scholarly journals Anticoagulant-related nephropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolinny Borinelli de Aquino Moura ◽  
Paula Marques Prates Behrens ◽  
Rafaela Pirolli ◽  
Aimee Sauer ◽  
Dayana Melamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Anticoagulated Patients

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and mortality associated with anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) through a systematic review of the literature. Methods Electronic searches were conducted in the Medline and EMBASE databases, and manual searches were performed in the reference lists of the identified studies. The studies were selected by two independent researchers, first by evaluating the titles and abstracts and then by reading the complete texts of the identified studies. Case series, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case–control studies reporting the prevalence and factors associated with ARN were selected. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses of the prevalence of ARN and 5-year mortality using the random effects model were performed when possible. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results Five studies were included. Prevalence of ARN ranged from 19% to 63% among the four included cohort studies. Meta-analysis of these resulted in high heterogeneity [I2 96%, summary effect 31%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22–42%]. Subgroup meta-analysis yielded an ARN prevalence of 20% among studies that included patients with fewer comorbidities (I2 12%; 95% CI 19–22%). In a direct comparison, meta-analysis of the 5-year mortality rate between anticoagulated patients who had experienced ARN and anticoagulated patients without ARN, patients with ARN were 91% more likely to die (risk ratio = 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3; I2 87%). Risk factors for ARN that were reported in the literature included initial excessive anticoagulation, chronic kidney disease, age, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Conclusions ARN studies are scarce and heterogeneous, and present significant methodological limitations. The high prevalence of ARN reported herein suggests that this entity is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Mortality in patients with ARN seems to be high compared with patients without this condition in observational studies.

scholarly journals Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326405
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron J Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. 13 292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% (95% CI 35.2% to 51.3%), n=15 975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% (95% CI 27.9% to 53.5%), n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% (95% CI 31.6% to 44.4%), n=21 101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% (95% CI 29.8% to 45.3%), n=13 686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% (95% CI 19.8% to 31.3%), n=66 268, 76 studies), depression (23.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 40.2%), n=43 128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% (95% CI 16.1% to 26.1%), n=64 613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% (5.6% to 37.7%), n=42 566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% (95% CI 4.4% to 14.8%), n=49 326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic’s early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals The neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Objectives There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. Results 13,292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% [35.2-51.3], n=15,975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% [27.9-53.5], n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% [31.6-44.4], n=21,101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% [30.0-45.3], n=13,686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% [19.8-31.3], n=66.268, 76 studies), depression (23.0 % [11.8-40.2], n=43,128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% [95% CI 16.1-26.1], n=64,613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% [5.6-37.7], n=42,566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% [4.4-14.8], n=49,326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Conclusions Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic's early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals Adiposity and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Ohno ◽  
Dagfinn Aune ◽  
Alicia K. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Several studies have investigated associations between overweight/obesity and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, however, the evidence is not entirely consistent, and previous meta-analyses mainly included case–control studies, which can be affected by various biases. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on adiposity and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases. Random effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rheumatoid arthritis in relation to different measures of adiposity. Thirteen cohort studies (10 publications) were included. The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increase in body mass index (BMI) was 1.11 (95% CI 1.05–1.18, I2 = 50%), but the association was restricted to women (1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.21, I2 = 17%) and not observed in men (0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.09, I2 = 58%). The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI at age 18 years was 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.36, I2 = 26%, n = 3), and per 10 cm increase in waist circumference was 1.13 (95% CI 1.02–1.25, I2 = 44%, n = 2). Higher BMI in middle age, BMI at age 18 years, and waist circumference were associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis risk, suggesting adiposity could be targeted for primary prevention.

scholarly journals Traumatic Injury and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Warren ◽  
Susan Armijo Olivo ◽  
Jorge Fuentes Contreras ◽  
Karen V. L. Turpin ◽  
Douglas P. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

