Freeze-dried Whole Grapes Lower Serum Triglycerides in Postmenopausal Women (OR22-04-19)

Abstract Objectives After the onset of menopause, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases drastically due to ovarian hormone deficiency. Grapes are high in polyphenolic compounds that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study examined the effects of freeze-dried whole grape powder (GP) in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 postmenopausal women (1 to 5 years past menopause), not on hormone therapy, were randomly assigned to consume either 46 g of GP or grape placebo powder for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometrics, blood pressure, physical activity, and dietary data were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of the intervention. A mixed-effects model (PROC MIXED) was used to examine the effects of time, group, and the interaction between time and group. Paired t-tests were performed to compare changes from baseline within the group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Thirty-two women successfully completed the study. There was a significant time x group interaction effect observed for serum triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.05) and a borderline significant time x group interaction effect observed for serum total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.06). In addition, a significant main effect of group was found in fasting glucose (P < 0.05), but without significant impacts of time and time x group interaction. Within-group analysis showed that the serum levels of TG significantly decreased by 26% (P < 0.05), while the serum levels of TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol numerically decreased by 8% and 11%, respectively after 12 weeks of GP consumption compared with corresponding baseline values. Neither GP nor placebo powder significantly altered body weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, insulin or homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance. Conclusions Our findings show that daily consumption of grapes lowers serum levels of TG in postmenopausal women. Larger follow-up studies are needed to ensure the validity of these findings. Funding Sources This research was funded by the California Table Grape Commission. Funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis or interpretation, or writing of the abstract.

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Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v16i2.1570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 175-177

Author(s):

Gita Khakurel ◽

Rajat Kayastha ◽

Sanat Chalise ◽

Prabin K Karki

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease in post menopausal women.Our study compared the serum lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma between premenopausal and post menopausal women.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College. A total number of 194 women in the age group 30 to 60 years were studied. They include 108 postmenopausal women and 86 premenopausal controls. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. Results: The mean value of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. There was increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women but the difference was not significant. The atherogenic index of plasma was increased in postmenopausal women (0.22 ± 0.25 mmol/l). This shows that postmenopausal women in our setting are at medium risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Atherogenic index of plasma was positively and significantly correlated with age (r= 0.29, p<0.05), body mass index (r=0.24, p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=0.20, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.45, p<0.05).Conclusions: Postmenopausal women were at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease when compared to premenopausal women due to increase in atherogenic lipid profile. There was a significant correlation of atherogenic index of plasma with age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Keywords: Keywords: Atherogenic index of plasma; lipid profile; menopause.

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Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 175-177

Author(s):

Gita Khakurel ◽

Rajat Kayastha ◽

Sanat Chalise ◽

Prabin K Karki

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽

Post Menopausal

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Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia» ◽

10.25557/0031-2991.2018.03.37-43 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

В.В. Шерстнев ◽

М.А. Грудень ◽

В.П. Карлина ◽

В.М. Рыжов ◽

А.В. Кузнецова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

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The association of nadir CD4-T cell count and endothelial dysfunction in a healthy HIV cohort without major cardiovascular risk factors

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120924892 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212092489

Author(s):

Emad Mogadam ◽

Kevin King ◽

Kimberly Shriner ◽

Karen Chu ◽

Anders Sondergaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Reactivity Index ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objectives: HIV-infected population may have increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals has made it difficult to assess the direct effects of HIV and immune factors on endothelial dysfunction and associated increased risk of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate indicators of endothelial dysfunction in an HIV cohort without hypertension and diabetes. Methods: We studied 19 HIV-infected patients between the ages of 25–76 years old with effectively suppressed viral load and without diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes. Endothelial function was measured by digital thermal monitoring of vascular reactivity using the VENDYS technique. Endothelial function was reported as vascular reactivity index. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at the time of VENDYS test were measured and latest lipid panels were recorded. The association between vascular reactivity index and CD4-T cells count, different antiretroviral therapy types (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, nucleoside reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors), vitamins use, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was investigated. Results: Mean vascular reactivity index was 1.87 ± 0.53. Vascular reactivity index, marker of endothelial dysfunction, showed a significant correlation with lower nadir CD4 count (p = 0.003) as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.02). No additional significant correlation between vascular reactivity index and the rest of the investigated variables was found. Conclusion: Vascular reactivity index, a clinical predictor of endothelial dysfunction, is associated with lower nadir CD4-T cell and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HIV-infected men with no history of hypertension or diabetes and before clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease.

