scholarly journals Concentration of Cholesterol in Human Milk and Associated Factors in Different Chinese Populations (P11-044-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhenyu ◽  
Rulan Jiang ◽  
Wang Jie ◽  
Duan Yifan ◽  
Pang Pang Xuehong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration

Abstract Objectives The objectives of the present study were to analyze the cholesterol concentration and explore factors associated with milk cholesterol concentrations in various Chinese populations. Methods This was a part of a large cross-sectional study conducted in 11 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Beijing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Zhejiang) across China between 2011 and 2013. Lactating women (n = 6481) within 0–330 days postpartum were recruited in the original study. A sub-sample of 1138 women was randomly selected, and milk cholesterol concentrations were determined by HPLC. Results Mean cholesterol concentration was 200 mg/L, 171 mg/L, and 126 mg/L for colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk, respectively. Cholesterol concentrations differed significantly between stages of lactation (colostrum vs transitional milk, colostrum vs mature milk, transitional milk vs mature milk, all P < 0.001). Maternal dietary egg and flesh food intake, geographic area and serum cholesterol concentration were not associated with milk cholesterol concentration. However, milk cholesterol concentrations vary among different ethnicities (Tibetan vs Hui: 164 mg/L vs 131 mg/L, P = 0.027) in China. Conclusions The concentration of cholesterol in milk changes dynamically throughout lactation. Maternal dietary egg and flesh food intake or serum cholesterol are not associated with milk cholesterol concentration, but milk cholesterol concentrations vary across ethnicities in China. Funding Sources This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program).

scholarly journals Concentration of Lactoferrin in Human Milk and Its Variation during Lactation in Different Chinese Populations

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Rulan Jiang ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yifan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background: Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein and one of the most abundant proteins in human milk. Various factors may affect its concentration in human milk, such as stage of lactation, ethnicity, and diet. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to examine the dynamic change in milk Lf throughout the course of lactation and explore factors associated with milk Lf concentrations in various Chinese populations. Methods: This investigation was a part of a large cross-sectional study conducted in 11 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Beijing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang) across China between 2011 and 2013. Lactating women (n = 6481) within 0–330 days postpartum were recruited in the original study. A sub-sample of 824 women was randomly selected, and milk Lf concentrations were determined by UPLC/MS. Results: The Lf concentration in milk from women delivering at term was 3.16 g/L, 1.73 g/L and 0.90 g/L for colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk, respectively. Lf concentrations differed significantly between stages of lactation (colostrum vs. transitional milk, colostrum vs. mature milk, transitional milk vs. mature milk, all p < 0.001). Maternal BMI, age, mode of delivery, parturition, protein intake, and serum albumin concentration were not correlated with milk Lf concentration. However, milk Lf concentrations varied among different geographical regions (Guangdong (1.91 g/L) vs. Heilongjiang (1.44 g/L), p = 0.037; Guangdong (1.91 g/L) vs. Gansu (1.43 g/L), p = 0.041) and ethnicities (Dai (1.80 g/L) vs. Tibetan (0.99 g/L), p = 0.007; Han (1.62 g/L) vs. Tibetan (0.99 g/L), p = 0.002) in China. Conclusions: The concentration of Lf in human milk changes dynamically throughout lactation. Few maternal characteristics affect the milk Lf concentration, but it varies across different geographical regions and ethnicities in China.

Association between Food Intake and Overweight in Children Assisted by Primary Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Erivelton Sousa Lima ◽  
Amanda de Castro Amorim Serpa Brandão ◽  
Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior ◽  
Luana kelle Batista Moura ◽  
Gerardo Vasconcelos Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The child feed in the first two years of life is of fundamental importance for a healthy growth and development. Aims: To verify the association between food consumption indicators and overweight in children under the age of two, followed up by primary care health professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 children assisted by primary care. A structured questionnaire was used with questions on sociodemographic data of mothers or guardians and food intake and anthropometric data of children. The analysis of the association between excess weight and food intake indicators was performed using the Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test (f ˂ 5). Results: Regarding food intake in children under 6 months of age, 35.1% of the children were exclusively breastfed. Among children at the age of 6 to 23 months: 66.3% were on continued breastfeeding; 16.7% consumed adequate foods at the age of 6 to 8 months; 90.4% consumed foods that belonged to the six food groups; 76.3% consumed food at the minimum frequency and with adequate consistency; 88.9% consumed iron-rich and vitamin A-rich foods, and 59.3% consumed ultra-processed foods. Regarding nutritional status, 24.5% of the children were overweight. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between overweight and food consumption indicators among the surveyed children. However, exclusive breastfeeding was below the recommended level, a low percentage of the introduction of complementary foods at the appropriate age and high consumption of ultra-processed foods reveal the need to improve the assistance provided by primary care to this group.

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