scholarly journals Swine Farming Is a Risk Factor for Infection With and High Prevalence of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shylo E. Wardyn ◽  
Brett M. Forshey ◽  
Sarah A. Farina ◽  
Ashley E. Kates ◽  
Rajeshwari Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence

Healthcare associated pneumonia: An old concept at a hospital with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance

MedPharmRes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Lam Nguyen-Ho ◽  
Duong Hoang-Thai ◽  
Vu Le-Thuong ◽  
Ngoc Tran-Van
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: One of several reasons that the concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was dismissed was the same presence of multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) between community-acquired pneumonia and HCAP at countries with the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, this finding could be unsuitable for countries with the high rates of AMR. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the respiratory department of Cho Ray hospital from September 2015 to April 2016. All adult patients suitable for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) with risk factor for healthcare-associated infection were included. Results: We found out 130 subjects. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range 57-81). The male/female ratio was 1.55:1. Prior hospitalization was the most common risk factor for healthcare-associated infection. There were 35 cases (26.9%) with culture-positive (sputum and/or bronchial lavage). Isolated bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 cases), Escherichia coli (4 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii (6 cases), and Staphylococcus aureus (7 cases) with the characteristic of AMR similar to the bacterial spectrum associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Conclusion: MDROs were detected frequently in CAP patients with risk factor for healthcare-associated infection at the hospital with the high prevalence of AMR. This requires the urgent need to evaluate risk factors for MDRO infection in community-onset pneumonia when the concept of HCAP is no longer used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Malagasy patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiry Rasamiravaka ◽  
Saida Rasoanandrasana ◽  
Norosoa Julie Julie Zafindraibe ◽  
Aimee Olivat Rakoto Alson ◽  
Andry Rasamindrakotroka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Strategic Policy

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of infections. It is well recognized that nasal carriage of S. aureus represents a potent and increasingly prevalent risk factor for subsequent S. aureus infection. However, in Madagascar no data exist concerning this nasal carriage of S. aureus. Methodology: Nasal swabs from 304 different patients attending the Laboratory of Training and Research in Medical Biology of Madagascar were cultured for methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and MRSA. Results: One hundred and sixteen patients had S. aureus in their noses (38.16 ± 5.46%) of whom 45 (14.80 ± 3.99%) had MRSA.  A risk factor for MSSA nasal carriage included a history of hospitalization when antibiotics were administered (odds ratio [OR] 2.25, 1.09 - 4.64). Among MRSA nasal isolates, high rate of resistance to other antibiotics was observed, particularly for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (68.89%), erythromycin (66.67%) and ofloxacin (53.33%). Conclusion: Our data showed a high rate of MRSA nasal carriage and a high rate of multidrug resistance. A strategic policy against the spread of multidrug resistant strains is desirable.

scholarly journals Investigation of the environmental presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria at small animal hospitals in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Kerek ◽  
Ágnes Sterczer ◽  
Zoltán Somogyi ◽  
Dóra Kovács ◽  
Ákos Jerzsele
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria can cause severe nosocomial infections in both human and veterinary clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and antibiotic susceptibility of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas strains at four small animal clinics of Hungary in 2018, as these bacteria can reliably represent the level of antimicrobial resistance in the investigated environment. A total of 177 Staphylococcus colonies were found, including 22 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 13 Staphylococcus aureus. As regards enterococci, 9 Enterococcus faecium, 2 E. faecalis and further 286 Enterococcus strains were isolated. The number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 34) was considered too low for relevant susceptibility testing. Among staphylococci, the highest resistance was found to sulphamethoxazole (82.9%), penicillin (65.7%) and erythromycin (54.3%), while in the case of enterococci, resistance to norfloxacin and rifampicin was the most common, with 25.5% of the strains being resistant to both antibiotics. Ten methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and six vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains could be identified. Only 5.7% of the Staphylococcus isolates were susceptible to all tested agents, while this ratio was 36.2% among enterococci. The results of this study have revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Hungarian small animal clinics, which highlights the importance of regular disinfection processes and stringent hygiene measures in veterinary clinics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of enterotoxin genes (SEA to SEE) and antibacterial resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens in Assiut city of Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Baz ◽  
Elsayed K. Bakhiet ◽  
Usama Abdul-Raouf ◽  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Infections in communities and hospitals are mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of five genes (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE) encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins in S. aureus isolates from various clinical specimens, as well as to assess the relationship of these isolates with antibiotic susceptibility. Traditional PCR was used to detect enterotoxin genes, and the ability of isolates expressing these genes was determined using Q.RT-PCR. Results Overall; 61.3% (n = 46) of the samples were positive for S. aureus out of 75 clinical specimens, including urine, abscess, wounds, and nasal swabs. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance showed S. aureus isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin (100%), Cefuroxime (94%), Ceftriaxone (89%), Ciprofloxacin (87%), Erythromycin and Ceftaxime (85%), Cephalexin and Clarithromycin (83%), Cefaclor (81%), Gentamicin (74%), Ofloxacin (72%), Chloramphenicol(59%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (54%), while all isolates sensitive to Imipinem (100%). By employing specific PCR, about 39.1% of isolates were harbored enterotoxin genes, enterotoxin A was the most predominant toxin in 32.6% of isolates, enterotoxin B with 4.3% of isolates and enterotoxin A and B were detected jointly in 2.1% of isolates, while enterotoxin C, D and E weren’t detected in any isolate. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus among clinical specimens. The isolates were also multidrug resistant to several tested antibiotics. Enterotoxin A was the most prevalent gene among isolates. The presence of antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes may facilitate the spread of S. aureus strains and pose a potential threat to public health.

