scholarly journals Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Tanzania: The Impact of Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 670-670
Author(s):  
Generose Mulokozi ◽  
Emmalene Beckstead ◽  
Mindy Jensen ◽  
Megan Baldauf ◽  
Jenna Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives We tested the hypothesis that mothers of infants < 2 y of age exposed to nutrition and health-focused radio and TV spots (M), interpersonal counselling (IPC), or both (M + IPC) were more likely than mothers with no exposure to media nor IPC to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour of life, breastfeed exclusively, introduce foods and liquids in addition to breastmilk at 6 mo, and feed the child a minimally acceptable diet. Methods Between 2016 and 2020, the Addressing Stunting in Tanzania Early (ASTUTE) project conducted a behavior change intervention in the Lake zone of Tanzania that reached 4.4 million individuals through radio and TV spots, 6.4 million through community health worker home visits, 411,000 through support groups, and 1.6 million through health facility-based counselling. We administered a cross-sectional survey to 5,000 households with children < 2 y beforethe intervention and 5,000 households after program activities ended. We used bivariate analyses and logistic regression to test our hypotheses. Results Mothers exposed to M, IPC, or M + IPC were no more likely than mothers with no program exposure to breastfeed early (OR M = 0.8; IPC = 0.8; MIPC = 1.1) nor exclusively (OR M = 1.0; IPC = 0.9; M + IPC = 0.6). Program exposure was not associated with timely introduction of complementary foods but children of IPC mothers were significantly more likely to achieve minimum meal frequency (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.4) and children of IPC and M + IPC mothers were significantly more likely to achieve minimum dietary diversity (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.6; OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5, 2.3). They were also more likely to be fed a minimally acceptable diet (OR for IPC = 1.5 95% CI = 1.2, 1.8; OR for M + IPC = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.0). Adjusting for maternal age, education, and wealth attenuated our results. In separate analyses, in four of ASTUTE's five regions, reductions in stunting were 34.0% to 257.4% greater than the national average. Conclusions Exposure to mass media and IPC was not associated with breastfeeding but IPC and M + IPC children were significantly more likely than children of unexposed mothers to eat a minimally acceptable diet. In this context, program planners may wish to focus on IPC as a cost-effective approach for improving complementary feeding. Funding Sources ASTUTE was funded by UKAid (contract # PO 6803).

Care and not wealth is a predictor of wasting and stunting of ‘The Coffee Kids’ of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalkidan Hassen Abate ◽  
Tefera Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Jimma Zone

Background: The generation of cash from agricultural products is the mainstay of the livelihood of many households in developing countries. However, critics of cash cropping have highlighted its influence on dietary diversity and availability of food at the household level, eroding the potential for optimal child caring practices. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in three randomly selected coffee-producing districts of Jimma Zone in southwest Ethiopia. The underlying causes of malnutrition, food access, hygiene and care were assessed using the household food insecurity access scale, morbidity reports and infant and young child feeding practice core indicators of the World Health Organization. Anthropometric data were converted into weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and weight for height Z-scores to determine child nutritional outcomes. Results: Prevalence of underweight, wasting, stunting and thinness were 14.2%, 9.1%, 24.1% and 9.9%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that children with suboptimal meal frequency were more than three times more likely to develop wasting (AOR = 3.3, p < 0.0001). Female children were twice as likely to develop wasting compared with males (AOR = 2.00, 4.1, p = 0.05). Children with suboptimal dietary diversity were almost four times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 3.95, p < 0.0001). Those who were not exclusively breastfed during their first 6 months were almost five times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 4.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings imply that in coffee-producing areas, child caring practices are stronger independent predictors of nutritional status than wealth or economic indicators alone.

