scholarly journals Health Implications of Migration: Cross-Classified Multilevel Models to Disentangle Country of Origin and State of Resettlement Effects of Bodyweight (P04-106-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jones ◽  
Regine Haardoerfer ◽  
Fernando Riosmena ◽  
Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Null Model ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Bayes Estimation ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Objectives Pre- and post-migration environments have differing demographic, social and economic characteristics which can affect health (Figure 1). What level of variance in bodyweight is attributable to individual-, country of origin-, and state of resettlement-level factors? Methods We test what portion of the variance (as captured through intra-cluster correlations (ICCS)) in bodyweight is attributable to multi-level factors. Data come from the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), a nationally representative, longitudinal study of international migrants. The outcome of interest is BMI (kg/m2) (n = 7329). We utilize a cross-classified multi-level model approach (CCMM), where clustering in both country of origin and state of resettlement are modeled simultaneously using Bayes estimation. Results Preliminary results are based upon the public version of the NIS, which condenses states of resettlement into 15 states/regions and countries of origin into 27 countries/regions. For the conference, access to the restricted-access dataset will allow for expansion of level-2 clusters to include specific states and countries. Table 1 presents results of initial models for country-only, state-only, and CCMM-predicted BMI. In the null model (Model 1), the between-level variance in BMI was driven largely by the country of origin (4.3) and not by the state of resettlement (0.04). In the CCMM, the country ICC was 7.5% and the state ICC was 0.09% indicating that state-level variance was minimal. Throughout, estimates for CCMM are closely aligned with estimates in the country-only model, further indicating that country-level variance is playing a much larger part than state-level variance in individual-level BMI after being in the country for eight years on average. Conclusions The large share of the variance in BMI at the point of legal permanent residency in 2003 is attributable to individual-level factors. Some variance in this baseline BMI is also attributable to where an individual was born. This research helps contribute to our understanding of how environments shape health behaviors. Funding Sources Research reported in this presentation was supported in part by the NIDDK of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonghyun Kwak ◽  
Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
National Study ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Theory

In an increasingly globalized world, anti-immigrant sentiment has become more prevalent. Competitive threat theory suggests that anti-immigrant attitudes increase when adverse economic circumstances intensify competition with immigrants for scarce resources, but past studies using this approach are inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the impact of the Great Recession on perceived immigrant threat—an index of seven items measuring attitudes toward immigrants—using the 2013 International Social Survey Program survey. Using multilevel models, we analyze responses from 18,433 respondents nested within 22 countries. We create a country-level measure of the Great Recession Index comprised of four dimensions—the housing crash, the financial crisis, economic decline, and employment loss—and assess its impact on perceived immigrant threat. After controlling for a variety of individual-level and country-level covariates, we find that the Great Recession is positively associated with perceived immigrant threat. We also identify important interaction effects between the Great Recession Index and change in government expenditures, age, educational levels, citizenship, and urbanization. The study contributes to competitive threat theory by showing the effect of the Great Recession in exacerbating anti-immigrant sentiment.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONAL TRUST IN UKRAINE AND EUROPE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Mykola Izha ◽  
Olena Knyazeva ◽  
Tetyana Pakhomova
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Country Level

The article presents the results of studying the formation of institutional trust, which will help to clarify and, at the same time, raise questions regarding the determination of the level of trust in state and political institutions in Ukraine and in modern European countries. In the context of the study, the tasks were considered to identify the factors that influence the formation of citizens’ trust in political institutions, namely: the effectiveness of the activities of political institutions; personal experience of interaction of citizens with representatives of authorities; the level of trust in the state as a whole, which can be transferred to individual state institutions. Analyzing the data from the Rounds (waves) 1-9 of the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2002-2018, the level of confidence in Ukraine’s political and public institutions and in the other European countries is compared. The analysis makes it possible to determine the factors that are present at the supra-individual level (at the country level) and which can influence the public policy of the state. The results of the study can be used to suggest possible measures to increase public confidence in major public institutions.

