Comparison of Methods for Calculating Serum Osmolality from Chemical Concentrations, and the Prognostic Value of Such Calculations

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Dorwart ◽  
Leslie Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Serum Osmolality ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Hospital Patient ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Sodium, potassium, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and osmolality were determined for 715 hospital-patient sera. The chemical concentrations were used to calculate osmolalities according to 13 different methods taken from the literature. The goodness of the comparison between calculated and measured osmolality was quite similar for several of the better methods. The agreement was unimproved when molal chemical concentrations were used instead of molar values. The difference between measured and calculated osmolality was unrelated to whether a patient was discharged from the hospital after a short or long period or ultimately died. The equation we found to yield the most accurately calculated osmolalities is

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Blood Urea Nitrogen to Serum Albumin Ratio in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 7349-7359
Author(s):  
Xiulan Peng ◽  
Yali Huang ◽  
Haifeng Fu ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Anbing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Albumin Ratio

Prognostic Value of Blood Urea Nitrogen and Its Variations in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. S87-S88
Author(s):  
Carlo Lombardi ◽  
Marco Metra ◽  
Alessandra Manerba ◽  
Luca Bettari ◽  
Silvia Bugatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

scholarly journals 475p Prognostic Value of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in the Early Assessment of Acute Pancreatitis: An International Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-66
Author(s):  
Bechien U. Wu ◽  
Olaf J. Bakker ◽  
Georgios I. Papachristou ◽  
Kathryn Repas ◽  
Marc G. Besselink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
International Study ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

scholarly journals Effects of xylazine, lignocaine and their combination for lumbar epidural analgesia in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Singh ◽  
K. Pratap ◽  
Amarpal P. Kinjavdekar ◽  
H.P. Aithal ◽  
G.R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Group A

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylazine alone (0.05 mg/kg), lignocaine alone (2.0 mg/kg) and a combination of xylazine and lignocaine (0.05 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively) after lumbar epidural administration in water buffalo calves. Fifteen nondescript, male water buffalo calves of 6-8 months of age and weighing between 55 and 75 kg were randomly placed in 3 groups (A, B and C). The agents were administered at the 1st lumbar epidural space. Clinico-physiological parameters such as analgesia, ataxia, sedation, salivation, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were studied. Other haematological and biochemical parameters monitored were haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, plasma glucose, cortisol, protein albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, sodium, potassium and chloride. The onset of analgesia was faster in groupC(3.0 + 0.44 min) compared with that of group B (4.4 + 0.40 min) and group A (34.0 + 1.86 min). Analgesia of the thorax, flank, inguinal region, hind limbs, perineum and tail was complete in group C, but mild to moderate in groupsAand B.Ataxia was severe in groups B and C and mild in group A. Mild to deep sedation were produced by groups A and C animals. Longer duration and greater depth of analgesia was produced in animals in group C. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature decreased in groups A and C. The haematological parameters decreased in all the groups. The biochemical parameters like glucose, cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALTincreased in all the animals. However, total proteins and albumin decreased in the 3 groups. The plasma electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride did not show any significant change. The results of this study indicated a possible additive analgesic interaction between epidurally administered xylazine and lignocaine, without causing any marked systemic effects in water buffalo calves.

622 Blood urea nitrogen — an important prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
M ROIK ◽  
M STARCZEWSKA ◽  
S STAWICKI ◽  
Z HUCZEK ◽  
J KOCHANOWSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Association between Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-creatinine Ratio and Three-Month Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghui Deng ◽  
Changyi Wang ◽  
Shi Qiu ◽  
Haiyang Bian ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Background: Hydration status significantly affects the clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) is a biomarker of hydration status. However, it is not known whether there is a relationship between BUN/Cr and three-month outcome as assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in AIS patients. Methods: AIS patients admitted to West China Hospital from 2012 to 2016 were prospectively and consecutively enrolled and baseline data were collected. Poor clinical outcome was defined as three-month mRS > 2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between BUN/Cr and three-month outcome. Confounding factors were identified by univariate analysis. Stratified logistic regression analysis was performed to identify effect modifiers. Results: A total of 1738 patients were included in the study. BUN/Cr showed a positive correlation with the three-month outcome (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, p=0.04). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the correlation was no longer significant (p=0.95). An interaction between BUN/Cr and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was discovered (p=0.03), with a significant correlation between BUN/Cr and three-month outcome in patients with higher HDL (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07, p=0.04). Conclusion: Elevated BUN/Cr is associated with poor three-month outcome in AIS patients with high HDL levels.

Theaflavin Enriched Black Tea Extract Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing Hyperglycaemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhrubajyoti Sarkar ◽  
Sekhar Kumar Bose ◽  
Tania Chakraborty ◽  
Souvik Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Black Tea Extract ◽  
Tea Extract

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a microvascular complication of diabetes has been a significant health issue globally. However, theaflavin enriched black tea extract (BTE-TF) could restrain DN. Objective: The main objective of this exploration was to elucidate the effect of BTE-TF on DN, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear and requires further investigation. Method: The tea leaves were fermented to get black tea extract. Total phenolic content and HPLC were carried out to determine the phenolic content and theaflavin in the extract. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day BTE-TF extract for 12 weeks. Biochemical parameters like blood glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride and antioxidant parameters of kidney tissue were measured. Histology, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay were performed to observe the effect of the extract with comparison to the standard drug (Metformin 200mg/kg/day). Result: Treated animals exhibited reduced blood glucose levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and serum triglycerides. Further, BTE-TF restored the histological alterations in the kidney. Chronic hyperglycaemia resulted in a significant increase in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines of NF-kβ pathway. BTE-TF attenuated oxidative stress (p<0.01), inflammation (p<0.05) and apoptosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that BTE-TF exerts a protective role against diabetes-induced renal injury by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

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