ongoing patient–provider contact. The aim of this article is to summarize intervention components shown to be effective in promoting successful weight control outside of pregnancy and explore potential applications in pregnancy. Available evidence suggests that the strategies shown to be effective for weight control outside of pregnancy may also promote better weight control in pregnancy, but several lines for future investigation remain.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Gestational Weight Gain, Pre-pregnancy BMI, and Prenatal Diet Quality (P18-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Parker ◽  
Karen McCurdy ◽  
Alison Tovar ◽  
Maya Vadiveloo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Gestational weight gain (GWG) may reflect dynamic changes to prenatal diet quality, however, this relationship has been understudied. This study explored the relationship between GWG, pre-pregnancy BMI, and prenatal diet quality. Methods A secondary analysis examined a subset of 1268 women in the longitudinal Infant Feeding Practices Study (IFPS II) with 3rd trimester Diet History Questionnaire data. Diet quality was assessed with the Alternative Health Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Self-reported pre-pregnancy BMI, and total GWG (72% response rate) were used to classify GWG as inadequate (I), adequate (A), and excessive (E) according to the Institute of Medicine's recommendations. Tukey-adjusted generalized linear models, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, Women, Infants, and Children participation, parity, and energy intake, compared GWG groups on mean AHEI-P scores. The interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG group was tested and if significant, models were stratified by BMI group. Sensitivity analyses using multiply imputed GWG data were conducted. Results On average, AHEI-P scores were 61.3 (of 130), women were 28.9 years, higher socioeconomic status (40% college graduates) and mostly non-Hispanic White (84%). Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were inversely associated with AHEI-P scores (P < 0.0001). The association between GWG and diet quality was modified by BMI group (P = 0.04). In stratified adjusted analyses, GWG was associated with AHEI-P scores (P < 0.05) among women with pre-pregnancy underweight (I = 54.4 ± 3.9, A = 59.7 ± 3.6, E = 63.5 ± 3.5), normal weight (I = 59.2 ± 1.5, A = 61.0 ± 1.2, E = 59.3 ± 1.2), overweight (I = 62.3 ± 2.9, A = 60.7 ± 1.6, E = 59.4 ± 1.5), and obesity (I = 59.2 ± 1.8, A = 57.8 ± 2.0, E = 60.6 ± 1.5). However, no significant post-hoc differences between GWG groups were observed among any of the pre-pregnancy BMI groups. Findings from the multiple imputation analysis did not differ from complete case analysis findings. Conclusions GWG and prenatal diet quality differed according to pre-pregnancy BMI in this study. Adherence to GWG recommendations during pregnancy is an important predictor of maternal diet quality and should be examined in conjunction with pre-pregnancy BMI. Funding Sources There are no funding sources to disclose.

scholarly journals Excessive gestational weight gain in the first trimester is associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study from Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Lan ◽  
Yi-qi Zhang ◽  
Hong-li Dong ◽  
Ju Zhang ◽  
Feng-ming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Iom Recommendations

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) in the first trimester (GWG-F) and the rate of gestational weight gain in the second trimester (RGWG-S) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), exploring the optimal GWG ranges for the avoidance of GDM in Chinese women.Design:A population-based prospective study was conducted. Gestational weight was measured regularly in every antenatal visit and assessed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria (2009). GDM was assessed with the 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of GWG-F and RGWG-S on GDM, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI. In each BMI category, the GWG values corresponding to the lowest prevalence of GDM were defined as the optimal GWG range.Setting:Southwest China.Participants:Pregnant women (n 1910) in 2017.Results:After adjusting for confounders, GWG-F above IOM recommendations increased the risk of GDM (OR; 95 % CI) among underweight (2·500; 1·106, 5·655), normal-weight (1·396; 1·023, 1·906) and overweight/obese women (3·017; 1·118, 8·138) compared with women within IOM recommendations. No significant difference was observed between RGWG-S and GDM (P > 0·05) after adjusting for GWG-F based on the previous model. The optimal GWG-F ranges for the avoidance of GDM were 0·8–1·2, 0·8–1·2 and 0·35–0·70 kg for underweight, normal-weight and overweight/obese women, respectively.Conclusions:Excessive GWG in the first trimester, rather than the second trimester, is associated with increased risk of GDM regardless of pre-pregnancy BMI. Obstetricians should provide more pre-emptive guidance in achieving adequate GWG-F.

scholarly journals Effect of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on obstetric and neonatal outcomes – A pilot study

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
N Nazlima ◽  
B Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

