scholarly journals Association Between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Serum Level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in US Children and Adults, NHANES 2013–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1514-1514
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Jessica Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Objectives Previous studies have shown that consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal is associated with higher dietary intake of vitamin D; however, little is known about the association between RTE cereal consumption and vitamin D status measured by the serum biomarker, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The study was conducted to examine association between consumption of RTE cereal and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the clinical biomarker for vitamin D status in children and adults in the United States. Methods Children aged 1–18 years old (N = 2553) and adults aged 19 years or older (N = 4901) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 were included in the study. Day 1 dietary data were used to classify participants by RTE cereal consumption status. Vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy were assessed by serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitaminD using cut-off values recommended by the National Academy of Medicine. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using survey logistic regression for associations between RTEC consumption and vitamin D status in children and adults. Results Both children and adults who reported RTE cereal consumption had a significantly higher level of serum 25-hydroxyitamin D than children and adults who did not consume RTE cereal (P < 0.05). Adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, family income to poverty ratio, season of data collection, and use of vitamin D containing supplements, children who consumed RTE cereal were less likely to have vitamin D inadequacy than non-eaters (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI = [0.34, 0.68]). In adults, RTEC eaters were less likely to have vitamin D deficiency than non-eaters (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = [0.28, 0.97]). Conclusions Consumption of RTE cereal is associated with better vitamin D status in both children and adults in the United States. Funding Sources The study was funded by the Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in the United States, 2011–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A Herrick ◽  
Renee J Storandt ◽  
Joseph Afful ◽  
Christine M Pfeiffer ◽  
Rosemary L Schleicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Medicare Part B

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D is important for bone health; in 2014 it was the fifth most commonly ordered laboratory test among Medicare Part B payments. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe vitamin D status in the US population in 2011–2014 and trends from 2003 to 2014. Methods We used serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from NHANES 2011–2014 (n = 16,180), and estimated the prevalence at risk of deficiency (<30 nmol/L) or prevalence at risk of inadequacy (30–49 nmol/L) by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and dietary intake of vitamin D. We also present trends between 2003 and 2014. Results In 2011–2014, the percentage aged ≥1 y at risk of vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.1%, 6.2%) and 18.3% (95% CI: 16.2%, 20.6%). The prevalence of at risk of deficiency was lowest among children aged 1–5 y (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%), peaked among adults aged 20–39 y (7.6%; 95% CI: 6.0%, 9.6%), and fell to 2.9% (95% CI: 2.0%, 4.0%) among adults aged ≥60 y; the prevalence of at risk of inadequacy was similar. The prevalence of at risk of deficiency was higher among non-Hispanic black (17.5%; 95% CI: 15.2%, 20.0%) than among non-Hispanic Asian (7.6%; 95% CI: 5.9%, 9.9%), non-Hispanic white (2.1%; 95% CI: 1.5%, 2.7%), and Hispanic (5.9%; 95% CI: 4.4%, 7.8%) persons; the prevalence of at risk of inadequacy was similar. Persons with higher vitamin D dietary intake or who used supplements had lower prevalences of at risk of deficiency or inadequacy. From 2003 to 2014 there was no change in the risk of vitamin D deficiency; the risk of inadequacy declined from 21.0% (95% CI: 17.9%, 24.5%) to 17.7% (95% CI: 16.0%, 19.7%). Conclusion The prevalence of at risk of vitamin D deficiency in the United States remained stable from 2003 to 2014; at risk of inadequacy declined. Differences in vitamin D status by race and Hispanic origin warrant additional investigation.

