scholarly journals School-Aged Children in Vancouver, Canada Do Not Meet Dietary Choline Recommendations but Meet Recommendations for Folate and Vitamin B12

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1329-1329
Author(s):  
Alejandra Wiedeman ◽  
Amneet Dhillon ◽  
Sheila Innis ◽  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Angela Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Free Choline ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dietary Choline

Abstract Objectives Nutrients such as choline, betaine, folate, and vitamin B12 are required for proper growth and development, but little is known about these nutrients in children. Our objective was to determine intakes and biomarkers of these nutrients in school-aged children (5 to 6 years old). Methods A cross-sectional study of healthy children (n = 285) recruited from Vancouver, Canada were assessed. Dietary information was collected using three 24-hour recalls. Nutrient intakes were estimated using the Canadian Nutrient File and USDA database for choline; supplement use was collected by questionnaire. Plasma biomarkers were quantified by mass spectrometry and immunoassay. Results Daily dietary intakes were (mean ± SD) choline 250 ± 96 mg, betaine 88 ± 41 mg, folate 335 ± 126 µg DFE, and vitamin B12 3.78 ± 2.71 µg. Top food sources were dairy and eggs (42–57%) for choline and vitamin B12, and cereal and grains (41–60%) for betaine and folate. Only 40% of children met the choline adequate intake (AI) recommendation for North America (≥250 mg/d); 81.5% met the European AI (≥170 mg/d). Plasma free choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations were (mean ± SD) 8.62 ± 2.13 µmol/L, 45.3 ± 13.7 µmol/L, 3.34 ± 1.03 µmol/L, respectively. Dietary choline intake and plasma free choline were not related. However, dietary choline intake was positively associated with plasma dimethylglycine. Less than 5% of children had inadequate folate and vitamin B12 intakes. More than half of the children (59.4%) were consuming a supplement containing B-vitamins, but none included choline or betaine. Some children (5.26%) had total folic acid intakes above the North American upper limit (UL; >400 µg/d); 10.90% had intakes above the European UL (>300 µg/d). Vitamin B12 intake was positively associated with plasma total vitamin B12 (mean ± SD; 594 ± 158 pmol/L) in an adjusted model (sex, age, total energy intake, and supplement use; p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that many school-aged children are not meeting dietary choline recommendations. Some children may have excessive folic acid intakes. The impact of imbalanced methyl nutrient intakes during this active period of growth and development needs to be determined in the future. Funding Sources CIHR, NSERC, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute.

VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID VALUES IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589
Author(s):  
Ambadas Pathak ◽  
Herman A. Godwin ◽  
Luis M. Prudent
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of serum vitamin B12 and folic acid was studied in 24 premature infants. In 14 of the 24, low serum vitamin B12 values were found around 40 days of age. Serum folic acid concentrations were less frequently depressed and were usually associated with normal red cell folate values. No correlation between hematocrits and vitamin B12 or folate levels was found. It is suggested that low concentrations of serum folate and vitamin B12 result from low dietary intake coupled with increased demand by the prematurely born infant.

scholarly journals FOLIC ACID, VITAMIN B12, AND DNA METHYLATION: AN UPDATE.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhongir Aparna Varma ◽  
Srilatha Bashetti ◽  
Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Kumar Sai Sailesh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Methylation Patterns

 Epigenetics is one of the exciting and fastest expanding fields of biology; this is above genetics. Methylation is the process involved in the transfer of methyl group to amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA of all the cells, and tissues of the body. During cell-division low folate availability may result in decreased production of thymidine wherein uracil may be substituted in the place of thymidine in the DNA sequence. It was reported that folate and Vitamin B12 restricted diet resulted in aberrant methylation patterns. The current review was undertaken to explore the role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in DNA methylation.

Effect of supplementation with folic-acid on relation between plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12

The Lancet ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 360 (9327) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Joe McPartlin ◽  
Helene McNulty ◽  
Eoin Quinlivan ◽  
Mary Ward ◽  
John Scott
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Effect of supplementation with folic-acid on relation between plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12

The Lancet ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 360 (9327) ◽  
pp. 171-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAL Ashfield-Watt ◽  
SJ Moat ◽  
RG Newcombe ◽  
IFW McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

scholarly journals Plasma Free Choline Concentration Did Not Reflect Dietary Choline Intake in Early and Late Pregnancy: Findings from the APrON Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1825-1825
Author(s):  
Maria Mujica ◽  
Erin Lewis ◽  
Rene Jacobs ◽  
Nicole Letourneau ◽  
Rhonda Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Free Choline ◽  
Canada Research Chair ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Dietary Choline

