The Heptacarboxylic Porphyrin of Various Types of Porphyria and the Melting-Point Curve of Methyl Esters of the I and III Isomers

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 647-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Chu ◽  
Edith Ju-Hwa Chu
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
South African ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Type I ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Composition Curve ◽  
Point Composition

Abstract The heptacarboxylic porphyrin (hepta) isolated from different types of porphyric urine samples contains different proportions of the isomers I and III. These were separated chromatographically. The hepta in congenital porphyria was found to contain 65% of Type I isomer and 35% of Type III; that in acute intermittent porphyria, 70-80% III and 20-30% I; and that in porphyria cutanea tarda, 80-90% III. Several other cases including 1 of coproporphyria, 1 of South African genetic porphyria, 1 of Bantu porphyria, 4 of hexachlorobenzene poisoning in Turkish individuals were also examined. From the X-ray diffraction pattern and long-column chromatography, the Hepta III prepared either from decarboxylation of Uroporphyrin III or by condensation of porphobilinogen revealed a more complex configuration than that isolated from porphyric materials. The natural hepta might be dominated by one of the four possible isomers of the III series. A melting-point composition curve of methyl esters of Hepta I and III was constructed, and its applicability was tested. The identity of the hepta isolated in porphyria cutanea tarda with "208" and "pseudouro" porphyrins is discussed, and the name "cutano-porphyrin" suggested.

THE NORMAL C17 FATTY ACIDS OF MUSK-OX FAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1434-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Chisholm ◽  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Heptadecanoic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Musk Ox

A sample of body fat of the Canadian musk ox (Ovibosmoschatus subsp.) was converted to methyl esters and distilled. The fraction containing esters of C17 acids was crystallized fractionally at low temperature and two straight-chain C17 acids were isolated. n-Heptadecanoic acid was identified by analysis, by mixed melting point of the acid and two derivatives with authentic samples, and by its X-ray diffraction pattern. 9-Heptadecenoic acid was identified by analysis, by mixed melting point of two derivatives with authentic samples, and by oxidative cleavage. It is estimated that the fat contained 1.7% of n-heptadecanoic acid and 0.9% of cis-9-heptadecenoic acid, based on the total fatty acids. Although there was an appreciable content of trans acids in the fat, the heptadecenoic acid was found to contain little or none of the trans form.

Amounts of Faecal Porphyrin-Peptide Conjugates in the Porphyrias

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Moore ◽  
G. G. Thompson ◽  
A. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Peptide Complex ◽  
Variegate Porphyria ◽  
Hereditary Coproporphyria ◽  
Different Types

1. The levels of ‘X-porphyrin’, a porphyrin-peptide complex, have been studied in the faeces of patients with different types of porphyria, as well as in fifty normal subjects. 2. These levels have been shown to be significantly elevated in untreated porphyria cutanea tarda and in variegate porphyria. 3. Lesser elevations were seen in acute intermittent porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria. There was no elevation in erythropoietic protoporphyria.

Preparation and Properties of Condensation Block Copolymers

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Coffey ◽  
T. J. Meyrick
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Block Copolymerization ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Composition Curve ◽  
Point Composition

Abstract By using diisocyanates to link together two different polyesters having terminal hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, copolymers have been obtained in which the two repeating units occur in blocks and not in the random arrangement obtained by normal methods of preparing copolymers. Melting points have been measured by a penetrometer method and the effects of copolymer composition on melting point determined. In a series of crystalline copolymers made by linking various amounts of polyethylene sebacate and polyethylene adipate with hexamethylene diisocyanate, a step-shaped melting point-composition curve is obtained. Copolymers containing up to about 40 per cent of polyethylene adipate have the same melting point as that of polyethylene sebacate. Further increase in the polyethylene adipate content results in a rapid drop in melting point until the melting point of polyethylene adipate is reached. Thereafter increasing amounts of polyethylene adipate do not alter the melting point. Random copolymers of ethylene adipate and ethylene sebacate give a V-shaped melting point-composition curve. The step-shaped curve of block copolymers is almost identical with the melting point-composition curve of melt blends of the two polymers. Stress-strain characteristics and impact strengths of the block copolymers have been measured. In the polyethylene adipate/polyethylene sebacate/ hexamethylene diisocyanate series no great differences are found between random and block copolymers. If, however, the crystalline polyethylene adipate is replaced by the noncrystalline polypropylene adipate, then block copolymers containing 15–30 per cent of polypropylene adipate have outstanding impact strength. Similar high impact strength is obtained by using a compatible rubbery polymer as an external plasticizer with hexamethylene diisocyanate modified polyethylene sebacate. This method of block copolymerization has an advantage over random copolymerization in that a crystalline copolymer can be modified without reduction of its melting point, and by suitable selection of a second component it affords a means of “building in” a plasticizer.

