scholarly journals Is a Hypertension Diagnosis Associated with Improved Dietary Outcomes Within 2 to 4 Years? A Fixed-effects Analysis from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (P10-063-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Aburto ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
Jennifer Poti ◽  
Annie Howard ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hypertension Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension

Abstract Objectives To estimate the longitudinal association between self-reported doctor diagnosis of hypertension and subsequent short-term changes (within 2–4 years) in sodium intake, potassium intake and sodium-potassium (Na/K) ratio. Methods We used data from nine waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991 to 2015) including 16,268 adults (18–75 years of age) without hypertension at their first entry wave. Diet data were collected using three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and a weighed household food inventory. Diagnosed hypertension was defined as self-reported doctor diagnosis of hypertension. We used fixed-effects models to estimate the association between the first occurrence of a hypertension diagnosis and subsequent within-individual changes in sodium intake, potassium intake and Na/K ratio. To further understand the observed heterogeneity by sex, we examined changes in diet outcomes in pairs of spouses, and changes at the household level. Results Model-based results suggest that on average, men who were diagnosed with hypertension decreased their sodium intake by 260 mg/d and their Na/K ratio by 0.21 within two to four years after diagnosis (P < 0.01). Among spouse pairs, sodium intake and Na/K ratio of women decreased when their husbands were diagnosed with hypertension (P < 0.05). At the household level, sodium density and Na/K ratio decreased (-8.5 mg/100 kcal and -0.19) after a man was diagnosed (P < 0.05). In contrast, when women were diagnosed, sodium, potassium and Na/K ratio changes associated with hypertension diagnosis were not statistically significant. Conclusions Our study suggests that when men were diagnosed with hypertension, dietary sodium intake and Na/K ratio improved for them, as well as their wife and other household members. However, when women were diagnosed, none of the changes were statistically significant. There is a need to address the gender bias, along with efforts to increase hypertension diagnosis in China. Funding Sources The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and CONACyT.

scholarly journals Association between Parent and Child Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes: Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey, 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Koyama ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Aomori Prefectural ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This study investigated the association between parent and child sodium and potassium intakes using data from the 2016 Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey. We analyzed one day dietary record data of 103 mothers, 94 fathers, 51 children aged 1–3 years, 39 children aged 4–6 years, 91 children aged 7–14 years, and 56 children aged 15–19 years. We also examined the association of sodium and potassium intake between co-habiting grandparents and their grandchildren. After adjusting for covariates, the total daily sodium intake in mothers was positively associated with that in children for every age group. Potassium intakes by the mothers during breakfast and dinner were positively associated with those in children aged 1–3, 4–6, and 7–14 years. The associations in sodium and potassium intakes between fathers and children were weaker. In addition, these associations were similar to those between the sodium intakes of grandchildren and their grandparents. The association between mother and child sodium and potassium intakes at breakfast and dinner was related to the consumption of similar foods, which suggests the importance of home environment in influencing total dietary sodium and potassium intake in Japanese people.

Dietary Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium to Potassium Ratio in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2022 ◽  
pp. 109980042110654
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Sara DelOlmo-Romero ◽  
Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ◽  
José-Luis Callejas-Rubio ◽  
Raquel Ríos-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Complement C4 ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium:potassium ratio and clinical disease activity parameters, damage accrual, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Research design and study sample: A cross-sectional study including a total of 280 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.9 ± 12.85 years). Data collection: The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate dietary intake of sodium and potassium. Results: Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA ( β  =  −.005; 95% CI [.002 .008]; p = .001) and complement C4 level ( β  =  −.002; 95% CI [−.003, .000]; p = .039). Dietary potassium intake was also significantly associated with complement C3 level ( β  =  −.004; 95% CI [−.007, −.001]; p = .021). Multiple logistic regression models revealed a positive association between dietary sodium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .005) and an inverse association between dietary potassium intake and the risk of having hsCRP > 3 ( p = .004). Conclusions: SLE patients with higher dietary sodium and lower dietary potassium intakes had an increased risk of higher hsCRP. Dietary sodium intake was significantly associated with anti-dsDNA and complement C4 level, while dietary potassium intake was associated with complement C3 level, supporting that dietary sodium and potassium intakes might play a key role in markers related to disease activity in SLE patients.

