scholarly journals Income Disparities in Snacking Characteristics Among U.S. Adolescents 12 to 19 Years: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 406-406
Author(s):  
Navika Gangrade ◽  
Janet Figueroa ◽  
Tashara Leak
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
High Income ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives Adolescents from low-income homes are shown to consume energy-dense snacks. However, less is known about the nutrient composition of snacks and the types of foods/beverages consumed as snacks. The overall aim of this study is to examine income disparities in, 1) nutrients consumed from snacks and 2) food/beverages consumed as snacks, among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods Adolescents (12–19 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018, had reliable Day 1 24-h diet recall data, and reported at least 1 snacking occasion were included in the analyses (n = 7132). Nutrient density (g or mg/100 kcal) of snacks was reported for the following: protein, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, total sugar, added sugar, fiber, sodium. We also reported the proportion of adolescents that consume various foods/beverages as snacks, using What We Eat in America (WWEIA) categories. We examined disparities in the aforementioned snacking characteristics by household poverty-to-income ratio (PIR): low-income (PIR ≤ 1.3), middle-income (PIR > 1.3–3.5), and high-income (PIR > 3.5). Data were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results On average, adolescents consumed 185.35 kcal (9.30% of total energy intake) per snacking occasion. For every 100 kcals, adolescent consumed 2.02g protein, 2.87g total fat, 0.99g saturated fat, 17.16g carbohydrates, 10.62g total sugar, 1.69g added sugar, 0.88g fiber, and 120.11mg sodium. Adolescents from low-income homes consumed more energy (9.63%) and added sugar (1.76g) per 100 kcals than those from high-income homes (8.52%, 1.49g, respectively; P< 0.05). The top 3 WWEIA categories of snacks were Snacks & Sweets (e.g., potato chips, cakes and pies; 73.3%), Beverages (51.9%), and Milk & Dairy (25.0%). Compared to adolescents from low-income homes, those from high-income homes were more likely to consume Snacks & Sweets (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05–1.71), but less likely to consume Beverages (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84). Conclusions Among U.S. adolescents, there exist income disparities in both the nutrient density of snacks and the types of foods/beverages consumed as snacks. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Disparities in Foods/Beverages and Nutrients Consumed by U.S. Adolescents When Snacking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Navika Gangrade ◽  
Janet Figueroa ◽  
Tashara M. Leak
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Income Ratio

Snacking contributes a significant portion of adolescents’ daily energy intake and is associated with poor overall diet and increased body mass index. Adolescents from low socioeconomic status (SES) households have poorer snacking behaviors than their higher-SES counterparts. However, it is unclear if the types of food/beverages and nutrients consumed during snacking differ by SES among adolescents. Therefore, this study examines SES disparities in the aforementioned snacking characteristics by analyzing the data of 7132 adolescents (12–19 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018. Results reveal that adolescents from low-income households (poverty-to-income ratio (PIR) ≤ 1.3) have lower odds of consuming the food/beverage categories “Milk and Dairy” (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.95; p = 0.007) and “Fruits” (aOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.78; p = 0.001) as snacks and higher odds of consuming “Beverages” (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.19-1.76; p = 0.001) compared to those from high-income households (PIR > 3.5). Additionally, adolescents from low- and middle-income (PIR > 1.3–3.5) households consume more added sugar (7.98 and 7.78 g vs. 6.66 g; p = 0.012, p = 0.026) and less fiber (0.78 and 0.77 g vs. 0.84 g; p = 0.044, p = 0.019) from snacks compared to their high-income counterparts. Future research is necessary to understand factors that influence snacking among adolescents, and interventions are needed, especially for adolescents from low-SES communities.

scholarly journals Perceived and objective diet quality in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2641-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M Powell-Wiley ◽  
Paige E Miller ◽  
Priscilla Agyemang ◽  
Tanya Agurs-Collins ◽  
Jill Reedy
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Little is understood about the relationship between objective diet quality and perceived diet quality (PDQ), a potential psychosocial barrier to appropriate dietary intake. We compared PDQ and diet quality measured by a nutrient-based DASH index score in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study. Participants in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) rated diet quality on a 5-point Likert scale and PDQ scores were generated (low, medium, high). A single 24 h dietary recall was used to estimate DASH index scores (range 0–9 points) by assigning 0, 0·5 or 1 point (optimal) for nine target nutrients: total fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, fibre, Ca, Mg, K and Na.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsAdults aged ≥19 years in 2005–2006 NHANES (n 4419).ResultsParticipants with high PDQ (33 %) had higher DASH index scores (mean 3·0 (sd 0·07)) than those with low PDQ (mean 2·5 (sd 0·06), P < 0·001), but average scores did not align with targets for intermediate or optimal DASH accordance. Adults with high PDQ reported higher total fat, saturated fat and Na intakes compared with optimal DASH nutrient goals. Differences between those with high v. low PDQ were similar for Whites and Blacks, but there was no difference between PDQ groups for Mexican Americans.ConclusionsAmong Whites and Blacks, but not Mexican Americans, high PDQ may be associated with higher diet quality, but not necessarily a diet meeting DASH nutrient goals. This disconnect between PDQ and actual diet quality may serve as a target in obesity prevention.