scholarly journals Different Combinations of Behavior Change Interventions and Frequencies of Interpersonal Contacts Are Associated with Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny S Kim ◽  
Phuong Hong Nguyen ◽  
Lan Mai Tran ◽  
Silvia Alayon ◽  
Purnima Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Social and behavior change communication interventions are integral to improving dietary and care practices, but evidence on the impact of the combination and intensity of these interventions in different contexts is scarce. Objectives We examined the extent of and factors associated with intervention exposure: interpersonal communication (IPC) alone or with other interventions (i.e., mass media, community mobilization, or nutrition-sensitive agricultural activities), number of and factors associated with IPC contacts, and combinations of intervention components and number of contacts associated with infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. Methods We used endline survey data from impact evaluations in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam (n = 1001, 1720, and 1001 mothers with children aged &lt;2 y, respectively). Multivariable regression models were used for analyses. Results Exposure to the interventions varied in all 3 countries. On average, mothers received 8 visits in the last 6 mo in Bangladesh, 2 visits in the last 3 mo in Ethiopia, and 1 visit in the last 6 mo in Vietnam. Across countries, the factors associated with intervention exposure and number of IPC contacts differed. In Ethiopia, exposure to IPC with other interventions was associated with higher odds of achieving minimum meal frequency (OR: 1.6), minimum dietary diversity (OR: 1.8), and consumption of iron-rich foods (OR: 4.7). In Vietnam, exposure to IPC alone or with mass media was associated with higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF; OR: 2.8–3.7). Near-monthly visits were associated with 2–3 times higher odds of IYCF practices in Bangladesh and Ethiopia. In Vietnam, even 1 IPC visit was associated with 2 times higher odds of EBF. Conclusions Exposure matters for impact, but the combination of behavior change interventions and number of IPC contacts required to support IYCF behavior change are context specific. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01678716 (Bangladesh), NCT02775552 (Ethiopia), and NCT01676623 (Vietnam).

scholarly journals Nutrition education linked to agricultural interventions improved child dietary diversity in rural Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Reinbott ◽  
Anna Schelling ◽  
Judith Kuchenbecker ◽  
Theresa Jeremias ◽  
Iean Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPoor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are major determinants of chronic malnutrition. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of a nutrition education (NE) programme aimed at promoting improved IYCF behaviours in combination with an agriculture intervention on children’s dietary diversity and nutritional status. From 2012 to 2014, a cluster randomised trial was rolled out in Cambodia in the context of an agriculture and nutrition project of the FAO of the UN. The cross-sectional baseline study was carried out in sixteen pre-selected communes in 2012. Restricted randomisation allotted the communes to either intervention (NE and agriculture intervention) or comparison arms (agriculture intervention only). The impact survey was conducted as a census in all FAO project villages in 2014. Caregivers of children aged 0–23 months were interviewed using standardised questions on socio-economic status and dietary diversity (24-h recall). Anthropometric measurements were taken. A difference-in-differences model was applied. The sample comprised 743 households with children ≥6 months of age at baseline and 921 at impact. After 1 year of NE, 69 % of the intervention households reported to have participated in the NE. Estimated mean child dietary diversity was significantly different at impact between comparison and intervention (3·6 and 3·9, respectively). In particular, the consumption of pro-vitamin A-rich foods and other fruits and vegetables increased. No treatment effects on height-for-age Z-scores could be shown. NE led to improvements in children’s diets. For effects on growth, it is assumed that longer NE activities are required to achieve sustainable behaviour change of age-appropriate infant feeding.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on optimal infant and young child feeding practices with reference to WHO indicators in a rural area of Puducherry

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Arulprasad Radjasegarane ◽  
Anandaraj Rajagopal ◽  
Prakash Mathiyalagen ◽  
Kavita Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
One Year

Background: Optimal infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) are essential to address the increasing burden of malnutrition and for the overall development of the children. The present study was conducted to estimate the proportion of optimal infant and young child feeding practices among rural children aged 0 to 23 months and study the associated socio demographic factors.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 children in the age group of 0 to 23 months in a rural field practice area of a medical college in Puducherry. Data on IYCF practices were collected using a standardized tool developed by WHO. Core and optional IYCF indicators were calculated. Chi-square test and Fishers’ exact test were used as tests of significance.Results: Almost 88.0% of infants were initiated early on breastfeeding and 90.8% were exclusively breastfed for six months. Children who were continuously breastfed at one year and two years were 77.4% and 22.4% respectively. About 75.0% were introduced with solid or semisolid foods at 6 to 8 months of age. Among children aged 6 to 23 months, 77.3% had the recommended minimum dietary diversity, 81.3% had the minimum meal frequencies, while 57.7% received the minimum acceptable diet and only 39.4% consumed iron rich foods. Gender was significantly associated with the practice of continued breastfeeding at one year, adequate minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency.Conclusions: The core and optional IYCF indicators were acceptably good in the initial six months of life but thereafter showed suboptimal levels, which should be emphasized among the mothers or primary care givers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mass Media in Using Contraceptives among Married Males-A study from Hatiya VDC of Makawanpur, Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Supendra Karki
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To analyze the association between exposure to mass media and use of contraceptive.Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, 387 married males of Hatiya VDC were randomly selected. This study uses semi-structured questionnaire to acquire information regarding background character of respondents and the exposure of family planning message to mass media.Results: Both print and electronic media were found major reproductive health information dissemination tools. Exposure was positively related to age, education level, income, partner approval and discussed family planning with partner. There was no significant difference in exposure based on number of living children.Conclusion: Findings from this study are consistent with the interpretation that mass media promotion of the family planning message motivated sexual partners to discuss use of the contraceptives, and that discussion exerted a strong influence on their intention to use it. The programmatic implications of these findings are that multiple media channels should continue to be used to promote family planning and other reproductive health issues. Priority should be given to media channels that reach large numbers of the intended audience, but supporting channels (such as print and interpersonal communication) should also be included in the media mix.Key words: Mass media; ContraceptivesDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2928Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.9-11 