scholarly journals Use of a questionnaire to assess vitamin D status in young adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilaine Bolek-Berquist ◽  
Mary E Elliott ◽  
Ronald E Gangnon ◽  
Dessa Gemar ◽  
Jean Engelke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesized that young adults would commonly have vitamin D deficiency and that a questionnaire could help identify subjects with the condition.DesignBetween January and May 2004, we administered a questionnaire to a convenience sample of young adults. We measured each participant’s serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) using a chemiluminescent assay and defined deficiency as serum 25(OH)D < 16 ng/ml.Setting and subjectsWe recruited young adults living in Madison, Wisconsin without pre-existing conditions affecting vitamin D and/or Ca metabolism.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-four adults (mean age 24 years, 53 % women, 90 % Caucasian) participated in the study. Nearly three in four adults (71 %) had 25(OH)D level <30 ng/ml and 26 % were vitamin D-deficient. In multivariate analysis, persons reporting a suntan (OR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·63, P = 0·004), tanning booth use (OR = 0·09, 95 % CI 0·02, 0·43, P = 0·002) and daily ingestion of two or more servings of milk (OR = 0·21, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·48, P < 0·001) were less likely to be deficient. These three questions provided a sensitivity and specificity of 79 % and 78 %, respectively, for the presence of deficiency.ConclusionsThe questionnaire is moderately useful to identify young adults likely to be vitamin D-deficient. Additional revisions of the questionnaire may improve its ability to predict vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
Claudio Marcocci ◽  
Geert Carmeliet ◽  
Daniel Bikle ◽  
John H White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractThe etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1,25(OH)2D, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The effects of the vitamin D endocrine system on bone and its growth plate are primarily indirect and mediated by its effect on intestinal calcium transport and serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Rickets and osteomalacia can be prevented by daily supplements of 400 IU of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) accelerates bone turnover, bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. These risks can be reduced by 800 IU of vitamin D together with an appropriate calcium intake, given to institutionalized or vitamin D–deficient elderly subjects. VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are widely expressed. Numerous genetic, molecular, cellular, and animal studies strongly suggest that vitamin D signaling has many extraskeletal effects. These include regulation of cell proliferation, immune and muscle function, skin differentiation, and reproduction, as well as vascular and metabolic properties. From observational studies in human subjects, poor vitamin D status is associated with nearly all diseases predicted by these extraskeletal actions. Results of randomized controlled trials and Mendelian randomization studies are supportive of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of some diseases, but, globally, conclusions are mixed. These findings point to a need for continued ongoing and future basic and clinical studies to better define whether vitamin D status can be optimized to improve many aspects of human health. Vitamin D deficiency enhances the risk of osteoporotic fractures and is associated with many diseases. We review what is established and what is plausible regarding the health effects of vitamin D.

scholarly journals Recommended intakes of vitamin D to optimise health, associated circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and dosing regimens to treat deficiency: workshop report and overview of current literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel G. J. Balvers ◽  
Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma ◽  
Silvia Endenburg ◽  
Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot ◽  
Frans J. Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractVitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone that traditionally has been linked to bone health. Recently, its involvement has been extended to other (extra-skeletal) disease areas, such as cancer, CVD, energy metabolism and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem, and several recommendation-setting bodies have published guidelines for adequate vitamin D intake and status. However, recommendations from, for example, the Health Council of the Netherlands do not provide advice on how to treat vitamin D deficiency, a condition that is often encountered in the clinic. In addition, these recommendations provide guidelines for the maintenance of ‘minimum levels’, and do not advise on ‘optimum levels’ of vitamin D intake/status to further improve health. The NutriProfiel project, a collaboration between the Gelderse Vallei Hospital (Ede, the Netherlands) and the Division of Human Nutrition of Wageningen University (Wageningen, the Netherlands), was initiated to formulate a protocol for the treatment of vitamin deficiency and for the maintenance of optimal vitamin D status. To discuss the controversies around treatment of deficiency and optimal vitamin D status and intakes, a workshop meeting was organised with clinicians, scientists and dietitians. In addition, a literature review was conducted to collect recent information on optimal intake of vitamins, their optimal circulating concentrations, and effective dosing regimens to treat deficiency. This information has been translated into the NutriProfiel advice, which is outlined in this article.

Vitamin D status of children in Kerala, southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhava Vijayakumar ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia ◽  
Biju George
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTertiary government hospital.ParticipantsChildren (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among schoolchildren in Greece: the role of sex, degree of urbanisation and seasonality