scholarly journals Dietary Potassium Intake Remains Low and Sodium Intake Remains High, and Most Sodium is Derived from Home Food Preparation for Chinese Adults, 1991–2015 Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufa Du ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Western World ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Most At Risk Populations

ABSTRACT Background Intervention strategies to reduce sodium intake and increase potassium intake may decrease blood pressure; however, most are focused on reducing sodium in processed food globally. Objectives We attempt to fill important gaps in understanding the dynamics of these dietary determinants of hypertension in China. Methods We used data on 29,926 adults aged ≥20 y between 1991 and 2015 from an ongoing cohort, the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We collected detailed diet data with use of weighing methods with 3 consecutive 24-h recalls. With panel data random-effects models, we analyzed factors associated with sodium and potassium intakes and sodium to potassium (Na/K) ratios. Results Sodium intake decreased from 6.3 g/d in 1991 to 4.1 g/d in 2015, still twice the tolerable upper intake recommended by the WHO. Potassium intake was 1.7 g/d in 1991 and 1.5 g/d in 2015, below half that recommended by the WHO. The Na/K ratio decreased from 4.1 (ratios in g) in 1991 to 3.1 in 2015, 5 times the recommendation of the WHO. More than two-thirds (67%) of sodium intake was from salt added during food preparation, with 8.8% from processed foods in 2015, up from 5.0% in 1991. The most at-risk populations lived in China's central region and rural areas, were middle aged, had lower educations, or were farmers. Conclusions Sodium intake is very high across all regions in China. As part of sodium reduction efforts, China should target people living in the central region and adults aged above 60 whose sodium intakes are much higher. Strategies to decrease sodium intake and increase potassium intake should be different from those applied in the Western world where the major source is processed food. Reduced sodium higher potassium salts should become a major policy initiative in China.

scholarly journals Asupan kalium-natrium dan status obesitas sebagai faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi pasien rawat jalan di RS Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Effatul Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
T Test ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Potassium Intake

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em><strong>Background</strong>: Hypertension is one of the problems in the medical and public health area. Based on National Health Research Association in 2013, hypertension is the third leading cause of death of all ages patterns, after stroke and TB, with the proportion of deaths was 6.8%. The prevalence of hypertension in DIY was 25.7%. The risk factors of diet containing high fat, high sodium, and low potassium to elevate blood pressure.</em></p><p><em><strong>Objectives</strong>: To know the effect of the intake of sodium-potassium and the status of obesity as a risk factor for hypertension.</em></p><p><em><strong>Methods</strong>: This study used analytic observational study design with control-case design. Samples were 104 and divided into 52 cases and 52 controls. Data were collected using a questionnaire include: name, age, gender, address, education level, the type of work, and form of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to inquire patterns of food intake (intake of sodium-potassium) for 3 months with food models. Obesity status was measured using body mass index (BMI), and merqurial sphygmomanometer hypertension was</em><br /><em>used to measure blood pressure. Analysis of data used statistical test independent t-test, chi-square.</em></p><p><em><strong>Results</strong>: No significant correlation between age and the incidence of hypertension (OR=2.448), neither did sodium intake with hypertension, potassium intake with hypertension, and nutritional status (obesity) associated with the incidence of hypertension.</em></p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Age was the risk factor for hypertension, while the intake of sodium-potassium and status of obesity were not.</em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>:<em> hypertension, sodium intake, potassium intake, obesity</em></p><p><br /><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em><strong>Latar belakang</strong>: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah dalam dunia medis dan kesehatan masyarakat. Dalam riset kesehatan dasar nasional tahun 2013, hipertensi merupakan penyebab kematian semua umur yang ketiga, setelah stroke dan tuberculosis (TB), dengan proporsi kematian sebesar 6,8%. Prevalensi hipertensi untuk wilayah DIY 25,7% termasuk angka yang tinggi. Faktor risiko pola makan yang mengandung tinggi lemak, tinggi natrium dan rendah kalium memiliki kontribusi terhadap peningkatan</em><br /><em>tekanan darah.</em></p><p><em><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh asupan natrium, kalium, dan status obesitas sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi.</em></p><p><em><strong>Metode</strong>: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi observasional analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol dengan jumlah total sampel 104 yang terbagi dalam 52 kasus dan 52 kontrol. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner meliputi: nama, umur, jenis kelamin, alamat, tingkat pendidikan, dan jenis pekerjaan dan formulir food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) untuk menanyakan pola asupan makanan (asupan natrium, kalium) selama 3 bulan menggunakan food model. Status obesitas diukur dengan menggunakan indek massa tubuh (IMT) dan hipertensi diukur menggunakan merqurial sphygmomanometer. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik independent t-test, chi-square.</em></p><p><em><strong>Hasil</strong>: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan kejadian hipertensi (OR=2,448). Asupan natrium tidak berhubungan signifi kan dengan hipertensi. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan kalium dengan hipertensi dan status gizi (obesitas) tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian hipertensi.</em></p><p><em><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Usia merupakan faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi, sedangkan asupan natrium, kalium, dan status obesitas bukan merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi.</em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><em>: hipertensi, asupan natrium, asupan kalium, obesitas</em></p>