scholarly journals Feeding Practices of Children Aged 0-59 Months Accompanying Incarcerated Mothers in Selected Women’s Prisons in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary N. Makau ◽  
Sophie Ochola ◽  
Dorcus Mbithe
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Incarcerated Mothers ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Women's Prisons ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate

Infant and young child feeding practices have substantial consequences for the growth, development, and survival of children. Children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life and thereafter continue to breastfeed for 2 years or longer. Children are vulnerable to malnutrition thus nutrition and health status of the confined children is of interest. The purpose of this study was to establish feeding practices of children 0-59 months incarcerated with their mothers in selected women’s prisons in Kenya. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on an exhaustive sample of 202 children and 193 mothers, drawn from a sample of eight out of the 35 women prisons in Kenya. Data collection tools included: a structured researcher-administered questionnaire for mothers and children. Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 69.4%; continued breastfeeding at 1 and 2 years year (88.5%; 52.2%). The mean Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was 3.52 ± 1.04 foods groups out of 7 groups with 53.3% having attained the minimum DDS and 86.5% of breastfed children having attained the minimum frequency meal consumption. About half of the children (48.6%) attained the minimum acceptable diet. In terms of nutritional status, 21.4% of the children were stunted, 3.8% wasted and 7.5% were underweight. Dietary practices were associated with underweight; not attaining the minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet was associated with underweight (p = 0.012; p = 0.014); Illness 2 weeks prior to the study was correlated with underweight (p=0.012). Feeding practices significantly influenced nutritional status among children accompanying incarcerated mothers in prisons in Kenya.

scholarly journals Core and optional infant and young child feeding indicators in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e023238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to determine the status of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) based on multiple indicators.DesignSecondary data analysis of 32 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in SSA since 2010.SettingThirty-two countries in SSA.Participants151 575 infants and young children born in the preceding 2 years of the surveys.Indicators determinedEight core and six optional IYCF indicators.ResultsMajority (95.8%) of the children born in the preceding 24 months were ever breastfed, and 50.5% initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Among infants 0–5 months of age, 72.3% were predominantly breastfed and 41.0% were exclusively breastfed. Continued breastfeeding at 1 year (89.5%) was reasonably high, but only 53.7% continued breastfeeding at 2 years and 60.4% had age-appropriate breastfeeding. About two-thirds (69.3%) of infants 6–8 months of age received solid, semisolid or soft food over the previous day across the countries. Among children 6–23 months of age, 41.9% met the minimum recommended meal frequency, while smaller proportions satisfied the minimum dietary diversity (21.0%) and acceptable diet (9.8%). About one-third (37.6%) of children 6–23 months of age consumed iron-rich or iron-fortified food over the previous day. Among non-breastfed children, only 15.0% received the recommended two or more milk feedings. Thirteen per cent were fed with a bottle with a nipple in the previous day. Country-level estimates for most indicators showed remarkable variations. Yet the minimum dietary diversity and acceptable diet indicators were consistently low.ConclusionMost breastfeeding-related indicators, except exclusive and early initiation of breastfeeding, are in an acceptable level in SSA. However, complementary feeding indicators are generally low.