Objectives: The study was undertaken to explore the effects of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and excess weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes different maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Obstetrics records of 496 singleton pregnant women delivered between 2007 and 2009 in IBN SINA Medical College Hospital were reviewed. On the basis of BMI on their first visit the patients were divided into 3 groups; Mat BMI Gr 1, normal (BMI 20–24.9 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>, n=366), Mat BMI Gr 2, overweight (BMI 25-29.9 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>, n=102), Mat BMI Gr 3, obese (BMI >30 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>, n=28). On the basis of gestational weight gain, the subject divided into 2 categories, Gets WtGain Gr A, gestational weight gain 8–15.9 Kg (n=315), Gest WtGain Gr B, gestational weight gain >16 Kg weight gain (n=181). Data were expressed as number (percentage). Proportion test was performed for comparison between two groups. P value <0.05 was taken as level of significance. Results: of the total 496 pregnant women 74.59% were between 19-34 years of age. Among all the women 64.11% had high school education of different grade. Of all the pregnancies 23.18% were nulliparous. Of the total 496 women 366 (79.79%) were normal weight, 102 (20.56%) overweight and 28 (5.64%) obese. Obese women group had significantly higher proportion of hypertensive cases compared to the normal weight (p<0.001) and overweight (p<0.01) group. Relatively higher proportion of macrosomia, birth trauma, shoulder dystocia and NICU admission among babies of obese women (p=ns). One hundred and eighty one (36.49%) of study subjects had gestational weight gain above the cut-off (>16 kg) value (p<0.001). Women with weight gain bout the cut-off level had relatively higher proportion of macrosomic babies (p=ns). Conclusions: The data reconfirmed that obesity is associated with hypertension. Significant proportion of women had weight gain more than cut-off value which needs to be addressed to ensure sound maternal and fetal wellbeing. However, a multicentre large scale study is warranted which may help the researchers to conclusively comment on the issue and thus plan future strategies for health care during pregnancy. Key words: Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, obstetrics outcomes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i3.8364 BJMS 2011; 10(3): 195-199

scholarly journals Comparison of Three International Charts Used to Monitor Gestational Weight Gain: Results from a Brazilian Multiple Cohort Dataset (P11-128-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Farias ◽  
Thais Carrilho ◽  
Ronaldo Alves ◽  
Nathalia Costa ◽  
Monica Batalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Moderate Agreement ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives To compare gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories of Brazilian women with three international charts used to monitor GWG, and to test whether there are differences in the classification of total GWG centiles between these charts. Methods This is a multiple combined cohort dataset with data from 10 Brazilian studies with repeated measures (mean of 6.9 measures) of GWG. Total GWG was obtained by the difference between the weight measured up to 14 days before delivery and the weight measured in the 1st trimester [Intergrowth-21st, I-chart] or the pre-pregnancy self-reported weight [Life-cycle project, L-charts; and Hutcheon, H-charts]. A total of 3,423 (23,340 observations) adult women with singleton pregnancies and free of hypertension and diabetes were included. We compared graphically the mean linear prediction (linear mixed-effect models) of Brazilian women GWG with the 50th centile of three international charts. The agreement of total GWG classification in < 10th, 10th–90th and > 90th centiles was tested using Cohen's kappa coefficient according to Landis & Koch classification. Results Women had a mean total GWG of 12.2 kg (SD: 5.8) and were, on average, 27.4 (SD: 5.8) years old. Pre-pregnancy normal weight women had a different pattern of GWG compared to I-chart, and the mean GWG of this group was slightly higher than the 50th centile of the L-chart. Underweight and obese women presented a different slope of GWG compared with the 50th centiles of H and L-charts. Pre-pregnancy overweight women presented a linear prediction that overlaps the 50th centile of the L-chart in the second half of pregnancy (Figure). It was observed a moderate agreement (kappa = 0.56) comparing the 10th, 10th–90th and 90th centiles classification between L and I-charts for normal weight women. L and H-charts presented a substantial agreement for underweight (kappa = 0.71), and moderate for overweight (kappa = 0.52) and obese women (kappa = 0.59). Conclusions L-charts are the ones that most closely resemble the Brazilian GWG distribution, especially for overweight women. We observed moderate agreement in the GWG classification of women in the 10th and 90th centiles between charts, which may lead to different diagnosis of GWG depending on which chart is used. This is a first step to create new Brazilian GWG recommendations. Funding Sources The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grand Challenges Exploration). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Patterns and predictors of gestational weight gain in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekede Asefa ◽  
Allison Cummins ◽  
Yadeta Dessie ◽  
Maralyn Foureur ◽  
Andrew Hayen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Introduction Gaining excessive or inadequate gestational weight is associated with many adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth, and low birth weight. It is a public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns and predictors of GWG in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among pregnant women who attended antenatal care in health centres in Addis Ababa, from January to September 2019. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and checklists and analysed using Stata version-14. Weight at or before 16 weeks gestation was used as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight. Women’s height and baseline weight were measured by data collectors, and we obtained weight at the end of the 24th and 36th weeks of gestation from women’s medical records. GWG was categorized as inadequate, adequate and excessive based on the United States Institute of Medicine criteria. Predictors of GWG were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Results A total of 395 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. GWG was assessed for 369 (93%) women. The median GWG was 8.7 kg with inter quartile ranges (25th, 75th percentiles) of 7.0 kg and 11.6 kg. More than two-third of the participants, 248 (67.2% [95% CI: 62.2, 72.0%]), gained inadequate weight; 103 (27.9% [95% CI: 23.4, 32.8%]) gained adequate weight; and 18 (4.9% [95% CI: 2.9%, 7.6%]) gained excessive weight. Three quarters (75%) of underweight women gained inadequate gestational weight, whereas 43% of overweight or obese women gained inadequate gestational weight. Being underweight (AOR = 3.30 [95% CI: 1.32, 8.24]) or normal weight (AOR = 2.68 [95% CI: 1.37, 5.24]) before pregnancy increased the odds of gaining inadequate gestational weight compared to overweight or obese women. Not having paid employment was associated with higher odds of gaining inadequate gestational weight compared to women employed outside the home (AOR = 2.17 [95% CI: 1.16, 4.07]). Conclusions Most pregnant women in Addis Ababa gain inadequate gestational weight. In particular, three quarters of underweight women gained inadequate gestational weight. Being underweight, normal weight or having no paid employment were associated with higher odds of inadequate GWG. Promoting adequate GWG in Addis Ababa among underweight and normal weight women may be an important public health initiative.

