Chemical and Clinical Evaluation of the Continuous-flow Analyzer "SMAC"

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1062-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton K Schwartz ◽  
Victor G Bethune ◽  
Martin Fleisher ◽  
Gina Pennacchia ◽  
Celia J Menendez-Botet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Matrix Reference Material ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Speed Computer

Abstract "SMAC" (Sequential Multiple Analyzer plus Computer) is a high-speed computer-controlled multitest analyzer. A 20-channel prototype SMAC (glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, carbon dioxide content, total bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, iron, uric acid, chloride, sodium, potassium, total protein, albumin, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases) has been evaluated for: (a) method precision during within-day runs and on a day-to-day basis over a period of time; (b) method linearity over a range established on a chemical basis and related to clinical requirements, with use of both aqueous standards and protein matrix reference material; and (c) correlation of SMAC values with those obtained by the methods routinely in use in our department.

High-speed computer-controlled printed circuit-board drilling machine

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
A. Carling ◽  
R. Ford ◽  
M. Goodwin ◽  
B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Speed Computer

On the Minimum Harmonic Trajectory Pattern for Point-to-Point Motion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Rastegar ◽  
Dake Feng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Natural Modes ◽  
Point Motion ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Trajectory Pattern ◽  
Point Velocity ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Speed Computer

In this paper, the lowest harmonic trajectory pattern for point-to-point motions with zero end point velocity, acceleration and jerk of fully controlled nonlinear dynamics systems that can be synthesized is proved to be a unique combination of a fundamental frequency harmonic and its second harmonic. For fully controlled dynamic systems such as robot manipulators and other computer controlled machines with rigid links, it is shown that such a trajectory pattern would yield the minimum number of harmonic in the required actuation forces/torques. Such trajectory patterns are therefore suitable for point-to-point motion synthesis of high-precision and high-speed computer controlled machinery and can also be synthesized to minimize excitation of the system natural modes of vibrations.

Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing III. Application to liver assessment.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Cembrowski ◽  
F C Larson ◽  
R W Huntington ◽  
J H Selliken ◽  
E C Toren
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Chemical Testing ◽  
Better Than

Abstract We used the previously described [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)] and evaluated [Clin. Chem. 19, 1122 (1973)] computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing to select and perform tests of hepatic status, to aid the clinician in the diagnosis of liver disease. Results for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained from the continuous-flow analysis (SMA 12/60) admission screen were used by the instrument system to determine selectively the values for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total and direct bilirubin. Kit methods for the latter four tests were evaluated on the system; results were similar to manual procedures. A software, enzymatic ratemeter was found to be better than the previously described hardware ratemeter. The follow-up tests of serum prescribed by the system are compared to clinician-prescribed follow-up tests and discharge diagnoses. In 10 of 19 cases, the system and clinician ordered similar follow-up tests; in three cases follow-up differed, and in six cases, the system ordered follow-up tests and the clinician ordered none.

A Multichannel Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E Thiers ◽  
Jean Bryan ◽  
Katherine Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Channel Analyzer

Abstract A 10-channel analyzer is described with which sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, albumin blank, and uric acid levels may be determined simultaneously. Operating at the rate of 60 specimens per hour, the instrument uses less than 1 ml. of serum for all 10 determinations. The results appear on 5 two-pen recorders. The report describes the instrument, its operating characteristics, modification of the sampler module to enable sampling from test tubes, a manual system of rapid data-handling, and the system employed for nearly anaerobic sample-handling.

Profile of Admission Chemical Data by Multichannel Automation: An Evaluative Experiment

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Jean Bryan ◽  
Judith L Wearne ◽  
Alberto Viau ◽  
A Wendell Musser ◽  
Fred W Schoonmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract In an experiment comparing the clinical chemical data obtained for incoming hospital patients from samples of blood submitted to the routine laboratory and from samples analyzed automatically, a multichannel analyzer was employed. The constituents determined, chosen on the basis of the frequency with which they were ordinarily requested, were glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide content, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and uric acid. In a significant fraction of the patients admitted at three different hospitals the profile of admission chemical determinations indicated abnormal values which had not been sought by the physician and which often were of direct help to him and benefit to the patient.

scholarly journals Study of the Stability of Various Biochemical Analytes in Samples Stored at Different Predefined Storage Conditions at an Accredited Laboratory of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 011-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kachhawa ◽  
Poonam Kachhawa ◽  
Meena Varma ◽  
Rasmirekha Behera ◽  
Divya Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because of technical issues or to preserve samples for subsequent research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stability of biochemical analytes is affected by storage conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 biochemical analytes in the sera of ten patients were examined following storage. Subsequent to determining the baseline measurements, the serum of each patient was aliquoted and stored at −20°C for 7, 15, and 30 days and then analyzed for stability. The results were compared with the initial analysis measurements obtained from fresh samples. Mean changes compared to baseline (T0) concentrations were evaluated both statistically and clinically. Results: Our results show that sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total calcium, phosphorus, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were stable under all conditions. Serum amylase was the only analyte demonstrating instability following prolonged storage; amylase levels changed significantly (both statistically and clinically) at 7, 15, and 30 days (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Most common biochemical analytes, except for amylase, showed adequate stability in serum following 30 days of storage at −20°C. Serum amylase analysis should be conducted on the same day that the sample is received in the laboratory.

Normal reference-intervals for 20 biochemical variables in healthy infants, children, and adolescents.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gómez ◽  
C Coca ◽  
C Vargas ◽  
J Acebillo ◽  
A Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Outpatient Children

Abstract We determined normal reference values from data on sera of 2099 outpatient children (ages one week to 14 years) at our institution. Using a continuous-flow instrument (SMAC, Technicon), we determined the following analytes in each serum sample: glucose, creatinine, uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, total CO2, iron, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and calcium. The resulting data were coded and subsequently processed in an IBM 370 computer, and the reference values (3rd and 97th percentiles) were defined for each analyte. A two-way analysis of variance was also done to determine the influence of age and sex on results of these 20 biochemical tests.

High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Array Processor ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

scholarly journals Vegetables, Potatoes and Their Products as Sources of Energy and Nutrients to the Average Diet in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3217
Author(s):  
Hanna Górska-Warsewicz ◽  
Krystyna Rejman ◽  
Joanna Kaczorowska ◽  
Wacław Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Kohonen Neural Networks ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Total Fat

The aim of our study was to analyse vegetables, potatoes and their products as sources of energy and nutrients in the average diet in Poland. Representative data of the 2016 Household Budget Survey from 36,886 households were used. This is the largest study sample in Poland, so we generalized the conclusions to the whole population using the statement ‘average diet’. We analysed three main product groups: vegetables, vegetable products, and potatoes and potatoes products, dividing them into 14 subgroups (e.g., tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, other vegetables, and mushrooms). The percentages of energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, nine vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E), seven minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc), and fibre from the analysed food subgroups are presented. Additionally, the influence of household characteristics on the supply of energy and nutrients from each subgroup of vegetables, potatoes, and their products was evaluated using cluster analysis. In the analysis, R programme and Kohonen neural networks were applied. Our study showed that vegetables, potatoes, and their products provide 7.3% of daily dietary energy supply. Vegetables contribute more than 20% of the supply of six nutrients: vitamin C (51.8%), potassium (32.5%), folate (31.0%), vitamin A (30.6%), vitamin B6 (27.8%), and magnesium (20.2%), as well as fibre (31.8%). Cluster analysis distinguished three clusters that differed in nutritional supply from vegetables, potatoes, and their products. Educational level, income measured by quintile groups, village size, socio-economic characteristics, urbanization degree, and land use were the most important factors determining differences between clusters.

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