scholarly journals Perceived problems with adolescent online gaming: National differences and correlations with substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Julian Strizek ◽  
Josefine Atzendorf ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Karin Monshouwer ◽  
Alexandra Puhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundNot much is known about the correlation between gaming problems and substance use across different countries. This paper presents cross-national analyses of different gaming indicators and their relationship to substance use.MethodsBased on data from the 2015 ESPAD study, differences in the relationship between gaming and substance use across 35 countries were analysed using multi-level logistic regression, using substance use as an individual level predictor, economic wealth as a country-level predictor and a combined problem gaming indicator as the outcome.ResultsMulti-level logistic regressions revealed significant correlations between individual substance use and gaming problems, which varied across countries and were moderated by economic wealth. Students who used alcohol, tobacco or cannabis and who lived in high-income countries had a smaller risk of scoring positively on a combined problem gaming indicator than students who used alcohol, tobacco or cannabis and who lived in less prosperous countries.DiscussionDifferent gaming indicators varied substantially across countries, with self-perceived gaming problems being more common in countries with a low prevalence of gaming. Significant cross-level effects demonstrate the need to take the societal context into account when the relationship between problem gaming and substance use is analysed. Prevention measures need to take the fact into account that patterns of substance use among problem gamers vary across countries.

scholarly journals The Role of Chance in the Census Bureau Database Reconstruction Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Ruggles ◽  
David Van Riper
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Null Model ◽  
State Level ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Simple Simulation ◽  
Credible Threat

AbstractThe Census Bureau plans a new approach to disclosure control for the 2020 census that will add noise to every statistic the agency produces for places below the state level. The Bureau argues the new approach is needed because the confidentiality of census responses is threatened by “database reconstruction,” a technique for inferring individual-level responses from tabular data. The Census Bureau constructed hypothetical individual-level census responses from public 2010 tabular data and matched them to internal census records and to outside sources. The Census Bureau did not compare these results to a null model to demonstrate that their success in matching would not be expected by chance. This is analogous to conducting a clinical trial without a control group. We implement a simple simulation to assess how many matches would be expected by chance. We demonstrate that most matches reported by the Census Bureau experiment would be expected randomly. To extend the metaphor of the clinical trial, the treatment and the placebo produced similar outcomes. The database reconstruction experiment therefore fails to demonstrate a credible threat to confidentiality.

Worlds of Welfare Capitalism and Wellbeing: A Multilevel Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS DEEMING ◽  
DAVID HAYES
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Welfare Capitalism ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Welfare Theory

AbstractSocial scientists in the comparative policy tradition have long argued that welfare systems in modern capitalist societies can be broken down into ideal types. The idea of different worlds of welfare capitalism has an enduring appeal and growing practical policy relevance as governments seek to enhance population wellbeing. In this paper, we explore the worlds of welfare theory from the perspective of happiness. Drawing on data from the World Values Survey, we examine how welfare regimes may contribute to wellbeing and we consider the significance of our findings for the development of social policy. By using multilevel models, it is possible to separate out effects due to observed and unobserved, as well as both individual-level and country-level, welfare state characteristics and we can make inferences to the distribution of social wellbeing across welfare typologies. We find that respondents living in liberal and conservative countries experience at least twice the odds of unhappiness of those living in social democracies, after controlling for individual- and country-level explanatory variables. The observed differences between the worlds of welfare were found to be highly statistically significant.