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Manios ◽  
George Moschonis ◽  
Toine Hulshof ◽  
Anne-Sophie Bourhis ◽  
George L. J. Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractThe current study was aiming to report the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status among schoolchildren in Greece and investigate the role of sex, urbanisation and seasonality on vitamin D status. A sample of 2386 schoolchildren (9–13 years old) from four distinct prefectures was examined. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration <30 and <50 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency respectively) was 5·2 and 52·5 %, respectively. Girls had a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D<30 (7·2 v. 3·2 %) and 50 nmol/l (57·0 v. 48·0 %) than boys (P<0·001). The highest prevalence rates of 25(OH)D<30 and 50 nmol/l (9·1 and 73·1 %, respectively) were observed during spring (April to June), whereas the lowest (1·5 and 31·9 %, respectively) during autumn (October to December). The prevalence of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/l was higher in urban/semi-urban than rural regions, particularly during spring months (74·6 v. 47·2 %; P<0·001). Female sex, urban/semi-urban region of residence and spring months were found to increase the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, with the highest OR observed for spring months (7·47; 95 % CI 3·23, 17·3 and 5·14; 95 % CI 3·84, 6·89 for 25(OH)D<30 and 50 nmol/l respectively). In conclusion, despite the southerly latitude, the prevalence of low vitamin D status among primary schoolchildren in Greece is comparable to or exceeds the prevalence reported among children and adolescents on a European level. Sub-populations at highest risk are girls in urban/semi-urban areas during spring months, thus indicating the need for effective initiatives to support adequate vitamin D status in these population groups.

scholarly journals Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum total cholesterol with depressive symptoms in Korean adults: the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012)

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1836-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hyun Lee ◽  
Eunkyung Suh ◽  
Kyung-Chae Park ◽  
Ji-Hee Haam ◽  
KyongChol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Serum Total Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population.DesignThis was a population-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012).SubjectsWe included 7198 adults aged 20–88 years.ResultsThe incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles).ConclusionsThe association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Does the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African Americans Contribute to Health Disparities?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Bruce N. Ames ◽  
William B. Grant ◽  
Walter C. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Tract Infections

African Americans have higher incidence of, and mortality from, many health-related problems than European Americans. They also have a 15 to 20-fold higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency. Here we summarize evidence that: (i) this health disparity is partly due to insufficient vitamin D production, caused by melanin in the skin blocking the UVB solar radiation necessary for its synthesis; (ii) the vitamin D insufficiency is exacerbated at high latitudes because of the combination of dark skin color with lower UVB radiation levels; and (iii) the health of individuals with dark skin can be markedly improved by correcting deficiency and achieving an optimal vitamin D status, as could be obtained by supplementation and/or fortification. Moderate-to-strong evidence exists that high 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and/or vitamin D supplementation reduces risk for many adverse health outcomes including all-cause mortality rate, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, cancer, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, multiple sclerosis, acute respiratory tract infections, COVID-19, asthma exacerbations, rickets, and osteomalacia. We suggest that people with low vitamin D status, which would include most people with dark skin living at high latitudes, along with their health care provider, consider taking vitamin D3 supplements to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) or possibly higher.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Inadequacy among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixiang Zhao ◽  
Earl S. Ford ◽  
James Tsai ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Janet B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Objective. To examine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy among US women of childbearing age. Methods. Data from 1,814 female participants (20–44 y) in the 2003–2006 NHANES were analyzed to estimate the age-adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <12.0 ng/mL) and inadequacy (defined as 25(OH)D: 12.0–<20.0 ng/mL). Results. The age-adjusted prevalence was 11.1% (95% CI: 8.8–14.0%) for vitamin D deficiency and 25.7% (95% CI: 22.3–29.5%) for vitamin D inadequacy. Race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white and obesity were associated with increased risks, whereas dietary supplement use, milk consumption of ≥1 time/day, and potential sunlight exposure during May-October were associated with decreased risks for both vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy (). Current smoking and having histories of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were also associated with an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (). Conclusions. Among women of childbearing age, periconceptional intervention programs may focus on multiple risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy to ultimately improve their vitamin D nutrition.

scholarly journals Gestational vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen ◽  
Darryl W. Eyles ◽  
Thomas H. J. Burne ◽  
Laura M. E. Blanken ◽  
Claudia J. Kruithof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Records

BackgroundThere is growing interest in linking vitamin D deficiency with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The association between vitamin D deficiency during gestation, a critical period in neurodevelopment, and ASD is not well understood.AimsTo determine the association between gestational vitamin D status and ASD.MethodBased on a birth cohort (n=4334), we examined the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), assessed from both maternal mid-gestation sera and neonatal sera, and ASD (defined by clinical records; n=68 cases).ResultsIndividuals in the 25OHD-deficient group at mid-gestation had more than twofold increased risk of ASD (odds ratio (OR)=2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 5.07, P=0.03) compared with the sufficient group. The findings persisted in analyses including children of European ethnicity only.ConclusionsMid-gestational vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of ASD. Because gestational vitamin D deficiency is readily preventable with safe, inexpensive and readily available supplementation, this risk factor warrants closer scrutiny.

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