scholarly journals Effect of Differences in Month and Location of Measurement in Estimating Prevalence and Trend of Wasting and Stunting in India in 2005–2006 and 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Madan ◽  
Edward A Frongillo ◽  
Sayeed Unisa ◽  
Laxmikant Dwivedi ◽  
Robert Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
National Family ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Negative Difference ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT Background Child undernutrition in India remains widespread. Data from the National Family Health Survey 3 and 4 (NFHS-3 and NFHS-4) suggest that wasting prevalence has increased while stunting prevalence has declined. Objective The objectives of this study were to do the following: 1) describe wasting and stunting by month of measurement in India in children <5 y of age in NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 surveys, and 2) test whether differences in the timing of anthropometric data collection and in states between survey years introduced bias in the comparison of estimates of wasting and stunting between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4. Methods Data on wasting and stunting for 42,608 and 232,744 children aged >5 y in the NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 survey rounds were analyzed. Differences in the prevalence of wasting and stunting by month of year and by state of residence were examined descriptively. Regression analyses were conducted to test the sensitivity of the estimate of differences in wasting and stunting prevalence across survey years to both state differences and seasonality. Results Examination of the patterns of wasting and stunting by month of measurement and by state across survey years reveal marked variability. When both state and month were adjusted, regardless of the method used to account for sample size, there was a small negative difference from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016 in the prevalence of wasting (−0.8 ± 0.6 percentage points; P = 0.2) and a negative difference in stunting prevalence (−8.3 ± 0.7 percentage points; P < 0.001), indicating a small bias for wasting but not for stunting in unadjusted analyses. Conclusions State and seasonal differences may have introduced bias to the estimated difference in prevalence of wasting between the survey years but did not do so for stunting. Future data collection should be designed to maximize consistency in coverage of both time and place.

scholarly journals Trends in underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence and inequality among children under three in Indian states, 1993–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Karlsson ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
Rakesh Sarwal ◽  
K. S. James ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Family Health ◽  
State Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
National Family ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Annual Reduction

AbstractChild undernutrition remains high in India with far-reaching consequences for child health and development. Anthropometry reflects undernutrition. We examined the state-level trends in underweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence and inequality by living standards using four rounds of the National Family Health Surveys in 26 states in India, conducted in 1992–1993, 1998–1999, 2005–2006, and 2015–2016. The average annual reduction (AAR) for underweight ranged from 0.04 percentage points (pp) (95% CI − 0.12, 0.20) in Haryana to 1.05 pp (95% CI 0.88, 1.22) in West Bengal for underweight; 0.35 pp (95% CI 0.11, 0.59) in Manipur to 1.47 (95% CI 1.19, 1.75) in Himachal Pradesh for stunting; and − 0.65 pp (95% CI − 0.77, − 0.52) in Haryana to 0.36 pp (95% CI 0.22, 0.51) in Bihar & Jharkhand for wasting. We find that change in the pp difference between children with the poorest and richest household living standards varied by states: statistically significant decline (increase) was observed in 5 (3) states for underweight, 5 (4) states for stunting, and 2 (1) states for wasting. Prevalence of poor anthropometric outcomes as well as disparities by states and living standards remain a problem in India.

scholarly journals Stunting and Wasting Among Indian Preschoolers have Moderate but Significant Associations with the Vegetarian Status of their Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek D Headey ◽  
Giordano Palloni
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Self Reports

ABSTRACT Background India has high rates of child undernutrition and widespread lactovegetarianism. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine how nutrition outcomes varied among Indian preschool children in relation to the vegetarian status of their parents. Methods The 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey (NSS) were used to explore associations between parental vegetarian status and child stunting and wasting at ages 0–59 mo and anemia at ages 6–59 mo. In the NFHS, self-reports on usual consumption of foods were used to classify maternal diets, whereas in the NSS lactovegetarianism was defined at the household level. Results Compared with children of nonvegetarian mothers, children aged 24–59 mo of lactovegetarian mothers were 2.9 percentage points (95% CI: −4.0, −1.9) less likely to be stunted and children aged 6–23 mo were 1.6 points less likely to be wasted (95% CI: −3.0, −0.03), whereas children aged 6–23 mo with vegan mothers were 5.2 points more likely to be stunted (95% CI: 0.1, 9.4). When compared with nonvegetarian households, lactovegetarian households had better socioeconomic status and were more likely to consume dairy frequently. Children in nonvegetarian households consumed nondairy animal-sourced foods (ASFs) with relatively low frequency. The frequency of maternal dairy consumption was significantly associated with lower risks of child stunting and wasting. Conclusions Anthropometric outcomes differed by maternal vegetarian status, which is itself strongly associated with socioeconomic position, location, religion, and caste.

Spatial Pattern of Maternal Health in Northeastern States, India-evidence from national family health survey 4 (2015-16)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. Jitenkumar Singh ◽  
◽  
Swati Kadian ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Kiran Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
National Family

scholarly journals Missed opportunities for delivering nutrition interventions in first 1000 days of life in India: insights from the National Family Health Survey, 2006 and 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e003717
Author(s):  
Phuong Hong Nguyen ◽  
Rasmi Avula ◽  
Lan Mai Tran ◽  
Vani Sethi ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
National Family ◽  
Opportunity Gaps

ObjectivesExisting health and community nutrition systems have the potential to deliver many nutrition interventions. However, the coverage of nutrition interventions across the delivery platforms of these systems has not been uniform. We (1) examined the opportunity gaps between delivery platforms and corresponding nutrition interventions through the continuum of care in India between 2006 and 2016 and and (2) assessed inequalities in these opportunity gaps.MethodsWe used two rounds of the National Family Health Survey data from 2005 to 2006 and 2015–2016 (n=36 850 and 190 898 mother–child dyads, respectively). We examine the opportunity gaps over time for seven nutrition interventions and their associated delivery platforms at national and state levels. We assessed equality and changes in equality between 2006 and 2016 for opportunity gaps by education, residence, socioeconomic status (SES), public and private platforms.ResultsCoverage of nutrition interventions was consistently lower than the reach of their associated delivery platforms; opportunity gaps ranging from 9 to 32 percentage points (pp) during the pregnancy, 17 pp during delivery and 9–26 pp during childhood in 2006. Between 2006 and 2016, coverage improved for most indicators, but coverage increases for nutrition interventions was lower than for associated delivery platforms. The opportunity gaps were larger among women with higher education (22–57 pp in 2016), higher SES status and living in urban areas (23–57 pp), despite higher coverage of most interventions and the delivery platforms among these groups. Opportunity gaps vary tremendously by state with the highest gaps observed in Tripura, Andaman and Nicobar islands, and Punjab for different indicators.ConclusionsIndia’s progress in coverage of health and nutrition interventions in the last decade is promising, but both opportunity and equality gaps remained. It is critical to close these gaps by addressing policy and programmatic delivery systems bottlenecks to achieve universal coverage for both health and nutrition within the delivery system.

scholarly journals Correction to: Inequalities in the utilisation of maternal health Care in Rural India: Evidences from National Family Health Survey III & IV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balhasan Ali ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Maternal Health Care ◽  
Rural India ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
National Family

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