Abstract P130: Association Between Ready-to-eat Cereal Consumption And Nutrient Intakes Among Children 2 To 18 Years, Stratified By Household Income: Results From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
James Normington ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal has been associated with higher diet quality and dairy intake (it is often consumed with milk) in children and is an affordable source of under-consumed nutrients and whole grains. Because of its affordability and accessibility, the contribution of RTE cereal to nutrient and whole grain intake could potentially differ by household income level. We hypothesized that children living in low income households, which may be more susceptible to poor dietary intakes due to food insecurity, may differentially benefit, in terms of nutrient intake, from RTE cereal consumption compared to children in higher income households. The objective of this study was to quantify the nutrient intakes of U.S. children who reported consuming RTE cereal eater versus those that did not according to household income. We used data from the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Children 2 to 18 years (n=5,028) were stratified into six groups according to RTE cereal consumption (cereal eaters vs non-eaters) and poverty-to-income ratio (PIR; low-, mid-, and high-income). We calculated the difference in intakes of 28 nutrients between cereal eaters and non-eaters stratified by PIR. Overall, it appeared that there was a greater difference in intake of nutrients between RTE cereal eaters and non-eaters for the low-income compared to the high-income children. For example, in the low-income group, RTE cereal eaters had 23% higher calcium, 70% higher iron, and 90% higher vitamin D intake compared to non-RTE cereal eaters (p<0.0001 for all). In the high-income group, these differences were attenuated with cereal eaters having 12% higher calcium (p=0.03), 58% higher iron (p<0.0001), and 62% higher vitamin D intake (p<0.0001) compared to non-RTE cereal eaters. These data suggest that although cereal eaters had higher intake of under-consumed nutrients across all incomes, children in the low-income group particularly benefited.

scholarly journals U.S. Adolescents’ Diet Consumption Patterns Differ between Grocery and Convenience Stores: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8474
Author(s):  
Felicia J. Setiono ◽  
Navika Gangrade ◽  
Tashara M. Leak
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Linear Regressions

Among U.S. adolescents, foods/beverages that are store-bought (i.e., from grocery and convenience stores) are significant contributors of energy intake. However, it remains unclear (1) what foods/beverages are consumed by U.S. adolescents from grocery and convenience stores and (2) if there are differences in foods/beverages consumed by store type. Therefore, we analyzed 29,216 eating occasions from adolescents (12–19 years; n = 4065) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 to report food/beverage groups and nutrients consumed from grocery and convenience stores. Differences in food/beverage groups and nutrient densities by store type were calculated using multiple logistic and linear regressions. Adolescents were more likely to consume “Beverages” and “Snacks and Sweets” and less likely to consume “Grains”, “Protein”, “Milk and Dairy”, “Condiments and Sauces”, and “Fruits” from convenience compared to grocery stores (all p < 0.0025). Foods/beverages from convenience stores were higher in carbohydrates, total sugar, and added sugar and lower in protein, fat, saturated fat, sodium, and fiber than those from grocery stores (all p < 0.0025). In conclusion, while foods/beverages from convenience stores are more energy-dense and nutrient-poor, there is a critical need to increase the availability, accessibility, and affordability of healthier foods/beverages in both store types to encourage healthier dietary behaviors among U.S. adolescents.

Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Patients with COPD: The 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Soo Choi ◽  
Se Hyun Kwak ◽  
San Lee ◽  
Eun Hye Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Bmi

Abstract Background: Although depression is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the role of gender remains unexplored. We evaluated gender differences of risk factors of depressive symptoms in adults with COPD. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Spirometry was used to identify patients with COPD, defined as a FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7. Presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a total score ≥5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Overall, 17.8% of participants expressed depressive symptoms, with 13.1% being men and 29.6% being women. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that low BMI (adjusted OR, 2.62), female gender (adjusted OR, 3.48), living alone (adjusted OR, 1.75), currently smoking (adjusted OR, 2.52), and GOLD Stage III/IV (adjusted OR, 2.34) were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms. In a subgroup analysis, low BMI, low income, living alone, and multiple chronic disorders were risk factors of depressive symptoms in men, whereas low educational attainment, urban living, and currently smoking were risk factors in women.Conclusions: As risk factors of depressive symptoms in COPD patients vary according to gender, different approaches are needed to manage depression in men and women with COPD.