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Assessment of Plasma Lipid Profile among Sudanese Menopausal Women in Khartoum state-Sudan

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1836 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

pp. 2037-2041

Author(s):

Alneil Hamza ◽

Moadah Abbas ◽

Elyasa Elfaki ◽

Mariam Ibrahim ◽

Ezeldine K Abdalhabib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Time Duration ◽

Study Results

Postmenopausal women tend to have significant changes in lipid profile when compared with premenopausal women. Incidence of cardiovascular disease after menopause believed to occur due to changes in the plasma lipid levels. This study was conducted to estimate and compare serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) among Sudanese pre and postmenopausal women. 94 participant women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. 47 post-menopause women age 48 - 70 years and 47 pre-menopause women age 25-47 years. Estimation of serum lipid profile was carried out using Biosystems colorimetric methods and results statistics were computed by using SPSS. A significant increase in total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride, and LDL-c with a significant decrease in (HDL-c) level among postmenopausal women where found, when compared with pre-menopause women (P-value= <0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-C level were observed significantly increased according to three interval time duration of menopausal onset (p=0.009 and p=0.034). A positive correlation was observed between the age of and total cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women (R=0.463, P-value =0.001). Study results revealed that postmenopausal status was associated with substantial changes in lipid profile that considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Sudanese women.

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Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.5812/asjsm.106589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon Stuwart Shaw ◽

Stacey Turner ◽

Ina Shaw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exemplifies a major medical problem as it is the most considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. While sport conditioning specialists understand and differentiate the different benefits of resistance training (RT) subtypes on athletic performance, this distinction is less clear for health professionals when designing CVD risk reduction programs. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate and compare the effects of hypertrophy and muscular endurance RT on CVD risk in sedentary males. Methods: Sedentary male smokers were randomly assigned to either an eight-week hypertrophy RT group (HTG) (n = 15), muscular endurance RT groups (METG) (n = 15), or a non-exercising control group (CON) (n = 15) to assess their impact on smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) variables associated with the four most prominent CVD risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using a paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were found in three of the 15 measured variables in the HTG (resting mean arterial pressure (RMAP) (P = 0.024); total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio (P = 0.009), and HDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P = 0.038), with a deleterious decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.027). In turn, significant improvements were found in the METG in 10 of the 15 measured variables, namely; cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.037), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (P = 0.002), resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (P = 0.006), RMAP (P = 0.000), TC (P = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.010), LDL-C (P = 0.007), HDL-C: LDL-C (P = 0.018), non-HDL-C (n-HDL-C) (P = 0.010), and VO2max (P = 0.001), and a deleterious decrease in HDL-C (P = 0.026). Conclusions: While the oversimplification of RT design for CVD reduction has resulted in cardio-centric CVD training programs, this study demonstrates that some subtypes of RT (i.e. muscular endurance training) may prove more useful than others in reducing multiple CVD risk factors simultaneously.

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Association of Fitness and Fatness with Clustered Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Nigerian Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5861

Author(s):