Porphyrin Patterns in Different Types of Porphyria

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Chu ◽  
Edith Ju-Hwa Chu
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chromatographic Pattern ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Porphyrins from 38 cases of different types of porphyria were separated chromatographically and analyzed. Patients with different types of porphyria eliminated porphyrins with different patterns. Simple paper chromatography of the methyl ester of the total porphyrin of a urine sample revealed a chromatographic pattern of the porphyrins characteristic of the type of porphyria. The relative abundance of the heptacarboxylic and uroporphyrins in a sample also differentiated porphyria cutanea tarda from acute intermittent or congenital porphyria. The isomer compositions of the porphyrins were also disclosed. While one type of isomer might dominate one type of porphyria, the magnitude of predominance was by no means unanimous, or even reversed, among the porphyrins from uro- through the intermediates to coproporphyrins. For example, in cutanea tarda, Type I isomer dominates uro- and pentacarboxylic porphyrins, and Type Ill isomer dominates the hepta-, hexa- and coproporphyrins. The complexity of the enzymatic reaction involved in the decarboxylation of the porphyrins is thus indicated.

scholarly journals Structural disordering in Sn-Pb(Bi) eutectic melts induced by heating

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mudry ◽  
I. Shtablavyi ◽  
I. Shevernoga
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Eutectic Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Structural Disordering

Abstract The structure of liquid Sn0.739Pb0.261 and Sn0.57Bi0.43 eutectic alloys was studied by means of X-ray diffraction at several temperatures. Structure factors, pair correlation functions and the main structural parameters obtained on their basis were analyzed. We show that the structure of the Sn0.739Pb0.261 and Sn0.57Bi0.43 eutectic alloys is inhomogeneous and consists of different types of clusters. Upon heating the cluster structure undergoes topological and chemical disordering showing a significant dependence of structural parameters on temperature near the melting point

Erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity and therapeutic phlebotomy in porphyria cutanea tarda

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
pp. 736-738
Author(s):  
FERENC KÓSZÓ ◽  
MÁRTA MORVAY ◽  
ATTILA DOBOZY ◽  
KRISZTINA BODA
Keyword(s):  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Genetically Determined

On the basis of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase ( UD ) activity in the erythrocytes, and the family history of the disease, different types of porphyria cutanea tarda ( PCT ) can be distinguished. In some cases, however, the distinction may involve some uncertainty (overlapping of subgroups). The question arises of whether the current erythrocyte UD activities in the different types of PCT are determined merely genetically. The erythrocyte UD activities in 72 unrelated patients with different forms of PCT (62 with type I PCT and 10 with type II PCT ), in different stages of the disease, were measured in order to test whether the activity exhibits any change during the long period of recovery. In both types the activities were faintly but significantly increased, from 94.9% (in PCT I) or 54.3% (in PCT II) up to 98.4% or 56.1% respectively. In both types the lower activity in the untreated condition can be attributed to a combination of several factors, including oxidative damage to UD , which results in a minor additional inhibition of the genetically determined enzyme activities.

Porphyrins and Chlorins from a Congenital Porphyria Patient

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Chu ◽  
Edith Ju-Hwa Chu
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Absorption Band ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Type I ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
The One

Abstract Analysis of porphyrins from the urine, blood, and feces of a congenital porphyria patient showed copro- and uroporphyrins from the blood contained more than 95% of the Type I isomer, and those from stool and urine, about 90%. The intermediate hepta-, hexa- and pentacarboxylic porphyrins from the urine contained 70% or less of the Type I isomer. The results are discussed and compared with those in porphyria cutanea tarda and from congenitally porphyric cattle. A new tricarboxylic porphyrin, its methyl ester with a melting point of 165° and an absorption band at 627 mµ in chloroform, was isolated from the feces. A urinary chlorin (643 mµ) was separated and studied, and a possible structure of a heptacarboxylic chlorin is suggested by its formation from porphobilinogen and by other pertinent data. Three fecal chlorins (with absorption bands at 646, 660, and 668 mµ) were also isolated. Only the one with 646 mµ absorption is relatively stable.

Methionine-Specific Staining of Collagen

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
E.M. Kuhn ◽  
K.D. Marenus ◽  
M. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Fibers composed of different types of collagen cannot be differentiated by conventional electron microscopic stains. We are developing staining procedures aimed at identifying collagen fibers of different types.Pt(Gly-L-Met)Cl binds specifically to sulfur-containing amino acids. Different collagens have methionine (met) residues at somewhat different positions. A good correspondence has been reported between known met positions and Pt(GLM) bands in rat Type I SLS (collagen aggregates in which molecules lie adjacent to each other in exact register). We have confirmed this relationship in Type III collagen SLS (Fig. 1).

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Pawel Mierczynski ◽  
Magdalena Mosińska ◽  
Lukasz Szkudlarek ◽  
Karolina Chalupka ◽  
Misa Tatsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.

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