scholarly journals A content analysis of food advertisements appearing in parenting magazines

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Manganello ◽  
Katherine Clegg Smith ◽  
Katie Sudakow ◽  
Amber C Summers
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity is a growing problem in the USA. As parents play a major role in shaping a child's diet, the present study examines food advertisements (ads) directed towards parents in parenting and family magazines.DesignGiven the potential for magazines to influence attitudes and knowledge, we used content analysis to examine the food ads appearing in four issues each of six different parenting and family magazines from 2008 (n 24).SettingUSA.SubjectsFood ads in parenting and family magazines.ResultsWe identified 476 food ads, which represented approximately 32 % of all ads in the magazine sample. Snack foods (13 %) were the most frequently observed food ads, followed by dairy products (7 %). The most frequently used sales theme was ‘taste’ (55 %). Some ads promoted foods as ‘healthy’ (14 %) and some made specific health claims (18 %), such as asserting the product would help lower cholesterol. In addition to taste and health and nutrition appeals, we found several themes used in ad messages to promote products, including the following: ‘convenience’, ‘economical’, ‘fun’ and ‘helping families spend time together’. We also found that over half (n 405, 55·9 %) of products (n 725) advertised were products of poor nutritional quality based on total fat, saturated fat, sodium, protein, sugar and fibre contents, and that ads for such products were slightly more likely to use certain sales themes like ‘fun’ (P = 0·04) and ‘no guilt’ (P = 0·03).ConclusionsInterventions should be developed to help parents understand nutritional information seen in food ads and to learn how various foods contribute to providing a balanced family diet.

Dietary total sugar intake of Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haeng-Shin Lee ◽  
Sung-ok Kwon ◽  
Miyong Yon ◽  
Dohee Kim ◽  
Jee-Yeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition

scholarly journals Self-Reported Olfactory Dysfunction and Diet Quality: Findings from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4561
Author(s):  
Shristi Rawal ◽  
Valerie B. Duffy ◽  
Lauren Berube ◽  
John E. Hayes ◽  
Ashima K. Kant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition

We identified associations between self-reported olfactory dysfunction (OD) and dietary attributes in participants aged ≥40 years (n = 6,356) from the nationally representative 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The chemosensory questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recalls were administered by trained interviewers. OD was defined as self-report of either smell problems in the last year, worse smell relative to age 25, or perceiving phantom odors. Dietary outcomes included Healthy Eating Index 2015 score (HEI) with adequacy and moderation components (higher scores indicated higher diet quality), dietary diversity, energy density, and intake of major food groups. Survey-weighted linear regression models estimated OD–diet associations, adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) between those with versus without OD, showed that adults with OD had significantly lower HEI moderation score (−0.67 (−1.22, −0.11)) and diets higher in energy density (0.06 (0.00, 0.11)), and percent energy from saturated fat (0.47 (0.12, 0.81)), total fat (0.96 (0.22, 1.70)), and added sugar (1.00 (0.33, 1.66)). Age and sex-stratified analyses showed that younger females (40–64 years) primarily accounted for the associations with diet quality and total/saturated fat intake. These findings inform dietary screening and recommendations for adults who report OD, including those experiencing transient or persistent smell loss with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Physical activity level in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Yong An
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated physical activity (PA) participation based on demographic, physical, and psychological variables in Korean adults.METHODS: Participants were divided into four groups (combined, aerobic only, resistance only, and neither) based on meeting the PA guidelines using moderate and vigorous PA time and resistance exercise frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017. The association between meeting the PA guidelines and demographic, medical, fitness, lifestyle, and psychological variables were analyzed using complex samples crosstabs and a general linear model.RESULTS: Of the 5,820 Korean adults, 66.0% did not meet any of the guidelines. Among demographic factors, sex, age, marital status, income, education level, occupation, and employment status were associated with meeting the PA guidelines. Chronic disease prevalence, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, hand-grip strength, resting heart rate, and family history of chronic disease in the medical and fitness variables; frequency of drinking and eating breakfast, total calorie, water, protein, and fat intake in the lifestyle variables; and perceived stress, depression, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life in the psychological variables were associated with meeting PA guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: Most Korean adults participate in insufficient PA. Moreover, individuals who are socially underprivileged, have low-income or poor physical and mental health conditions participated in relatively less PA. Our findings suggest that government and individual efforts are required to increase PA and resolve health inequality in Korean adults.

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