Danladi I. Musa ◽

Abel L. Toriola ◽

Daniel T. Goon ◽

Sunday U. Jonathan

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Standardized Residuals

Purpose: This study examinedthe independent and joint association of fitness and fatness with clustered cardiovascular disease risk (CVDrs) in 11–18 year-old Nigerian adolescents. Methods: A hundred and ninety seven adolescents (100 girls and 97 boys) were evaluated forfitness, fatness and CVDrs. Fitness was evaluated with the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run test while fatness was assessed using body mass index. A clustered CVDrs was computed from the standardized residuals of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Regression models controlling for waist circumference assessed the association of fitness and fatness with CVDrs. Results: Prevalence of clustered CVD risk was 7.1% (girls = 3.0%; boys = 4.1%). Based on risk factor abnormalities, 52.8% of participants had one or more CVD risk factor abnormalities with more boys (27.4%) affected. Low fitness was associated with clustered CVDrs in both girls (R2 = 9.8%, β = −0.287, p = 0.05) and boys (R2 = 17%, β = −0.406, p < 0.0005). Fatness was not associated with the CVDrs in both sexes. After controlling for all the variables in the model, only fitness (R2 = 10.4%) and abdominal fat (R2 = 19.5%) were associated with CVDrs respectively. Unfit girls were 3.2 (95% CI = 1.31–7.91, p = 0.011) times likely to develop CVD risk abnormality compared to their fit counterparts. The likelihood of unfit boys developing CVD risk abnormality was 3.9 (95% CI = 1.15–10.08, p = 0.005) times compared to their fit peers. Conclusions: Fitness but not fatness was a better predictor of CVDrs in Nigerian boys and girls. The result of this study suggests that any public health strategies aimed at preventing or reversing the increasing trends of CVD risk in adolescents should emphasize promotion of aerobic fitness.

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Changes in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Monozygotic Twins: The Healthy Twin Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2014.90 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yun-Mi Song ◽

Kayoung Lee ◽

Joohon Sung

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Environmental Correlations

We aimed to assess the non-genetic contribution to the associations between the change in weight and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This analysis included 194 Korean monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (116 men, 272 women; mean age, 38.5 ± 6.8 years) who were first examined for weight and CVD risk factors (blood pressure (BP), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)) between December 2005 and December 2008, and returned for a repeat examination after 2.7 ± 0.9 years. The within-pair correlations were 0.21 for the change in weight and 0.05-0.42 for the changes in CVD risk factors. Bivariate analyses showed significant environmental correlations shared between the change in weight and the changes in CVD risk factors (p < .05), except for glucose, while there were no significant genetic effects shared between the phenotypes. After adjusting for baseline values of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, and LDL significantly increased by 1.6 mmHg, 0.09 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, per 1 kg increase in within-pair differences in weight change. In Korean MZ twins, similarity between twins for changes in weight and CVD risk factors were small to moderate, and non-genetic factors were responsible for the associations between the change in weight and changes in DBP, TG, TC, and LDL.

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Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis: Is Oxidative Stress a Common Link?

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034509337479 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 503-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

P. Bullon ◽

J.M. Morillo ◽

M.C. Ramirez-Tortosa ◽

J.L. Quiles ◽

H.N. Newman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

The Relationship

A review of pathological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is necessary to improve the management of both conditions. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. All these have been examined in recent years in terms of their relationship to periodontitis. Reviewed data indicate an association between some of them (body mass index, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides, high blood pressure, among others) and periodontitis. Oxidative stress may act as a potential common link to explain relationships between each component of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis. Both conditions show increased serum levels of products derived from oxidative damage, with a pro-inflammatory state likely influencing each other bidirectionally. Adipocytokines might modulate the oxidant/anti-oxidant balance in this relationship.

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Progression of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease risk in individuals: insights from the PROG-IMT consortium

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319877078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 234-243

Author(s):

Martin Bahls ◽

Matthias W Lorenz ◽

Marcus Dörr ◽

Lu Gao ◽

Kazuo Kitagawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Aims Averaged measurements, but not the progression based on multiple assessments of carotid intima-media thickness, (cIMT) are predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals. Whether this is true for conventional risk factors is unclear. Methods and results An individual participant meta-analysis was used to associate the annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with future cardiovascular disease risk in 13 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration ( n = 34,072). Follow-up data included information on a combined cardiovascular disease endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death. In secondary analyses, annualised progression was replaced with average. Log hazard ratios per standard deviation difference were pooled across studies by a random effects meta-analysis. In primary analysis, the annualised progression of total cholesterol was marginally related to a higher cardiovascular disease risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.07). The annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with future cardiovascular disease risk. In secondary analysis, average systolic blood pressure (HR 1.20 95% CI 1.11 to 1.29) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) were related to a greater, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) was related to a lower risk of future cardiovascular disease events. Conclusion Averaged measurements of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol displayed significant linear relationships with the risk of future cardiovascular disease events. However, there was no clear association between the annualised progression of these conventional risk factors in individuals with the risk of future clinical endpoints.

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