Abstract Objectives Choline is a critical nutrient for fetal development. Pregnancy studies showed that most women have choline intakes below the adequate intake (AI) level of 450 mg/d. Research on plasma free choline as an indicator of dietary choline intake showed conflicting results to date. We sought to compare plasma free choline concentration between women with different choline intakes and to explore the association between plasma free choline and dietary choline intake in early (EP) and late pregnancy (LP). Methods This study included data and non-fasting plasma samples from pregnant women enrolled in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort study. EP (<20 weeks of gestation) and LP (>20 weeks of gestation) dietary choline intake was estimated using a 24-hr recall. Two categories of dietary choline intake were created: 1) low choline (LCI), i.e., choline intake in 1st quartile (Q) in EP, with these women having choline intake in 1st or 2nd Q in LP (n = 61); 2) high choline intake (HCI), i.e., choline intake in 4th Q in EP and in 3rd or 4th Q in LP (n = 46). Linear mixed-effects models were used to explore the association between plasma free choline and dietary choline intake across EP and LP, after adjustment for maternal age, ethnicity and weeks of gestation. Results Median (IQR) maternal age was 32 (30–35) y, and 80% were Caucasian. LCI was 101 (86–109) and 109 (93–127) mg/day in EP and LP, respectively, and HCI was 251 (223–286) and 212 (177–274) mg/day. Plasma free choline (μmol/L) did not differ between LCI and HCI at EP [LCI: 10.6 (9.03, 12.9); HCI: 11.7 (10.2, 13.8)] and LP [LCI: 11.7 (10.6, 12.7); HCI: 12.7 (10.7, 15.8)] (P > 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Per 10 mg of choline intake, plasma free choline increased by 0.34 (95%CI 0.12, 0.56) in those with LCI, and 0.18 (95%CI 0.050, 0.31) in women with HCI, across EP and LP after adjustment. Conclusions In this subgroup of pregnant women, plasma free choline concentration did not reflect differences in dietary choline intake in EP or LP. This may be explained by an overall low choline intake (<AI) which would promote rapid tissue uptake of choline. The identification of a sensitive and dynamic biomarker for choline status is required. Funding Sources UBC Four Year Doctoral Fellowship, Canada Research Chair Program, CIHR NTE Grant FRN 160,942, Alberta Innovates for the APrON cohort.

scholarly journals The role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in the diets of older Irish adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Fortified Food

AbstractLow intakes and suboptimal status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, folate and calcium have been reported in older adults across Europe. Dietary strategies to improve micronutrient intakes and status could include food fortification (mandatory or voluntary) and/or the use of nutritional supplements. This study aims to examine the impact of fortified food consumption and nutritional supplement use on nutrient intakes and nutritional status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and calcium in older Irish adults.Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010). A 4 day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data (including nutritional supplement use) from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (226 older adults (≥ 65y)). Blood samples (n 1126 (n 145 ≥ 65y)) were collected, processed and analysed using standard operating procedures. Nutrient intakes were estimated using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition data. Fortified foods were identified as those that had one or more micronutrients added in the ingredient list and a nutritional supplement was defined as a supplement containing vitamins and/or minerals (i.e. excludes herbal/non-nutritional supplements). A fortified food consumer or nutritional supplement user was defined as a participant who consumed a fortified food or took a nutritional supplement at any time over the 4-day recording period. Usual intakes of micronutrients were calculated via the NCI-method using SAS© Enterprise Guide and analyses of biomarker data were carried out using SPSS©.The consumption of fortified foods and/or use of nutritional supplements increased mean intakes of vitamin D (3.6 to 6.9μg/d), riboflavin (1.6 to 2.3mg/d), vitamin B12 (4.5 to 6.0μg/d), DFE (228 to 408μg/d) and calcium (784 to 947mg/d) in older Irish adults and reduced the prevalence of inadequate intakes of these micronutrients by up to 40%. Furthermore, consumers of fortified foods and/or nutritional supplements had improved biomarker status and reduced prevalence of low/deficient status for vitamin D (62 vs 16%), riboflavin (65 vs 11%), vitamin B12 (8 vs 0%) and folate (serum folate:18 vs 0%; red blood cell folate: 0% across all groups) when compared to non-consumers.This study has shown that fortified foods and/or nutritional supplements represent an opportunity to improve intakes and status of key micronutrients in older adults. The data presented in this study will serve to inform the development and implementation of updated dietary recommendations for older adults in Ireland.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance and endothelial function are improved after folate and vitamin B12 therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome: relationship between homocysteine levels and hyperinsulinemia

2004 ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Setola ◽  
LD Monti ◽  
E Galluccio ◽  
A Palloshi ◽  
G Fragasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was (a) to study whether a folate and vitamin B12 treatment, aimed at decreasing homocysteine levels, might ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria and (b) to evaluate whether, under these metabolic conditions, there is a relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and insulin resistance. DESIGN AND METHODS: A double-blind, parallel, identical placebo-drug, randomized study was performed for 2 months in 50 patients. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. In group 1, patients were treated with diet plus placebo for 2 months. In group 2, patients were treated with diet plus placebo for 1 month, followed by diet plus folic acid (5 mg/day) plus vitamin B12 (500 microg/day) for another month. RESULTS: In group 2, folate treatment significantly decreased homocysteine levels by 27.8% (12.2+/-1.2 vs 8.8+/-0.7 micromol/l; P<0.01). A significant decrement was observed for insulin levels (19.9+/-1.7 vs 14.8+/-1.6 microU/ml; P<0.01) accompanied by a 27% reduction in the homeostasis model assessment levels. A positive relationship was found between the decrement of homocysteine and insulin levels (r=0.60; P<0.002). In parallel, endothelial dysfunction significantly improved in the treated group, since post-ischemic maximal hyperemic vasodilation increased by 29.8% and cGMP by 13.6% while asymmetrical dimethylarginine levels decreased by 21.7%. On the contrary, in group 1 patients, treated with placebo, no changes were shown in any of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: Folate and vitamin B12 treatment improved insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, along with decreasing homocysteine levels, in patients with metabolic syndrome, suggesting that folic acid has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

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