A systematic review/meta-analysis of literature addressing a possible association between traumatic injury and onset of multiple sclerosis was conducted. Medline, Embase, Cochrane DSR, Ovid HealthStar, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched for analytical studies from 1950 to 2011. Two investigators independently reviewed articles for inclusion, assessing their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 13 case-control studies included, 8 were moderate quality and 5 low; of the 3 cohort studies 2 were high and 1 moderate. Meta-analysis including moderate and low quality case-control studies produced a modest but significant odds ratio: 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.93). However, when low quality studies were excluded, the resulting odds ratio was non-significant. Cohort studies produced a non-significant standardized incidence ratio of 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.16). These findings support the conclusion that there is no association between traumatic injury and multiple sclerosis onset; more high quality cohort studies would help to confirm this observation.

scholarly journals Incidence of acute pulmonary embolism among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Munner ◽  
Charles A. Ritchie ◽  
Ibrahim H. Elkhidir ◽  
Doaa T. Mohammadat ◽  
Hussein J. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, which is associated with venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of PE among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 within the published literature. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search using MEDLINE /PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and OpenGray databases was conducted May 19th, 2020. Eligible studies included sufficient data to calculate the incidence of PE diagnosed during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Case reports were excluded. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (observational cohort and case-control), AXIS tool (cross-sectional), and quality assessment tool (case series). Demographics and PE incidence data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed with R language. The pooled incidence of PE in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was calculated. Results: The database search identified 128 records. Ten observational studies were eligible and were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 1722 patients (mean age= 63.36). .The incidence of PE was noted to be higher in males. The D-dimer levels were specified between PE group and non-PE group in only three studies, while the remaining either reported it improperly or had missing data.The pooled PE incidence in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was 17% (95% CI: 0.1-0.26). There was a high degree of study heterogeneity (I2 = 94%, p<0.01). Conclusion: The pooled PE incidence in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is 17%. This increased incidence is greater than that previously reported in the general population of non-COVID-19. Attention and further investigation of this risk is warranted.

scholarly journals Association of multiple sclerosis with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Han Shen ◽  
Chau Yee Ng ◽  
Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Ching-Chi Chi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Polyautoimmunity implicates that some autoimmune diseases share common etiopathogenesis. Some studies have reported an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and vitiligo; meanwhile, other studies have failed to confirm this association. We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to examine the association of MS with vitiligo. We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases on March 8, 2020 for relevant case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Where applicable, we performed a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) for case–control/cross-sectional studies and risk ratio for cohort studies with 95% confidence interval (CI). Our search identified 285 citations after removing duplicates. Six case–control studies with 12,930 study subjects met our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis found no significant association of MS with prevalent vitiligo (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.80‒2.22). Analysis of the pooled data failed to display any increase of prevalent vitiligo in MS patients compared with controls. Ethnic and genetic factors may play an important role for sporadically observed associations between MS and vitiligo. Future studies of this association should therefore consider stratification by ethnic or genetic factors.

scholarly journals Social support and protection from depression: systematic review of current findings in Western countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Gariépy ◽  
Helena Honkaniemi ◽  
Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundNumerous studies report an association between social support and protection from depression, but no systematic review or meta-analysis exists on this topic.AimsTo review systematically the characteristics of social support (types and source) associated with protection from depression across life periods (childhood and adolescence; adulthood; older age) and by study design (cross-sectionalv. cohort studies).MethodA systematic literature search conducted in February 2015 yielded 100 eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using a critical appraisal checklist, followed by meta-analyses.ResultsSources of support varied across life periods, with parental support being most important among children and adolescents, whereas adults and older adults relied more on spouses, followed by family and then friends. Significant heterogeneity in social support measurement was noted. Effects were weaker in both magnitude and significance in cohort studies.ConclusionsKnowledge gaps remain due to social support measurement heterogeneity and to evidence of reverse causality bias.