scholarly journals Dietary sodium, potassium, and blood pressure in normotensive pregnant women: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Abbi D. Lane-Cordova ◽  
Lara R. Schneider ◽  
William C. Tucker ◽  
James W. Cook ◽  
Sara Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normotensive Pregnancy

Dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio are linearly associated with blood pressure in nonpregnant adults. Earlier investigations suggested null or inverse associations of blood pressure and sodium during normotensive pregnancy; findings have not been confirmed in race/ethnically diverse women or while accounting for potassium. Our purpose was to evaluate associations of blood pressure with sodium and potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio in race/ethnically diverse normotensive pregnant women. We used cross-sectional blood pressure and dietary data from 984 women in multiple cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (mean age = 27.6 ± 0.2 years). We tested for differences in blood pressure across quartiles of sodium intake using Kruskal–Wallis tests and linear regression to evaluate associations of sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures. We adjusted for potential confounding variables: age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, body mass index, smoking, and month of pregnancy. SBP and DBP were similar across quartiles of sodium intake: quartile 1 (lowest sodium intake): 107/59; quartile 2: 106/59; quartile 3: 108/60; quartile 4 (highest sodium intake): 108/58 mm Hg, p > 0.60 for all. Sodium (β = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.20 to 0.52) and potassium (β = 0.18, 95% CI: –0.24 to 0.60) and the sodium-to-potassium ratio (β = –0.54, 95% CI: –1.55 to 0.47) were not associated with SBP or DBP. Results were similar in stratified analyses. Novelty Blood pressure was similar among quartiles of sodium or potassium intake, even in analyses stratified by race/ethnicity and trimester of pregnancy. There was no association of sodium or potassium with blood pressure. Blood pressure may be insensitive to dietary sodium and potassium during normotensive pregnancy.

scholarly journals Estimation of salt intake, potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio by 24-hour urinary excretion: an urban rural study in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jayatissa ◽  
Y Yamori ◽  
AH De Silva ◽  
M Mori ◽  
PC De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Salt Consumption