scholarly journals Optimization of women’s physical activity during pregnancy to prevent excessive gestational weight gain

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
S.O. Ostafiichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gestational Weight

The objective: to study the effect of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy on the level of gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with different prepregnancy weight. Materials and methods. 219 pregnant women were enrolled. Anthropometry and calculation of body mass index (BMI) were carried out. GWG was evaluated by the difference between the weight before delivery and prepregnancy. The control group consisted of 117 women who were under routine antenatal supervision. The main group – 102 pregnant women, who were enrolled to the program of PA. The level of intensity of PA was estimated on the «International Physical Activity Questionnaire». The results were statistically analyzed using using Microsoft Excel-based statistical analysis package and Statistica 6.0 program pack (StatSoft Inc.,USA). Results. It was proved that only moderate (r = – 0.68; p<0.001) and intensive (r = – 0.68; p<0.001) levels of PA have an inverse correlation with GWG, while low (r = 0.64; p<0.001) and sedentary (r = 0.79; p<0.001) activities contribute to weight gain. In the main group the moderate level of PA (82,2±9,8 MET-h/week) has increase in compared with the control group (54,5±10,0 MET-h/week) (p<0.05). A level of GWG (1.3±1.3) kg was lower in the main group 11.1±1.2 kg versus 14.5±1.2 kg in the control (p<0.05). In the main group, the number of pregnant women with the recommended GWG (64.7±4.7%) exceeded 2.9 times (p<0.001) with excessive and 4.7 times (p<0.001) with insufficient weight gain. Implementation of the PA program significantly reduced the risk of excessive GWG at normal weight (OR 0.42; 95% Cl: 0.20–0.86; p<0.05), overweight (OR 0.06; 95% Cl: 0.01–0.16; p<0.05) and obese women (OR 0.11; 95% Cl: 0.02–0.68; p<0.05). The proposed PA did not significantly decrease the risk of insufficient GWG in women with low prepregnancy BMI. Conclusions. It has been proven that moderate PA increases the chances recommended GWG (4.48; 95% Cl: 2.53–7.91; p<0.001), while low PA is insufficient to prevent excessive weight gain (OR 2.01; 95% Cl: 1.07–3.92; p<0.05). Due to small percentage of pregnant women with an intensive level of PA in the present study, no statistically significant effect of this level on GWG was found (p=0.85). Key words: pregnancy, gestational weight gain, physical activity.

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