scholarly journals Examining the Exposure, Timing, and Frequency of Interpersonal Communication Contacts to Improve Infant and Young Child Feeding in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam (P10-138-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Kim ◽  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Lan Tran ◽  
Silvia Alayon ◽  
Purnima Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Abstract Objectives In the context of large-scale interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, we examined differences in characteristics of those exposed and not exposed to interventions; exposure to interpersonal communication (IPC), including overlap with other interventions and timing and number of contacts; and relationship between frequency of IPC contacts and IYCF practices. Methods We used endline survey data from Bangladesh (2000 mothers with children <2y, 1000 per program group), Ethiopia (1720 mother with children aged 6–23.9 mo, 1360 per group), and Vietnam (2005 mothers with children <2y, 1000 per group). Regression models were used to test differences in exposure to specific or combined interventions between two arms and relationships between the frequency of IPC contacts or exposure to interventions and IYCF practices, adjusted for child age and sex and geographic clustering. Results Those exposed to interventions had higher socioeconomic status, food security, and maternal dietary diversity. There was large overlap in exposure to IPC with other interventions in intensive-intervention areas in all 3 countries. On average, mothers received 8 visits in the last 6 mo, 2 visits in the last 3 mo, and 1 visit in the last 6 mo in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam respectively. In Bangladesh, there was a positive, nonsignificant association between intervention exposure and IYCF practices in intensive areas. In Ethiopia, exposure to IPC with other interventions was associated with higher odds of minimum meal frequency (OR: 1.6), minimum dietary diversity (OR: 1.8), and consumption of iron-rich foods (OR: 4.7). In Vietnam, exposure to IPC alone or with mass media was associated with 3.7 and 2.8 higher odds respectively of exclusive breastfeeding. At least monthly visits was associated with higher odds of IYCF practices in Bangladesh and Ethiopia. In Vietnam, any number of IPC visits was associated with 2 times higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions Effects of combined behavior-change interventions and frequency of IPC contacts may be context-specific. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI 360; and CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), led by the International Food Policy Research Institute.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of interventions on nutrition social behaviour change communication in improving child nutritional status within the first 1000 days: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashidul Alam Mahumud ◽  
Sophiya Uprety ◽  
Nidhi Wali ◽  
Andre M.N. Renzaho ◽  
Stanley Chitekwe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Nutritional Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the robustness of designs and tools used in NSBCC interventions and establish their effectiveness. EBSCOhost as an umbrella database including Medline (Ovid) and CINAHL, EMBASE and ProQUEST databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles from January 1960 to October 2018. Additional sources were searched to identify all relevant studies including grey literature. Studies’ biases were assessed according to Cochrane handbook. Pooled estimate of effectiveness of interventions on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and child nutritional status with 95% confidence intervals were measured using random-effects models. Eighty studies were included in this review: Fifty-one (64%) were cluster randomised trials (RCTs), 13 (16%) were RCTs and 16 (20%) quasi-experimental. Of the included studies, 22 (27%) measured early initiation of breastfeeding, 38 (47%) measured exclusive breastfeeding, 29 (36%) measured minimum dietary diversity, 21 (26%) measured minimum meal frequency, 26 (32%) measured HAZ, 23 (29%) measured WHZ, 27 (34%) measured WAZ, 20 (25%) measured stunting, 14 (17%) measured wasting, and 11 (14%) measured underweight. The overall intervention’s effect was significant for EBF (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.35–2.11, p < 0.001), HAZ (Standardized Mean Differences, SMD = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.17–0.21; p < 0.001), WHZ (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.04; p < 0.001), and WAZ (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06; p < 0.001). Evidence shows the effectiveness of NSBCC in improving EBF and child anthropometric outcomes. Further research should test the impact on child nutritional status with clearly specified and detailed NSBCC interventions.

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of a Comprehensive Nutrition Program for Reducing Stunting in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Rural Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3024-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Christian ◽  
Kristen M Hurley ◽  
John Phuka ◽  
Yunhee Kang ◽  
Julie Ruel-Bergeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

ABSTRACT Background The prevalence of stunting in central rural Malawi is ∼50%, which prompted a multipronged nutrition program in 1 district from 2014 to 2016. The program distributed a daily, fortified, small-quantity lipid-based nutritional supplement, providing 110 kcal and 2.6 g of protein to children aged 6–23 mo, and behavior change messages around optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and water, sanitation, and hygiene. Objectives Our objective was to perform an impact evaluation of the program using a neighboring district as comparison. Methods Using a quasi-experimental study design, with cross-sectional baseline (January–March, 2014; n = 2404) and endline (January–March, 2017; n = 2453) surveys, we evaluated the program's impact using a neighboring district as comparison. Impact on stunting was estimated using propensity score weighted difference-in-differences regression analyses to account for baseline differences between districts. Results No differences in mean length-for-age z-score or prevalence of stunting were found at endline. However, mean weight, weight-for-length z-score, and mid-upper arm circumference were higher at endline by 150 g, 0.22, and 0.19 cm, respectively, in the program compared with the comparison district (all P &lt; 0.05). Weekly reports of high fever and malaria were also lower by 6.4 and 4.7 percentage points, respectively, in the program compared with the comparison district (both P &lt; 0.05). There was no impact on anemia. Children's dietary diversity score improved by 0.17, and caregivers’ infant and young child feeding and hand-washing practices improved by 8–11% in the program compared with the comparison district (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions An impact evaluation of a comprehensive nutrition program in rural Malawi demonstrated benefit for child ponderal growth and health, improved maternal IYCF and hand-washing practices, but a reduction in stunting prevalence was not observed.

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