scholarly journals What is the evidence for transmission of COVID-19 by children in schools? A living systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Marshall Dozier ◽  
Yazhou He ◽  
Amir Kirolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is of paramount importance to understand the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools, which could support the decision-making about educational facilities closure or re-opening with effective prevention and control measures in place.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools. We performed risk of bias evaluation of all included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results2,178 articles were retrieved and 11 studies were included. Five cohort studies reported a combined 22 student and 21 staff index cases that exposed 3,345 contacts with 18 transmissions [overall infection attack rate (IAR): 0.08% (95% CI: 0.00%–0.86%)]. IARs for students and school staff were 0.15% (95% CI: 0.00%–0.93%) and 0.70% (95% CI: 0.00%–3.56%) respectively. Six cross-sectional studies reported 639 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in 6,682 study participants tested [overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate: 8.00% (95% CI: 2.17%–16.95%)]. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was estimated to be 8.74% (95% CI: 2.34%–18.53%) among students, compared to 13.68% (95% CI: 1.68%–33.89%) among school staff. Gender differences were not found for secondary infection (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.50-4.14, P= 0.49) and SARS-CoV-2 positivity (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.72-1.13, P= 0.36) in schools. Fever, cough, dyspnea, ageusia, anosmia, rhinitis, sore throat, headache, myalgia, asthenia, and diarrhoea were all associated with the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (based on two studies). Overall, study quality was judged to be poor with risk of performance and attrition bias, limiting the confidence in the results.ConclusionsThere is limited high-quality evidence available to quantify the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools or to compare it to community transmission. Emerging evidence suggests lower IAR and SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate in students compared to school staff. Future prospective and adequately controlled cohort studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

scholarly journals SUN-013 Cardiometabolic Profile of Brazilian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Bandeira Marchesan ◽  
Ramon Bossardi Ramos ◽  
Monica Oliveira ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Register ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Abstract Introduction. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease and its clinical expression may be influenced by ethnicity and sociocultural backgrounds. Despite its high prevalence, few studies are available regarding clinical characteristics of Brazilian women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence regarding metabolic risks in PCOS population in Brazil trough a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods. We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published until July 31, 2019. Results. Eleven cross-sectional and case-control studies were selected for the present meta-analysis, including 898 women diagnosed with PCOS and 2176 controls. All used the Rotterdam criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. Compared to controls, BMI was higher in PCOS [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.67 (95% CI 0.29, 1.05) I²=91%], as well as waist circumference [SMD 0.88 (0.40, 1.37) I²=93%]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in PCOS, SMD 0.66 (0.30, 1.01) I²=83%, SMD 0.55 (0.24, 0.87) I²=81%, respectively. Glucose and HOMA-IR were higher in PCOS, SMD 0.22 (0.02, 0.41) I²= 57%, SMD 0.78 (0.52, 1.04) I² =26% respectively. Regarding lipid profile, PCOS had higher values for triglyceride [SMD= 0.39 (0.14, 0.64, I² =63%)], total cholesterol [SMD 0.36 (0.15, 0.57, I²=57%)] and LDL [SMD 0.44 (0.11, 0.78, I²=82%)] and lower values for HDL [SMD -0.56 (-0.78, -0.34) I²=68%]. Conclusions. Even though the studies considered were observational, including mostly small samples, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates women with PCOS from different regions of Brazil present worse cardiometabolic profile than women without PCOS. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016038537).

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and incidence of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chokesuwattanaskul ◽  
K Chiengthong ◽  
C Thongprayoon ◽  
P Lertjitbanjong ◽  
T Bathini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for many inflammatory disorders and pain-related illnesses. Despite their widespread use, the association between NSAIDs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate this association. Methods A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception through August 2019 to identify studies that evaluated the risk of AF among patients using NSAIDs. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CI were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42019141609). Results Eight observational studies (four case–control studies and four cohort studies) with a total of 14 806 420 patients were enrolled. When compared with nonNSAIDs users, the pooled RR of AF in patients with NSAIDs use was 1.29 (95% CI 1.19–1.39). Meta-analyses based on the type of study were additionally performed. Subgroup analysis by study design revealed a significant association between the use of NSAIDs and AF for both case–control studies (pooled RR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15–1.63) and cohort studies (pooled RR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14–1.31). Sub-analyses based on specific NSAIDs showed pooled RRs of AF in patients using ibuprofen of 1.30 (95% CI 1.22–1.39), naproxen of 1.44 (95% CI 1.18–1.76) and diclofenac of 1.37 (95% CI 1.10–1.71), respectively. Funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry tests were performed and showed no publication bias. Conclusion NSAID use is associated with incident AF. Our study also demonstrated a consistent result among different NSAIDs.

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