A Method for Determining Nitrofurantoin in Urine in the Presence of Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride and Its Metabolites

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Hollifield ◽  
John D Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Related Metabolite

Abstract The high urinary drug concentrations usually encountered after administering nitrofurantoin in the chemotherapy of urinary tract infections are often measured by the nitromethane—Hyamine method. We show here that, if the urinary tract analgesic, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, and its related metabolite(s) are in the urine, they interfere with this determination of nitrofurantoin. Nevertheless, the nitromethane—Hyamine method may be modified to determine nitrofurantoin quantitatively in urine collected from human subjects who have been treated with the analgesic and nitrofurantoin concomitantly.

scholarly journals Changing pattern of resistant pathogens causing urinary tract infections in Karachi

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
H Najmul ◽  
A Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

INTRODUCTION: The study under view is based under the aim to investigate the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of pathogens, causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), to antibiotics commonly used in routine medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 10 months 100 isolates were collected for the determination of their susceptibility to chosen antibiotics, from a laboratory (MedPath Laboratories) in urban area of Karachi. All Gramnegative and Gram-positive urinary tract pathogens were re-identified by their morphological and biochemical characteristics and the susceptibility to seven antibiotics was determined. RESULTS: Pathogens were found as, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona spp, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococci spp. In recent study, more than half of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to one or more of the all antimicrobial drugs tested. Resistance was most common to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ofloxacin, cefixime, followed by gentamicin. Our results indicate that Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were the most common organisms causing UTI. Other organisms involved were Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. Increasing patterns of resistant to gentamicin, and ofloxacin were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, pattern of antibiotic susceptibility to first line antibiotics is changing hence antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates is crucial for the treatment of UTI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8069 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):99-104  

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Mutators Present an Enhanced Risk for Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance during Urinary Tract Infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Miller ◽  
Alexander John O'Neill ◽  
Ian Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Mutators may present an enhanced risk for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria during chemotherapy. Using Escherichia coli mutators as a model, we evaluated their ability to develop resistance to antibiotics routinely used for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Under conditions that simulate therapeutic drug concentrations in humans, low-level resistance to trimethoprim, gentamicin, and cefotaxime emerged more frequently in mutators than normal strains. Resistance to trimethoprim in both cell types arose from a single point mutation in folA (Ile94→Leu) and cefotaxime resistance resulted from loss of outer membrane porin OmpF. The mechanisms of gentamicin resistance could not be defined, but resistance did not result from mutations in ribosomal protein L6 (rplF). Although similar mechanisms of low-level antibiotic resistance probably arise in these strains, mutators are a risk factor because the increased generation of mutants with low-level resistance enhances the opportunity for subsequent emergence of high-level resistance.

Localization and Therapy of Urinary Tract Infections of Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul L. Wientzen ◽  
George H. McCracken ◽  
Mary L. Petruska ◽  
Susan G. Swinson ◽  
Bertil Kaijser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibody Coating

One hundred four patients with 124 episodes of urinary tract infection were studied. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined on diagnosis of each patient. Children with a CRP equal to or greater than 30 µg/ml (CRP-pos) differed significantly from those with values less than 30 µ/ml (CRP-neg) in age, clinical presentation, K type of Escherichia coli causing disease, frequency or radiographic abnormalities, and presence of antibody coating of bacteria in the urinary sediment. E coli K1 strains caused disease significantly more often in CRP-pos than in CRP-neg patients, and children with K1 infections were younger than those with non-K1 infections. The antibody-coated bacteria test was neither sensitive nor specific for localization of infection in pediatric patients. Determination of K1 antibody concentrations in serum and urine of E coli K1-infected children provided data supporting the measurement of CRP as one means of localizing urinary tract infections. Patients with CRP-neg infections were treated as successfully with four days of antimicrobial therapy as with ten days.

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