AbstractBackgroundSodium intakes of different populations around the world became of interest after a positive correlation was drawn between dietary sodium intake and prevalence of hypertension. Sri Lanka has adopted a salt reduction strategy to combat high blood pressure in the population with escalation of non-communicable diseases.ObjectiveTo measure intake of salt, potassium and sodium/potassium ratio of adults in urban and rural settings.DesignA community based study of 328 adults between 30-59 years, including equal numbers from urban and rural sectors. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Blood pressure was measured by a standardized automated measurement system and the mean of two readings was used for analysis. 24-hour urine was collected and measured for creatinine, sodium, potassium levels.ResultsMean daily salt consumption was 8.3g (95%CI:7.9,8.8), which is 1.6 times higher than WHO recommendation. Mean daily potassium intake was 1,265g (95%CI:1191.0,1339.3), which is 2.8 times lower and sodium/potassium ratio was 4.3 (95%CI:4.2,4.5), which is 7 times higher than WHO recommendation. Daily salt consumption was significantly higher in males (9.0g;95%CI:8.3,9.8) than females (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.2); rural (8.9g;95%CI:8.2-9.6,) than urban (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.3) with increasing body mass index (8.2g;95%CI:6.1,10.2 to 10.0g;95%CI:8.5,11.6). Systolic blood pressure was significantly positively correlated with high BMI and waist circumference.ConclusionsHigh salt consumption, low potassium intake and high sodium/potassium ratio was found in this population. This information can be used to set targets to reduce salt intake in the population. Need to create awareness to enhance the consumption of potassium rich food while reducing salt intake to minimize future NCD burden.

scholarly journals Identifying Interactions between Dietary Sodium, Potassium, Sodium–Potassium Ratios, and FGF5 rs16998073 Variants and Their Associated Risk for Hypertension in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Hyeyun Jeong ◽  
Hyun-Seok Jin ◽  
Sung-Soo Kim ◽  
Dayeon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Hypertension is affected by both genetic and dietary factors. This study aimed to examine the interaction between dietary sodium/potassium intake, sodium–potassium ratios, and FGF5 rs16998073 and link these with increased risk for developing hypertension. Using data from the Health Examinee (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), we were able to identify a total of 17,736 middle-aged Korean adults who could be included in our genome-wide association study (GWAS) to confirm any associations between hypertension and the FGF5 rs16998073 variant. GWAS analysis revealed that the FGF5 rs16698073 variant demonstrated the strongest association with hypertension in this population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and sodium–potassium ratios and the FGF5 rs16998073 genotypes (AA, AT, TT) and any increased risk of hypertension. Carriers with at least one minor T allele for FGF5 rs16998073 were shown to be at significantly higher risk for developing hypertension. Male TT carriers with a daily sodium intake ≥2000 mg also demonstrated an increased risk for developing hypertension compared to the male AA carriers with daily sodium intake <2000 mg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.84–3.15, p-interaction < 0.0001). Female AA carriers with a daily potassium intake ≥3500 mg showed a reduced risk for hypertension when compared to female AA carriers with a daily potassium intake <3500 mg (AOR = 0.75. 95% CIs = 0.58–0.95, p-interaction < 0.0001). Male TT carriers in the mid-tertile for sodium–potassium ratio values showed the highest odds ratio for hypertension when compared to male AA carriers in the lowest-tertile for sodium–potassium ratio values (AOR = 3.03, 95% CIs = 2.14–4.29, p-interaction < 0.0001). This study confirmed that FGF5 rs16998073 variants do place their carriers (men and women) at increased risk for developing hypertension. In addition, we showed that high daily intake of sodium exerted a synergistic effect for hypertension when combined with FGF5 rs16998073 variants in both genders and that dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium–potassium ratios all interact with FGF5 rs16998073 and alter the risk of developing hypertension in carriers of either gender among Koreans.

The Double-Burden Effect: Does the Combination of Informal Care and Work Cause Adverse Health Outcomes Among Females in China?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chen ◽  
Hongli Fan ◽  
Lanlan Chu
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Health Decline ◽  
Channel Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study investigates the impact of informal care and work stress on women’s health and further disentangles this effect through intensity and channel analysis. Method: This research uses the 2000–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and employs the propensity score matching model with fixed effects. Results: The care and work burden significantly increases the probability of women suffering from chronic diseases, being underweight or overweight, and self-reporting poor health by 0.63%, 1.69%, and 2.35%, respectively. This double-burden effect is exacerbated as the care and work hours increase. Women who care for more than 20 hr and work for more than 50 hr per week experience the most serious health decline. We further find that the double burden leads to health deterioration through channels of reduced exercise and increased psychological stress. Discussion: This study provides a reliable decision-making basis for policy makers to formulate strategies for informal caregivers in China.

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