Secularization—Still Going Strong? What Remains When Cross-sectional Differences Are Eliminated from a Longitudinal Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-259
Author(s):  
Heiner Meulemann ◽  
Alexander W. Schmidt-Catran
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Secularization Theory ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Country Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Level

The tendency of decreasing religiosity is explained by the theory of secularization through differentiation and pluralization. Using the ess 2002–2016, the impacts of both on church attendance and self-ascribed religiosity are tested, controlling for determinants of religiosity—that is, for belonging (cohort and denomination) and choice (education, urban residence, marriage, parenthood, and employment)—with multi-level models separating between- from within-country effects. Without controls, time negatively affects religiosity: there is a secularization tendency. But controlling for cohort and denomination annihilates this effect and strongly reduces individual-level as well as country-level error variances. Effects of belonging are stronger than those of choice, cohort succession has a negative effect, and religiosity differs between denominations. Differentiation and pluralization have only a few effects between countries and only one within countries such that secularization theory is not confirmed.

Are cultural values the same as the values of individuals? An examination of similarities in personal, social and cultural value structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Ype H. Poortinga
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Structure ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Value Structures ◽  
International Business Research ◽  
Multi Level

Value dimensions are used widely to make distinctions between countries and also serve to explain behaviour of individuals within countries. There is a paradox: leading researchers (Hofstede, 1980; Schwartz, 1994) have been adamant that country-level value structures differ from those at individual level. A recent analysis has suggested that dimensional structures at the two levels show substantial overlap. The current multi-level study extends previous research by examining to what extent ratings of the values of others can serve as an intermediate structure to help determine the degree of isomorphism between individual and culture-level structures. The findings indicate that a single value structure across levels is most parsimonious. Implications for international business research are discussed.

scholarly journals Diversity high up: a cloud forest of the Serra da Mantiqueira as a vascular epiphyte hotspot

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyra Gomes Furtado ◽  
Luiz Menini Neto
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Abstract The diversity of montane environments is dictated by a variety of environmental conditions. Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is located in the Serra da Mantiqueira, between ~1,000-1,800 m, and harbors approximately 300 ha of cloud forests. The composition of vascular epiphytes was determined by analyzing data from expeditions conducted between July 2014 and July 2015, and specimens deposited at herbaria. The 224 species were distributed into 82 genera of which Pleurothallis s.l. was the richest (13 spp.) and 23 families of which Orchidaceae was the richest (87 spp.). This richness corresponds to approximately 9.5% of the vascular epiphytic flora of the Atlantic Forest concentrated in an area that comprises 0.00085% of this phytogeographic domain, which represents one of the largest diversities ever sampled in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This fact is more relevant given that 13 species are threatened at the country level and 23 at the state level.

Attitude to migrants in the context of the state of interethnic relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The State ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Level System ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level

The article is devoted to the attitude of the host community (Rus- sians) to foreign citizens who have arrived for work, the social tension that arises in the process of socialization of migrants and the consideration of some aspects of social and cultural adaptation of foreign citizens and their integration in Russian society. The author notes that a loyal attitude to migrants and their successful adaptation and integration are possible thanks to a comprehensive ap- proach to solving this problem by building a multi-level system of adaptation and integration of foreign citizens in parallel with activities to reduce the level of illegal migration and the work of authorities starting in the country of origin.

Electronic Commerce

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cleeland Knight ◽  
Catherine L. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electronic Data Interchange ◽  
The State ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Electronic commerce (or e-commerce) is the purchase or sale of goods or services over any kind of computer network. Possible networks include the Internet; an extranet, which is a private platform that uses Internet technology, or TCP/IP; and an electronic data interchange (EDI) network. The study of e‐commerce can be roughly divided into three levels of analysis: global systemic, state, and individual firm or person. The global systemic or international level considers how e‐commerce influences relations between states. The state level considers how e‐commerce affects the business of government and the relationship between the state and society (including firms and persons). It allows one to compare similarities and differences in terms of what governments are doing to promote (or, less commonly, to discourage) the use of e‐commerce, and the impact of e‐commerce on a country’s economic performance. Finally, the individual level, which looks at firms as well as individual persons, considers how e‐commerce changes how firms and individuals interact within a given society, whether through their economic relations or otherwise. The literature on e‐commerce differs by discipline, with considerably more attention given to e‐commerce by the legal, business, and technical communities than by our respective social science disciplines, economics, and political science.

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