scholarly journals SCCmec typing and Panton-valentine leukocidin occurrence in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from clinical samples of Ahvaz,southwest of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikou Bahrami ◽  
Hossein Motamedi ◽  
Seyyedeh Elham Reza Tofighi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Akhoond
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sccmec Typing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Resistance to methicillin in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is dependent on mecA gene located on staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC). Both SCCmec type and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) affect S. aureus pathogenicity. Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SCCmecA types and pvl genes among MRSA isolates from inpatients. During this cross-sectional study on 100 clinical isolates, following antibiotic susceptibility test, screening of mecA and pvl genes, as well as SCCmec typing, was done in a multiplex PCR technique. From the studied samples, 58 isolates were recognized as MRSA. The frequency of mecA and pvl was 58% and 4%, respectively. All of the MRSA were resistant to cefoxitin and had the highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol. The majority (77.5%) of MRSA was originated from wound samples. The SCCmec III was the most frequent type (22.4%) in these samples. The pvl positive isolates were from SCCmec IVb and V, thus meaning they are from CA-MRSA. These results show a high prevalence of MRSA in the studied region and a widespread prevalence of SCCmec I-V types. Furthermore, high prevalence of SCCmec III indicates the prevalence of multidrug resistant MRSA. This finding is a serious alarm for medical health care practitioners for the correct use of antibiotics in order to limit the spread of multidrug resistant strains. In addition, with regard to life threatening infections caused by pvl harbouring strains, early diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by these isolates should be mandatory.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Dalbavancin against Refractory Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Dafne Bongiorno ◽  
Lorenzo Mattia Lazzaro ◽  
Stefania Stefani ◽  
Floriana Campanile
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Reference Strains

The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, always treated with vancomycin and daptomycin, has led to the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate (VISA), heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate (hVISA) and daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS) S. aureus. Even if glycopeptides and daptomycin remain the keystone for treatment of resistant S. aureus, the need for alternative therapies that target MRSA has now become imperative. The in vitro antibacterial and bactericidal activity of dalbavancin was evaluated against clinically relevant S. aureus showing raised antibiotic resistance levels, from methicillin-susceptible to Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) MRSA, including hVISA, DNS and rifampicin-resistant (RIF-R) strains. A total of 124 S. aureus strains were tested for dalbavancin susceptibility, by the broth microdilution method. Two VISA and 2 hVISA reference strains, as well as a vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) reference strain and a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) reference strain, were included as controls. Time–kill curves were assayed to assess bactericidal activity. Dalbavancin demonstrated excellent in vitro antibacterial and bactericidal activity against all S. aureus resistance classes, including hVISA and DNS isolates. The RIF-R strains showed the highest percentage of isolates with non-susceptibility, reflecting the correlation between rpoB mutations and VISA/hVISA emergence. Our observations suggest that dalbavancin can be considered as an effective alternative for the management of severe MRSA infections also sustained by refractory phenotypes.

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