Changes in the Saccharoid Fraction in Rats with Alloxan-Induced Diabetes or Injected with Epinephrine

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jafar Alam ◽  
M Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Reducing Substances

Abstract "Saccharoid fraction," defined as the nonglucose reducing substances in blood, increases both in hyperglycemia (blood glucose concentration exceeding 280 mg/dl) and hypoglycemia (blood sugar less than 65 mg/dl) in rats. This increase is not completely accounted for by glutathione, glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and creatinine. Some of the constituents of saccharoid fraction seem to be insulin-sensitive. Alloxan not only produces diabetes in rats but also increases blood glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. Estimated constituents of saccharoid fraction account for only 45% to 75% of the saccharoid fraction. The unaccounted-for saccharoid fraction shows changes similar to those in the accounted-for saccharoid fraction, in the diabetic rats, as was also the case after treatment with insulin of normal or diabetic animals. The fraction not accounted for by the estimated constituents may represent the reducing sugar phosphates present in the blood.

scholarly journals Contribution of Blood Phosphate Esters to the Blood Saccharoid Fraction of Rats with Alloxan-induced Diabetes or Treated with Insulin or Epinephrine

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeenat- un-Nisa ◽  
M Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Reducing Substances

Abstract Nonglucose reducing substances in blood constitute the "saccharoid fraction," which increases both in hyperand hypoglycemia. The phosphate esters, including weak-acid phosphates and fructose-1,6-diphosphate, constitute 14 to 25% of the saccharoid fraction in whole blood, 2 to 9% in plasma, and 24 to 35% in erythrocytes of normal rats treated with insulin or epinephrine and of alloxan diabetic rats treated with insulin. Glutathione, glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and creatinine (reported earlier) and the phosphate esters (reported here) altogether account for 75 to 100% of the saccharoid fraction under the experimental conditions used, except in the alloxan-diabetic rats, where on the fourth day of alloxan treatment a larger proportion was unaccounted for. The dynamic character of the saccharoid fraction is probably due to the evanescent nature of these phosphate esters.

scholarly journals The effect of acetoacetate on plasma insulin concentration

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti ◽  
C. R. S. Houghton ◽  
D. H. Williamson ◽  
H. A. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. Sodium acetoacetate was infused into the inferior vena cava of fed rats, 48h-starved rats, and fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with insulin. Arterial blood was obtained from a femoral artery catheter. 2. Acetoacetate infusion caused a fall in blood glucose concentration in fed rats from 6.16 to 5.11mm in 1h, whereas no change occurred in starved or fed–diabetic rats. 3. Plasma free fatty acids decreased within 10min, from 0.82 to 0.64mequiv./l in fed rats, 1.16 to 0.79mequiv./l in starved rats and 0.83 to 0.65mequiv./l in fed–diabetic rats. 4. At 10min the plasma concentration rose from 20 to 49.9μunits/ml in fed unanaesthetized rats and from 6.4 to 18.5μunits/ml in starved rats. There was no change in insulin concentration in the diabetic rats. 5. Nembutal-anaesthetized fed rats had a more marked increase in plasma insulin concentration, from 30 to 101μunits/ml within 10min. 6. A fall in blood glucose concentration in fed rats and a decrease in free fatty acids in both fed and starved rats is to be expected as a consequence of the increase in plasma insulin. 7. The fall in the concentration of free fatty acids in diabetic rats may be due to a direct effect of ketone bodies on adipose tissue. A similar effect on free fatty acids could also be operative in normal fed or starved rats.

scholarly journals BANANA PEEL FLAKES ALLEVIATE BLOOD GLUCOSE AND STRESS IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
ANDREANYTA MELIALA ◽  
YUSTINA ANDWI ARI SUMIWI ◽  
PARAMITA NARWIDINA ◽  
SRI LESTARI SULISTYO RINI ◽  
WIDIASTUTI SETYANINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antidepressant effects of banana peel flakes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were classified into five groups with different treatments. Groups I to IV were diabetic rats model groups that consumed only standard diet, standard diet containing 5%, 10%, and 20% of banana peel flakes, respectively. While group V was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Immunohistochemistry staining was measured to examine serotonin expression in the colon and pancreas. Results: The diabetic rats treated with 20% banana peel flakes had a lower blood glucose concentration (p<0.05) compared with diabetic control and showed a shorter duration of immobility time (p<0.05) than the healthy control. Additionally, compared with diabetic control, the diabetic rats treated with 5% banana peel flakes showed higher serotonin expression (p<0.05) in the colon. In contrast, serotonin expression in the pancreas did not show any significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study disclosed that the banana peel flakes provided an antidepressant effect in the diabetic rats model, which might occur through the mechanism of controlling blood glucose concentration.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate utilization in the pre-ruminant calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
R. H. Smith ◽  
M. J. Henschel ◽  
W. B. Hill ◽  
J. W. G. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Preferential Uptake ◽  
Sugar Levels

1. Changes in blood sugar levels after giving carbohydrates have been used to assess carbohydrate utilization in pre-ruminant calves aged between 10 and 50 days.2. Glucose, galactose and lactose were readily utilized by all calves; the utilization of glucose and galactose increased with age, whereas that of lactose remained constant.3. Maltose and fructose utilization was low in young calves and increased slightly with age.4. Sucrose and starch were not utilized.5. Studies with three older pre-ruminant calves (aged 53, 88 and 106 days) in which the carbohydrates were infused into the proximal duodenum showed that glucose, galactose, lactose and xylose all caused marked increases in the level of blood reducing sugar, whereas fructose and sucrose caused no increase, and maltose was intermediate. Xylose and galactose caused very little change in the blood glucose concentration.6. It appeared that preferential uptake occurred of glucose from a glucose-galactose mixture.7. A non-linear relationship was found between the concentration of glucose or galactose infused and the increase in the level of blood reducing sugar.

scholarly journals Effects of Silymarin on Blood Glucose Concentration, Hepatic Histopathological Changes and FOXA2 and FOXA3 Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sajad Nikkhah ◽  
Rahman Jafari Hafshejan ◽  
Farshid Gheibi Hajivar ◽  
Khalil Khashei ◽  
Sara Afzali
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Since the liver is among the primary organs susceptible to the effects of hyperglycaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) could be a risk factor for the development and progression of liver damage. In present study, since no side-effects from the herbal medicine have been reported, the effect of silymarin on blood glucose concentration, hepatic histopathological changes and FOXA2 and FOXA3 gene expression, which are key genes in liver regeneration, was investigated. In this fundamental with experimental approach study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were used. Rats were kept under the standard conditions of temperature of 20-22°C and humidity of 50% and consecutive 12-hour periods of light and darkness. Rats were randomly divided into five different groups (n=8 each), including healthy control rats, diabetic control rats, diabetic rats receiving silymarin (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (50 mg/kg B.W., i.p.). For 4 weeks silymarin groups received the drug once every three days through gavage and fasting blood glucose concentration measured once every 10 days. At the end of a month experiment, livers were harvested for hepatic histopathological and FOXA2 and FOXA3 gene expression changes analysis. In the diabetic rats treated with silymarin (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), by comparison with the diabetic control group (p<0.05), glucose levels decreased significantly. Moreover, FOXA2 and FOXA3 expression in diabetic groups treated with silymarin significantly increased compared to diabetic control group (p<0.05). Hepatic histopathological changes were improved in the treated groups.The present study indicates that silymarin significantly decreased blood glucose concentration and increased the FOXA2 and FOXA3 gene products level. Hence, silymarin is able to improve some of the symptoms associated with diabetes and possesses hepatoprotective effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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